Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.
“The burnt child fears the fire” is one instance; another is the rise of figures like Hitler. Both these examples point up the fact that attitudes come from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and gradual.
The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.
Another reason it is true is that pupils often search somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who has previously acquire little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
The teacher can develop proper attitudes through social studies, science matters, the very atmosphere of the classroom, etc. However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise to attempt to change their feelings by criticizing them. The teacher can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experience.
To illustrate, first-grade pupils, afraid of policemen will probably change their attitudes after a classroom talk with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.
Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be harmful she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions of which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as result of objective analysis of all the facts.
【小题1】The author uses the phrase “the burnt child fears the fire” in order to __________.

A.stress the importance of keeping child from the fire
B.exemplify(例证) the opinion that attitudes come from experience
C.illustrate the important role of attitudes towards study in the early childhood
D.none of the above
【小题2】According to the author, teachers may have great influence on children’s attitudes because___________.
A.they can use marks to judge students
B.they can control students’ behavior
C.they may judge a student from their own likes and dislikes
D.their words are usually respected by the children
【小题3】Through which of the following factor a teacher CANNOT develop proper attitudes of students?
A.Social studiesB.Science matters
C.The very atmosphere of the classroomD.Criticism of children’s behavior
【小题4】In the author’s opinion, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes because_______.
A.her personal attitudes may affect her students if she is prejudiced
B.she need to improve herself too
C.she is also often influenced by her students
D.she may not have a constant attitude towards some controversial sues(控诉)
【小题5】The main readers of this passage may be ___________.
A.psychologists conducting complicated experiments
B.parents who have children in school
C.school teachers
D.students in primary school


Accidents happen almost daily. Some accidents are minor and some are serious but others may be fatal. We read about such accidents nearly every day in the newspapers. It is wrong for people to think that accidents occur only on the roads or highways, or even at worksites. Home accidents are just as common. Because very few home accidents are reported, people tend to think that there are few accidents which happen in homes.
There have been many cases where people fall to their deaths from high-rise flats. Children often fall from staircases while coming down the stairs. Old people may slip on wet or slippery floors if they are not careful.
Nowadays there are a lot of modern electrical appliances such as rice-cookers, electric irons, and kettles which make life easy for the modern housewives. These appliances can kill if they are not used in the proper way.
Gas stoves used for cooking are also dangerous if they are not properly handled. They may cause burns or, in more serious cases, they may even cause fires.
But all such accidents can be prevented if we are careful and obey simple rules of safety. For example, it is unwise for people to try repairing their own electrical appliances if they do not know how. It is safer for them to get their faulty appliances repaired by a qualified electrician.                                       
61. Accidents take place_______.
A. mostly in homes                          B. mostly on roads and highways
C. mostly on worksites and factories   D. almost everywhere
62. People think accidents happen only on the roads or highways because ______.
A. there are more road accidents
B. many home accidents are not reported in newspapers
C. home accidents are not serious
D. such accidents happen nearly every day
63. Which of the following accidents may NOT happen in homes?
A. People may fall to deaths from high buildings.
B. People may be knocked down by cars on the roads.
C. Gas stoves may caused burns or even fires.
D. People may get a shock from an electrical appliance
64. Which of the following is true about the modern electrical appliances?
A. They help modern housewives a lot.
B. They are very dangerous and should not be used.
C. They are usually safe unless they are used carefully.
D. They are not dangerous even if they are used carelessly.
65. People are advised________.
A. to avoid using electrical appliances
B. to repair their own faulty electrical appliances
C. not to repair their own faulty electrical appliances
D. not to throw away their faulty electrical appliances

There are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the future and to things about which there is something to be done.

It is unwise to be too attached to the youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are cold to you.

I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education. But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with you children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you can still render them material services, such as making them an allowance or knitting them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company.

 Some old people are afraid of death. But in fact the best way is to make your interests gradually wider and ore impersonal. An individual human existence should be like a river-small at fist, rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider and the banks move back and in the end they become mixed in the sea without any visible break.

   The old man who can see life in this way will not suffer from the fear of growing old and death.

1.The author suggests that old people should_______.

A. develop impersonal interests with proper activities.

B. tell their children not to make mistakes

C. concern themselves with their children

D. not give their children an allowance

2.The underlined word “render” in Paragraph 3 is close to the meaning of  “_____”.

A. return            B. reward           C. offer               D. demand

3.The author compares an individual human existence to a river because _____.

A. Life is like a river, first small, and then it becomes wide

B. life is like a river finally flowing into the sea

C. old age and death are both natural just like a river

D. old people will be mixed in the crowd like a river mixed in the sea

4.What’s the best title of this passage?

A. Setting Sun Is Beautiful           B. Growing Old Successfully

C. Why Fear Getting Old             D. Caring for Olds More

 

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