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1.Cycling is highly ____________(有益的)to health and the environment.

2.___________(祝贺)on your exam results!

3.____________(陪伴)by his husband, she got through all the tough challenges.

4.Some hospital patients experience high levels of __________________(焦虑,担心).

5.The eruption was an _______________(绝对,完全)fantastic sight.

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A 7.0-magnitude(震级)earthquake attacked Kumamoto, Japan on April 15th, 2016, less than two days after a 6.2-magnitude earthquake rocked the same area. The smaller 6.2-magnitude quake on April 14th killed nine people and injured hundreds more, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. With these two and the memories of the huge 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami(海啸)that destroyd northeast of Japan in 2011 not far from people’s minds, what is it about this part of the world that makes it so active in earthquakes?

First of all, Japan is along the so-called Pacific Ring of Fire, which is the most active earthquake area in the world. This “ring” is actually an imaginary U-shaped zone that follows the edge(边缘)of the Pacific Ocean, where many of the world’s earthquakes occur.

“The earthquake in Kumamoto seems to have been caused by the collision(碰撞)between the Philippines Sea Plate(板块)and the Eurasia Plate,” said Paul Caruso, a geophysicist of the USGS. While Japan is no stranger to earthquakes, the 7.0-magnitude earthquake is one of the largest ever recorded in this part of southern Japan, Caruso told Live Science. “The second largest was probably on March 20, 1939 --- there was a magnitude of 6.7 in this area,” he said.

“Not all earthquakes cause tsunamis,” Caruso said. In general, there are three key elements that can produce a dangerous earthquake-tsunami combination, he added. First, the earthquake must be at least 7.0-magnitude. Second, the quake’s epicenter(震中)has to be under the ocean, Caruso said. And finally, the earthquake hasn’t to be too deep.

“We have quakes around Fiji all the time, but those are sometimes 640 kilometers underground, so they aren’t going to cause a tsunami,” he said. The one in Kumamoto was about 10 km underground but the epicenter was on land, Caruso said.

“There are lots of large aftershocks,” Caruso told Live Science. “And of course, after a large earthquake, buildings are often weakened as a result. Additional damage can be expected. ” People living in the area should expect more shaking in the coming days, according to Caruso. “We can say for certain that there are going to be more aftershocks in this area,” he said. “Exactly when and how big they’re going to be is difficult to say, though. No one can predict that.”

1.The earthquake happened on April 15th in Kumamoto ________.

A. was the largest one that ever happened there

B. caused the movement of the Philippines Sea Plate and the Eurasia Plate

C. was the first one that reached the magnitude of 7.0 in Japan

D. brought great destruction to the northeastern part of Japan

2.What does the underlined word “elements” in Para 4 mean?

A. Conclusions. B. Influences.

C. Ingredients. D. Intentions.

3.Which inference about the Kumamoto earthquake is the most probably correct?

A. It didn’t cause too much destruction to the buildings.

B. The epicenter was too deep to cause tsunami.

C. The aftershocks were well-controlled.

D. It didn’t bring about any powerful tsunamis.

4.Which of the following might be the title of the passage?

A. Why Are Earthquakes in Japan So Destructive?

B. Why Do So many Earthquakes Attack Japan?

C. Why Do Earthquakes Cause Tsunamis in Japan?

D. Why Do So Many Earthquakes Happen?

If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker(贴画) for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said.

Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster”, did not work as well.

The study found that when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables—either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas—in laboratory taste tests, the study said.

Researchers randomly assigned (分派) 173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where Parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.

Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day for 12 days. Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables—and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround(转机) also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once-disliked vegetable three months later.

Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.

1.What is the purpose of writing the passage?

A. To show the procedure of an experiment on children’s diet

B. To introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables

C. To explain why children hate to eat vegetables

D. To present a proper way of verbal praise to parents

2.What does the underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Shoot from behind the back

B. Make a fire in the backyard

C. Produce an unexpected result

D. Achieve what was planned

3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.

B. Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables.

C. Oral praise works quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.

D. It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.

4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. Children like rewards, not verbal praise.

B. Parents should give up verbal praise.

C. Children are difficult to inspire.

D. Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone.

“Three Apples” changed the world. The first one seduced(诱惑)Eve. The second one awakened Newton. 1. Here are some famous words from Steve Jobs to share.

On the character

I’m the only person I know that’s lost a quarter of a billion dollars in one year. 2..

On good design

That’s been one of my mottos-focus and simplicity. Simple can be harder than complex;You have to work hard to get your thinking clean to make it simple. But it’s worth it in the end because once you get there,you can move mountains.

On his outlook
3. Saying we’ve done something wonderful when going to bed at night. That’s what matters to me.

On your working life

Your work is going to fill a large part of your life,and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work.4. If you haven’t found it yet,keep looking. Don’t settle.

On the importance of death

No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to get there. 5. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be,because Death is even likely the single best invention of life. It is life’s change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you,but some day not too long from now,you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.

A. It’s very character-building.

B. The third one was in the hands of Steve Jobs.

C. This is not a one-man show.

D. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.

E. And yet death is the destination we all share.

F. It’s really hard to design products by focusing on groups.

G. Being the richest man in the cemetery doesn’t matter to me.

My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.That first year,I______feeding peanuts to the blue jays,then the squirrels.The squirrels had no______coming up right to me for them. As the months went by, the rabbits saw that I was no______and didn’t escape.When I threw carrot slices(薄片),they even came for a nibble(啃).Slowly they came to______me,and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand.
That second year,the rabbits______me,and one would even sit up for slices!While I was feeding them,I______that a groundhog who used to run away was now talking an______interest in this food situation.I carefully extended a long______,with a keen eye on those teeth,and______,there were times I would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit,both munching(津津有味的咀嚼) On carrots.A few months later,while______,she would even turn her back to me.______When she was facing away, I reached out and______scratched(搔)her back with my finger,She didn’t move.

By year three,the rabbits and the groundhog were back.The groundhog______didn’t have a problem with me scratching her back,and I got an ides,I’d always______,while slicing up carrots,that the end looked like a cap.______one day, just to see what she would do ,I gently______one on top of the groundhog’s head.Again,not a______,The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here,one of several dozen such pictures,______she had a slice to eat,she never______the one of her head.It was a fair______—I got a pleasure,and she had yet another tasty treat.

1.A. avoided B. started C. canceled D. suggested

2.A. business B. fun C. problem D. privilege

3.A. help B. cheat C. threat D. exception

4.A. trust B. miss C. admire D. appreciate

5.A. feared B. ignored C. discovered D. remembered

6.A. proved B. decided C. noticed D. understood

7.A. extreme B. increasing C. additional D. inspiring

8.A. squirrel B. rabbit C. peanut D. carrot

9.A. before long B. long ago C. over and over D. all over again

10.A. eating B. playing C. sitting D. sleeping

11.A. Next B. Once C. Soon D. Lately

12.A. carefully B. suddenly C. violently D. patiently

13.A. also B. thus C. just D. still

14.A. thought B. doubted C. admitted D. recognised

15.A. While B. Or C. So D. For

16.A. fixed B. placed C. hung D. kept

17.A. tremble B. move C. delay D. hesitation

18.A. Even if B. Ever since C. As far as D. So long as

19.A. welcomed B. required C. bothered D. expected

20.A. trade B. competition C. task D. affair

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