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There are 3 basic types of rock climbing.Top roping is probably one of the most common types and the climber basically climbs with a partner.Top roping is a style in which a rope,used for the climber's safety,runs from a belayer(保护员)at the foot of a route through one or more carabiners(铁 锁)connected to an anchor system at the top of the route and back down to the climber,usually attaching to the climber by means of a harness.Assuming that the route is bottomtotop,the toprope climber generally will not fall more than a short distance and can thus safely attempt even the most difficult routes.      The second type,which is very similar to top roping is called lead climbing.The buddy(同伴)system works the same way,one man on the ground belaying and the other climbing,but this time instead of the rope being at the top of the rock it has to be hooked into clasps(钩子)as the climber climbs up the rock. In both of these types of rock climbing the climbers has the luxury to sit off the rock face and rest on the rope.However,lead climbing requires the climber to hang from the rock face with one hand,grab the rope ,and pull it up to lip it into the clasps,and this can be very hard depending on many different things.      The third type of rock climbing is called bouldering.Bouldering is a type of free climbing without any ropes or harnesses.The climber tends to stay much closer to the ground.This is the most demanding of all climbing.The climber must be able to complete the route without taking a rest on the rope.Often, during a bouldering route the climber is required to do a maneuver called dyno(动态动作). Dynos are basically launching yourself off the rock face,and then grabbing at a hold further away from you.This type of maneuver is where mental training plays a major role in climbing.      Believe it or not,climbing is said to be about 75% legs and only 25% arms.To climb successfully one must use wonderful technique.One of the major rules of rock climbing is to always have 3 points touching the rock face.Whether it is both feet and one hand,or one foot and both hands,it is much easier to have your weight distributed on 3 points than it is 2.Another important concept to grasp is that your arms in most cases will not do the climbing；they only hold you into the rock face so that your legs are actually pushing you upward.The closer you are to the rock face,the easier it is to climb.                                                                Rock Climbing    1   basic types Top roping One of the most common types A climber__2__by a partner A rope and a belayer needed to keep the climber__3__,with one or more carabiners connected to an anchor system at the top of the route Lead  climbing Having__4__with top roping The rope being__5__into clasps as the climber climbs up the rock The climber having much__6__finishing the climb Bouldering Free climbing without the__7__of any ropes or harnesses The climber completing the route,with a maneuver __8__ What the  climbers  should  9     Using wonderful technique Always having 3 points touching the rock face Using your legs to push yourself upward,__10__arms used to keep your body closer to the rock face

Answer 1

1.Three　2. accompanied　3. safe　4.similarities　5. hooked　
6. difficulty/trouble　7. help/assistance/aid　8. done　9.remember　10.with