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  Basketball is one sport-perhaps the only sport whose exact origin(起源)can be stated. During the winter of 1891, Dr James Naismith, a college teacher in Massachusette, invented the game of basketball in order to supply exercises for the students beween the closing of football season and the opening of the baseball season. He fixed fruit baskets overhead on the walls, and using a football, organized nine-men teams to play this new game in which the purpose was to try to toss(扔)the ball into one basket and try to prevent the other basket. Though there have been many changes in the rules since then, such as the reduction(减少)of the number of players on a team from nine to five, the game is almost the same today. American soldiers introduced it to Philippines in 1900 and to Europe during World War I, and being adopted by foreign nations, it soon became a world-wide sport. It is interesting that although basketball was invented as an indoor game, it is now played almost entirely outdoors.

1.According to the passage, ________ was played in winter before Dr James Naismith’s invention.

[  ]

A.football
B.beseball
C.basketball
D.no game

2.The main task of each team is ________.

[  ]

A.to toss the ball into their own basket

B.to toss the ball into the other team’s basket

C.to stop the other team from tossing the ball

D.both A and C

3.Before 1900, basketball was played ________.

[  ]

A.only in the U.S. A.

B.in the U.S. A. and Europe

C.in Philippines

D.both A and C

4.According to the passage, which of the following is not true?

[  ]

A.Dr Naismith invented basketball at the end of the nineteenth century.

B.There were 18 players on the basketball playground when the game was invented.

C.Basketball became popular throughout the world soon after it was invented.

D.People in Europe didn’t play basketball until in the late 1920’s.

The trip to the United State opened my eyes to the fact that there are a lot of similarities as well as differences between American youth and French youth.
The first difference is in appearance. Going around in the U.S., I found that American youth do not really care about their appearance. In the morning, they choose something in their closet and wear it with another thing, often of different colors and styles, without wondering whether their choices make them look strange. The reason behind this is that they don’t care what people look like, but are just interested in their ideas. I think it’s great, but it also causes problems. Since they don’t care about their appearance, they don’t really care about their weight. Often they get fat without realizing it.
There are differences in relationships too. When the American youth fall in love, they don’t really think of the future. Also, there are differences in the rules concerning behavior that is allowed. In some respects, the French are more accepting. For example, in America it is generally unacceptable to make physical display of love. Lovers, actually, can’t kiss or hold each other everywhere they want. People think that not showing love in public places is a way to respect others. On the contrary, the French youth can do almost everything they want.
As for other types of relationships, there are also big differences. Americans act differently from French people in front of unknown people. When an American girl, for example, arrives in front of people she has never met before, she will talk with them, trying to create a kind of tie between her and this new circle of people. The French girls will just think about rather than really do this kind of thing because they are too shy and lacking in self-confidence.
To finish, I noticed that in American classes, when pupils want to say or ask something, they just do it. In general, they don’t really care how the others will judge them. In France, it’s not the same case. If somebody wants to ask something, he/she will think about it before speaking up. I appreciate the freedom in Americans’ behavior, ideas, and ways of expressing themselves.
【小题1】The underlined word “respects” in the third paragraph probably means____.

A.approachesB.aspectsC.honorsD.means
【小题2】When American youth fall in love with each other, they _________.
A.will not hold each other
B.will rarely display their love in public
C.will always think about their future
D.will kiss wherever they like
【小题3】It can be inferred from the passage that French youth may think more about ______.
A.their relationship’s futureB.their public images
C.their physical displaysD.their lover’s ideas
【小题4】The passage is mainly about the______ between American youth and French youth.
A.differencesB.friendshipC.similaritiesD.relationships

There are many theories about how drama (戏剧) came into being in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama developed gradually from ceremonies. The argument for this view goes as follows.
In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then kept and repeated until they hardened into fixed ceremonies. Eventually stories arose which explained the mysteries of the ceremonies. As time passed, some of them were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths (神话), provided materials for art and drama
Those who believe that drama came out of ceremonies also argue that those ceremonies contained the seed of theater because music, dance, and masks were almost always used. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the rules of ceremonies, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks, they often impersonated (扮演) other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and performed the desired effect by gestures -- success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival (复活) of the Sun -- as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.
Another theory finds out the theater came from the human Interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other events) are gradually formed, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a speaker and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person A closely related theory about drama traces to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations (模仿) of animal movements and sounds.
【小题1】Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?

A.Three theories about how drama came into being are mentioned.
B.The majority of people believe drama came from ceremonies.
C.Stories were made up to explain the mysteries of the ceremonies.
D.Religious activities developed gradually from ceremonies.
【小题2】We can infer from the passage that ______.
A.all measures couldn't bring the desired results
B.religious leaders usually didn't perform in the ceremonies
C.mistakes are unavoidable in the religious ceremonies
D.performers usually used languages to reach the desired results
【小题3】The underlined part "traces to" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A.dates back toB.is devoted toC.gives way toD.is familiar to
【小题4】 The best title for the text would be ______.
A.The Development of DramaB.The History of Drama
C.The Origin of DramaD.The Popularity of Drama

There are many theories about how drama (戏剧) came into being in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama developed gradually from ceremonies. The argument for this view goes as follows.

In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then kept and repeated until they hardened into fixed ceremonies. Eventually stories arose which explained the mysteries of the ceremonies. As time passed, some of them were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths (神话), provided materials for art and drama

Those who believe that drama came out of ceremonies also argue that those ceremonies contained the seed of theater because music, dance, and masks were almost always used. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the rules of ceremonies, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks, they often impersonated (扮演) other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and performed the desired effect by gestures -- success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival (复活) of the Sun -- as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.

Another theory finds out the theater came from the human Interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other events) are gradually formed, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a speaker and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person A closely related theory about drama traces to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations (模仿) of animal movements and sounds.

1.Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?

A.Three theories about how drama came into being are mentioned.

B.The majority of people believe drama came from ceremonies.

C.Stories were made up to explain the mysteries of the ceremonies.

D.Religious activities developed gradually from ceremonies.

2.We can infer from the passage that ______.

A.all measures couldn't bring the desired results

B.religious leaders usually didn't perform in the ceremonies

C.mistakes are unavoidable in the religious ceremonies

D.performers usually used languages to reach the desired results

3.The underlined part "traces to" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.

A.dates back to       B.is devoted to       C.gives way to        D.is familiar to

4. The best title for the text would be ______.

A.The Development of Drama               B.The History of Drama

C.The Origin of Drama                     D.The Popularity of Drama

 

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