题目内容

We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.

Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils.The standards may be changed because no examination is perfect, but to have no tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards.There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers.This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on efficiency, the values and the purpose of each teacher.Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected school? And from families known to them, a form of favouritism will replace equality.At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates(毕业证) to prove he is suitable for a job, while the lack of certificate indicates the unsuitability(不合适)of a dull child attending a well-respected school.This defense of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his school's reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child form the favoured school.

The opponents(反对者)of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils.According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class.They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection.The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer.

1.The underlined word "favouritism" in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that ___.

A.bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs.

B.children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs

C.poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets

D.children attending ordinary schools achieve great success

2.What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author?

A.Schools for bright children would lose their reputation.

B.There would be more opportunities and excellence.

C.Children from poor families would be able to change their schools.

D.Children's job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation.

3.The opponents of the examination system will agree that____.

A.jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection

B.computers should be selected to take over many jobs

C.special classes are necessary to keep the school standards

D.schools with academic subjects should be done away with

4.The passage mainly focuses on ____.

A.schools and certificates                   B.examinations and equality

C.opportunity and employment              D.standards and reputation

 

【答案】

1.B

2.D

3.A

4.B

【解析】

试题分析:本文讨论的主要就是考试和公平的关系,正是为了公平我们才进行各种的考试,给所有的人机会。如果没有了考试,很多事情都无法去衡量。

1.B 推理题。本句And from families known to them, a form of favouritism will replace equality.根据上一句.Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected school? And from families known to them,说明没有了考试很多的老板就会从名校里找学生,那么这些名校的学生机会有更好的工作,故B正确。

2.D 细节题。根据第二段倒数第二行the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his school's reputation说明没有了考试,聪明的学生的机会就会因为学校的名誉而失去了,故D项正确。

3.A 推理题。根据文章倒数2,3行all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection.说明他认为工作不应该是按照系统的选择来进行的,而是用不成系统的胡乱第选择来决定的,故A项符合。

4.B 主旨大意题,本文讨论的主要就是考试和公平的关系,正是为了公平我们才进行各种的考试,给所有的人机会。如果没有了考试,很多事情都无法去衡量。故B项内容正确。

考点:考查人生百态类短文

点评:本文讨论的主要就是考试和公平的关系,考查推理题较多,不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系,结合自己的生活常识和经验,再通过逻辑推理和判断,理解文章的言外之意,从而揭示文章的深层涵义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的,读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。

 

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【小题1】
A.put upB.put away C.stay upD.set up
【小题2】
A.preservedB.conservedC.bookedD.occupied
【小题3】
A.MeanwhileB.MoreoverC.OtherwiseD.However
【小题4】
A.on dutyB.on displayC.on stageD.on hand
【小题5】
A.serviceB.viewC.offerD.invitation
【小题6】
A.InstructionB.considerationC.InconvenienceD.interruption
【小题7】
A.cleared awayB.picked outC.cleaned upD.cleared up
【小题8】
A.livingB.doubleC.admirableD.luxury
【小题9】
A.appreciationB.admirationC.surpriseD.excitement
【小题10】
A.exciteB.skepticalC.annoyedD.respectful
【小题11】
A.lackingB.coveringC.jokingD.cheating
【小题12】
A.not moreB.no moreC.someD.another
【小题13】
A.describedB.statedC.recitedD.recalled
【小题14】
A.swappedB.includedC.attachedD.added
【小题15】
A.formerB.originalC.formalD.primitive
【小题16】
A.displayingB.toweringC.flyingD.hovering
【小题17】
A.determinedB.promisedC.tendedD.intended
【小题18】
A.getB.keepC.manageD.make
【小题19】
A.sensitiveB.concernedC.curiousD.serious
【小题20】
A.SceneB.situationC.conditionD.occasion


第二部分阅读理解(满分20分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.
So, you have to give a speech-- and you’re terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank goodness, it’s over. I’m just no good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again. ”
Cheer up! It doesn’t have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.
Just remember: be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to -person contact with your audience.
If you follow these simple steps, you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens.
1. The main idea of this article is _________.
A. you can improve your speaking ability   B. a poor speaker can never change
C. always make a short speech            D. it is hard to make a speech
2. Paragraph 2 implies that ________.
A. many people are afraid of giving a speech   B. many people are happy to give a speech
C. many people do not prepare for a speech    D. many people talk too long
3. The phrase “talk over their heads” means ________.
A. speak too loudly      B. look at the ceiling
C. look down upon them   D. use words and ideas that are too difficult
4. All of the following statements are true except that ___________.
A. few people know how to make good speeches
B. a lecturer does not need to organize his speech
C. research is important in preparing a speech
D. there are simple steps you can take to improve your speaking ability
5. The title for this passage may be _______.
A. Do Not Make a Long Speech   B. How to Give a Good Speech
C. How to Prepare for a Speech   D. Try to Enjoy a Speech  


E
Years ago, when I started looking for my first job, wise advisers urged, "Barbara, be enthusiastic! Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience." How right they were! Enthusiastic people can turn a boring drive into an adventure, extra work into opportunity and strangers into friends.
"Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm," wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson. It is the paste that helps you hang in there when the going gets tough. It is the inner voice that whispers, "I can do it!" when others shout, "No, you can't!" It took years and years for the early work of Barbara McClintock, a geneticist(遗传学家)who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine, to be generally accepted. Yet she didn't let up on her experiments. Work was such a deep pleasure for her that she never thought of stopping.
We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder and it is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such a youthful air, whatever their age. At 90, cellist Pablo Casals would start his day by playing Bach(巴赫). As the music flowed through his fingers, his bent shoulders would straighten and joy would reappear in his eyes. As author and poet Samuel once wrote, "Years wrinkle(使生皱纹)the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul."
Enthusiastic people also love what they do, regardless of money, title or power. Patricia Mallrath, retired director of the Missouri Repertory Theater in Kansas City, was once asked where she got her enthusiasm. She replied, "My father, a lawyer, long ago told me, I never made a penny until I stopped working for money."
If we cannot do what we love as a full-time career, we can do it as a hobby. Elizabeth Layton of Wellsville, Kan, was 68 before she began to draw. This activity ended her depression(抑郁)that had troubled her for at least 30 years, and the quality of her work led one critic to say, "I am persuaded to call Layton a genius."
We can't afford to waste tears on "might-have-beens". We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after "what-can-be." We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, with all our senses-finding pleasure in the sweet smell of a backyard garden, the simple picture of a six-year-old, and the beauty of a rainbow.
67. Which of the following can best explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
A. Enthusiasm can give you courage and strength in difficult times.
B. If you don't have enthusiasm, you can achieve nothing.
C. Enthusiastic people never consider money and fame.
D. Enthusiastic people can gain great fame and honor.
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A. music can arouse people's enthusiasm
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A. Two.                  B. Three.                  C. Four.                D. Five.
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A. enthusiastic people will never get old
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D. enthusiasm can give people more success and fame

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