题目内容

5.How is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently?One answer is that in fact each sibling grows upin a different family.The firstborn is,for a while,an only child,and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later.The next child is,for a while,the youngest,until the situation is changed by a new arrival.The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too.One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis,with a disappointed mother or an angry father.
Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918.But more recently,researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others'lives.Dr.Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings.The reason for this might be that the later children aren't getting the same one-on-one time with parents.But that doesn't mean that the younger children have problems with language development.Later-borns don't enjoy that much talking time with parents,but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters,learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between"I"and"me".
A Cambridge University study of 140children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially.Love-hate relationships were common among the children.Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.
One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings,particularly if they are close in age.Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third.Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters.A 2003research paper studied adolescents from 185families over two years,finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.

63.The underlined part"in a different family"(in Para.1)means"A".
A.in a different family environment    B.in a different family tradition
C.in different family crises           D.in different families
64.In terms of language development,later-bornsB.
A.get their parents'individual guidance
B.learn a lot from their elder siblings
C.experience a lot of difficulties
D.pick up words more quickly
65.What was found about fights among siblings?D
A.Siblings hated fighting and loved playing.
B.Siblings in some families fought frequently.
C.Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships.
D.Siblings learned to get on together from fights.
66.The word"feminine"(in Para.4)means"B".
A.having qualities of parents      B.having qualities of women
C.having defensive qualities       D.having extraordinary qualities.

分析 同一家庭出身的兄弟姐妹性格为何不同?那是因为他们生活于不同的家庭环境:对于父母的体验,第一个出生的孩子与以后出生的孩子会迥然不同;在语言发展上,后出生的孩子更喜欢向哥哥姐姐学习而不是向父母学习.

解答 63.答案:A.词义猜测题.根据第一段第二句中的"…different experience…"以及第一段最后一句中"…might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis,with a disappointed mother and angry father."可知,该短语意为"生活在不同的家庭环境中",故选A.
64.答案:B.细节理解题.根据第二段最后一句话中"Later-borns don't enjoy that much talking time with parents,but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sister…"可知后出生者更倾向于向兄弟姐妹学习,故选B.
65.答案:D.细节理解题.根据第三段最后一句"Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much posistive communication as the other sibling pairs."可知,即使兄弟姐妹间争吵不断,他们也在此中学习相处之道,故选D.
66.答案:B.词义猜测题.根据本句语境"Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters."可知,有兄弟的女孩比有姐妹的女孩更具有女性品质特征,故选B.

点评 做这类题时,不仅要掌握文章的主旨大意,而且要根据题干在文章中找出关键信息进行细节理解,并根据上下文猜测词义.

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10.Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic (流行病) sweeping across
America's farmland.It has little to do with the usual challenges,such as flood,rising fuel prices
and crop-eating insects.The country's farmers are getting older,and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place.National agricultural census (普查) figures show that the fastest-growing group of farmers is the part over 65.Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012statistics are completed.
Merrigan,a former college professor,is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture.Aside from trying to stop the graying of America's farmers,her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No.1on a list of"useless"college degrees.Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting,and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country.
"There couldn't be anything that's more incorrect,"Merrigan said."We know that there aren't enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture."
In addition,a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food  production by 2050,she said.
"I truly believe we're at a golden age of agriculture.Global demand is at an all-time record  high,and global supplies are at all-time record lows,"said Matt Rush,director of the Texas Farm Bureau."Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture."
The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food.The National Young Farmers'Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers.
Ryan Best,president of Future Farmers of America,has been living out of a suitcase,traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture.The 21-year-old Best hopes his message-that this is a new time in agriculture-will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics."Never before have we had the innovations (创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been,"he said."There's really a place for everybody to fit in."

59.What is the new challenge to American agriculture?A
A.Fewer and older farmers.
B.Higher fuel prices.
C.More natural disasters.
D.Lower agricultural output.
60.Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country?D
A.To draw federal agriculture officials'attention.
B.To select qualified agriculture graduates.
C.To clarify a recent blog posting.
D.To talk more students into farming careers.
61.According to Matt Rush,American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people  becauseC.
A.the government will cover production costs
B.global food supplies will be even lower
C.investment in agriculture will be profitable
D.America will increase its food export
62.What do the underlined words"to turn around the statistics"in the last paragraph mean?C
A.To re-analyze the result of the national census.
B.To increase agricultural production.
C.To bring down the average age of farmers.
D.To invest more in agriculture.
17.In a recent announcement,Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.
    Beginning this fall,a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new 60 million program,known as edX."Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses,"Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.
    MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2,000 classes free online.It has been used by more than 100 million people.In December,the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate,known as MITx,for people who complete certain online courses.Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.
    The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.
    MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120,000 people signed up for the first MITx course.She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open-source edX platform.
"Fasten your seatbelts,"Hockfield said.
Other universities,including Stanford,Yale and Carnegie-Mellon,have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.
The Harvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit(非盈利的)organization based in Cambridge,to be owned equally by the two universities.Both MIT and Harvard have provided 30 million to start the program.They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful.

53.According to this text,edX isC.
A.a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWare
B.a free computer program by MIT and Harvard
C.a Harvard-MIT platform of free online courses
D.a free program online for universities worldwide
54.What is said about online education in the text?A
A.Universities have been trying online courses.
B.About 2,000 online courses have been offered.
C.Over 100 million people have finished courses online.
D.Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX.
55.The underlined part in the text probably means"B".
A.Get ready for the difficulties
B.Get ready for this educational change
C.Get prepared to complete the online courses
D.Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses
56.What can be said about MITx according to the text?C
A.It is first offered as part of the edX learning program.
B.It is another free MIT-Harvard online learning program.
C.It is a standard to recognize online learners'achievement.
D.It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT.

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