Not being able to fall asleep or stay asleep is not a disorder in itself but a sign of some other problems, often a physical one.
If you have trouble sleeping, the American Sleep Disorders Association suggests that, for a week or two, you put down the time you go to bed, get up, exercise, and drink coffee, tea or wine.  The purpose is to find the habits that may affect your sleep.
Then:
a.      Don’t drink coffee in the six hours before going to bed.
b.      Stop smoking and drinking at bedtime.
c.      Don’t sleep during the day.
d.      Go to bed at the same time every night.  Set your alarm clock for the same time every morning and get up at that time, whether or not you sleep well.
e.      Use the bedroom only for sleep.  Read, watch TV, eat and talk elsewhere.
f.       Take sleeping pills according to your doctor’s directions and don’t take them for longer than three weeks at a time.
g.      If you haven’t fallen asleep within 15 minutes of going to bed, don’t turn over worrying about it.  Get up and read or watch TV until you are sleepy, then return to bed.
If you continue to have trouble sleeping, ask your doctor for help or go to a sleep-disorders center.
【小题1】 According to the passage, there is probably        if you are not able to fall 
asleep or stay asleep.

A.a bad way of sleepingB.a disorder in sleep
C.a physical reasonD.a problem caused by the brain
【小题2】If you have trouble sleeping, you should try to ______.
A.ask a doctor for help or go to a sleep-disorders center
B.put down the time you do things every day
C.do more physical exercise
D.find out the cause first
【小题3】According to the passage, which of the following would be the best way to help you sleep well?
A.Taking some sleeping pills every day.
B.Reading books before you go to bed.
C.Setting your alarm clock at night.
D.Forming good living habits.
【小题4】The author writes this article in order to ______.
A.tell us not being able to fall asleep is a serious disease
B.provide us with some suggestions on sleep problem
C.persuade us not to go to see the doctors when we are ill
D.help the American Sleep Disorders Association to find the causes of not being able to fall sleep

People who are outdoors in cold weather should avoid actions like suddenly lifting a heavy basket full of snow. Even walking through heavy, wet snow can strain a person’s heart.
Many people aren’t conditioned to the physical stress of outdoor activities and don’t know the dangers of being outdoors in cold weather. Those who like winter sports can suffer accidental hypothermia if they don’t make certain preparations.
Hypothermia means the body temperature has fallen below normal. It occurs when your body can’t produce enough energy to keep the internal (内部的) body temperature warm enough. It can kill you. Heart failure causes most deaths in hypothermia.
Children, the elderly and those with heart disease are at special risk. As people age, their ability to keep a normal internal body temperature often decreases. Elderly people can suffer hypothermia without knowing they’re in danger because they can’t notice the cold conditions as quickly as the young.
Besides cold temperatures, high winds,  snow and rain can also steal body heat. Wind is especially dangerous because it removes the layer of heated air from around your body. At 30 degrees Fahrenheit in a 20-mile-per-hour wind, the cooling effect is equal to calm air at four degrees. Similarly dampness (湿气) causes the body to lose heat faster than it would at the same temperature in drier conditions.
To keep warm, wear more clothes. This traps air between layers. Also, wear a hat or head scarf. Much of your body’s heat can be lost through your head. Keep your hands and feet warm, too, as they tend to lose heat rapidly.
Don’t drink alcohol before going outdoors or when outside. Alcohol makes you feel warm at first because blood vessels in the skin expand. But heat is then drawn away from the body’s important organs.
【小题1】The underlined word “strain” in Paragraph 1 means ________.

A.injureB.warmC.controlD.burn
【小题2】What is implied in the passage about hypothermia?
A.It means the body temperature falls rapidly.B.Most heart attacks are caused by it.
C.It is not as scary as people think.D.It can threaten a person’s life.
【小题3】 Based on the passage, one of the reasons why the elderly are at special risk of suffering from hypothermia is that _______.
A.they like exercising outside in cold mornings
B.they can’t notice cold conditions if they are not told
C.their body temperature is generally lower than young people’s
D.their ability to keep a normal internal body temperature is not so good
【小题4】What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A.What causes the body to lose heat faster.B.The advantages of drier conditions.
C.What else can steal body heat.D.Dangers of high winds.
【小题5】Which of the following is NOT a result of drinking alcohol before going outdoors?
A.Feeling warm at firstB.The body’s heat is taken away
C.Blood vessels in the skin expandD.The risk of hypothermia is reduced

Will it matter if you don't take your breakfast? Recently a test was given in the United States. Those tested included people of different ages, from 12 to 83. During the experi­ment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect than if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person works with his brains. If a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention to class.
Opposite(相反的) to what many people believe, if you don't eat breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch, and end up gaining weight instead of losing. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your lunch and super!
【小题1】During the test, those who were tested were given ________.

A.no breakfast at allB.very rich breakfasts
C.little food for breakfastD.different breakfast or none
【小题2】The results of the test show that ________.
A.breakfast has great effect on work and studies
B.breakfast has little to do with a person’s work
C.a person will work better if he has a simple breakfast
D.those working with brains should have much for breakfast
【小题3】The passage mentions that many people believe that if you don't eat breakfast, you will _________.
A.lose weightB.not lose weight
C.be healthierD.gain a lot of weight
【小题4】Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A.Poor breakfasts affect those who work with brains.
B.Morning diet may cause one person to get fatter.
C.Reducing lunch and supper is of less help in weight losing.
D.Eating less in lunch and supper may help to lose weight.
【小题5】According to the passage, if a student does not eat breakfast, ___________.
A.he will fall ill
B.he will not listen to his teacher
C.he will not make progress in his study
D.his mind will work more slowly


There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers(梦游者). People have been said to climb on roofs, solve mathematical problems, write music, walk through windows, and do murder in their sleep.
In Revere, Masachusctts, a hundred policemen scarched for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours later on a strange sofa in a strange living room, with no idea how he had got there.
At the University of Lowa, a student was reported to have the habit of getting up in the middle of the night and walking three—quarters of a mile to the lowa River. He would take a swim and then go back to his room to bed.
An American expert on sleep claims(声称) that he has never seen a sleepwalker. He is said to know more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty—five years he has lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. He says, “Of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers because I have read about them in the newspapers. But none of my sleepers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment, I doubt whether I would get many takers(应征者).”
Sleepwalking, however, is a scientific reality. It is one of those strange things that sometimes looks quite fantastic(奇特的). Doctors say that sleepwalking is much more common than is generally supposed. Many sleepwalkers do not try to find help and their sleepwalking is never recorded.
52. Generally speaking, sleepwalkers are people who __________.
A. climb on roofs                        B. walk through windows
C. do fantastic things during their sleep      D. walk in a half—awake state
53. It was reported that a boy ________.
A. was found on a strange sofa, telling how he had got there
B. slept in his own room but woke up in a strange room
C. lost his way five hours after he left home  
D. was searched for by policemen when he lost his way
54. There was a college student who got into the habit of ___________.
A. getting up in the middle of the night and walking down to the river
B. walking three—quarters of a mile every day
C. swimming in the lowa River before going to bed       
D. walking about before he went to bed
55. Why do people think sleepwalking is nothing but a fantastic thing which doesn’t have any explanation?
A. It is so common that it needn’t be recorded.     
B. Scientists take no interest in it.
C. Most sleepwalkers do not seek help for their problem. 
D. No records about it have been made.  

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