题目内容
Psychology(心理学) has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy(疗法) seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.
The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient's body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient's physical problems, but the patient's mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor's treatment must help the patient change that. Simonton's method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.
The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton's psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor(肿瘤) in the body. In the mental picture, the patient "sees" a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient's positive attitude fight the disease.
Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.
Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance(催眠状态). Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patient's mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.
Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic(慢性的)diseases. Asthma (哮喘) is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.
Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had Excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.
Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine.
【小题1】What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children. |
B.How modern therapy focuses on the disease. |
C.Responses from the medical world. |
D.How to use the mind against disease. |
A.The patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him. |
B.The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patient's problems. |
C.The doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease. |
D.The patient uses his mind to cure himself. |
A. The medical treatment can cure the patient's mental disease.
B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.
C. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.
D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.
【小题4】The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that .
A.the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without it |
B.the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cells |
C.the patients' attitudes towards themselves have changed |
D.the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them |
A.help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseases |
B.help the patients with chronic diseases |
C.help change some bad habits |
D.help cure patients of insomnia(失眠症) |
A.The value of mental therapy. |
B.The effectiveness of suggestion therapy. |
C.The working principle of suggestion therapy. |
D.The importance of psychology in medical treatment. |
【小题1】D
【小题1】C
【小题1】B
【小题1】C
【小题1】D
【小题1】C
解析
Gallows humor(黑色幽默) may seem like a mistake, or at least in poor taste. But psychologists say that gallows humor can be an important way to relieve stress.“Humor makes you feel in control and it can give you that feeling that everything is okay even when it’s not,”says James M.Jones, a psychology professor at the University of Delaware.
Psychologists say that just because you’re laughing doesn’t mean you’re wasting time. Occasional tease among colleagues, particularly if it is associated with the job, can inspire creativity, departmental cohesiveness(凝聚力) and performance.
“There are a lot of stresses out there,”says Ed Dunkelblau, a psychologist in Chicago.“Gallows humor is a way of making difficult things a little less difficult.”
This is as long as the humor is used for the right purpose. The main point of it should be inspiring people—not laughing at them. “Anything that would lift morale(士气) in terms of the company would be good humor,”says Thierry Guedj, a professor.
You want to give your employees and co-workers a sense of belonging, so don’t make observations that are aggressive. Most obviously, Dr. Guedj says, don’t make comments about people’s physical appearance or faith. If you have any doubt about its appropriateness, don’t go through with it.
Or you can take aim at the person that you know won’t be offended(冒犯): yourself. “If there’s going to be a joke or story, it should be you,”Mr Dunkelblau says.
“People with the ability to laugh at themselves can give other people permission to laugh at themselves, too,”Mr Jones says.“And if you can laugh at yourself, you feel better about yourself.”
1.According to the passage, gallows humor has the following functions EXCEPT .
A.leading to a big mistake |
B.reducing pressure |
C.making people more creative |
D.improving performance |
2.What is Ed Dunkelblau’s attitude towards gallows humor?
A.Negative. |
B.Positive. |
C.Neutral.(中立的) |
D.Uncertain. |
3.When people use gallows humor, they should .
A.observe who is aggressive |
B.show a sense of belonging |
C.doubt about the result of humor |
D.try to avoid involving private things |
4.What can we infer from the passage?
A.People tend to laugh at others rather than themselves. |
B.Laughing at yourself can make others free from stress. |
C.People can’t avoid offending others with gallows humor. |
D.People who laugh at themselves are easy to gain others’ permission. |
Why does the rate of heart attacks increase during the World Cup football finals? How can we help an overweight patient to lose weight? They’re just some of the topics covered in a new book by University of Sussex academics, which is helping student doctors to consider the importance of psychology in medical practice.
Psychology for Medicine is the first textbook of its kind, providing medical trainees and new doctors with all the relevant psychological knowledge they need. Previously, students had to refer to many different books for the relevant psychology.
The book, by Sussex psychologists Dr. Sussex Ayers and Dr. Richard de Visser, has been well received by fellow academics and medical doctors and was finished with the help of the students and staff of the Brighton and Sussex Medical School. The students proofread(校对) the chapters, provided ideas for the content and even modeled for the photographs. The book provides a solid grounding in psychological study relevant to medicine, along with practical tips and advice for practice. One student, Simon Hall, drew cartoons for the book.
The study psychology is important for doctors for a number of reasons. Psychological and physical symptoms are highly related. Up to a third of patients will have psychological disorders, while physical causes are usually only found in around 15 per cent of people’s symptoms. In treatment, a lot of the effect drugs can be due to patients believing they will recover rather than the drug itself.
Dr. Ayers says, “The important thing about this book is that it’s applied science --- it shows why psychology is important to medicine and how we should use it. The book’s presentation is really important. It’s not just lots of theory, but full of tips and advice so that students can take what they learn in the classroom and apply it to real-life situations.”
1.The book Psychology for Medicine is mainly written for ________.
A.scientists |
B.overweight people |
C.patients |
D.student doctors |
2.What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A.The topics of the book. |
B.The comments on the book. |
C.The contributors to the book. |
D.The characteristics of the book. |
3.According to the text, the book Psychology for Medicine _________.
A.is a bit difficult to understand. |
B.is mainly about how to lose weight. |
C.included tips on training football players. |
D.focuses on the importance of psychology in treatment |
4.We can infer that the text is a(n) ______.
A.research report |
B.introduction to a book |
C.advertisement for a book |
D.introduction to a psychologist |