题目内容
IV.完形填空
A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 2 on obvious facts,and therefore refuses to accept authority (X 威) as the only 3 for truth. He always 4 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of 5 science may be considered to 6 as far back as the 7 of Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,who lived 8 the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle 9 to suggest that we should learn science 10 observing and experimenting on the things around us,and he himself 11 many important discoveries.
Galileo,however,who lived more than 300 years later,was the greatest of several great men,12 lived in Italy,France,Germany or England,and began by 13 to show how many important 14 could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo,learned men believed that large bodies fell more 15 towards the earth than small ones,16 Aristotle said so. But Galileo,going to the 17 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa,let fall two 18 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo's 19 of going direct to Nature,and proving our 20 and theories by experiments,that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
1. A. use B. time C. speed D. trust
2. A. worked B. based C. lived D. written
3. A. reason B. cause C. advice D. result
4. A. thinks B. checks C. has D. learns
5. A. natural B. physical C. ancient D. modern
6. A. date B. keep C. look D. take
7. A. study B. time C. year D. birth
8. A. both B. each C. between D. among 9 . A. Schools B. Ages C. Days D. Countries
10. A. in B. with C. to D. by
11. A. did B. made C. took D. gave
12. A. who B. when C. that D. where
13. A. ways B. degrees C. levels D. chance
14. A. truths B. problems C. people D. subjects
15. A. slowly B. rapidly C. lightly D. heavily
16. A. when B. because C. although D. if
17. A. place B. foot C. top D. ceiling
18. A. big B. small C. equal D. unequal
19. A. spirit B. skill C. theory D. discovery
20. A. plans B. opinions C. world D. ability
IV. 1. A解析:make full use of为固定短语， 意为“充分利用”，这里指“充分利用他所 观察的事实”。
2. B解析:be based on意为“以……为根 据”，这里指“以明显的事实为依据”。
3. A解析:此处语境为:好的科学家不认 为权威就是真理的理由。
reason意为 “理由，原因”，符合语境。
4. B解析:此处语境为:他总是仔细审核 观点并做实验来验证。
check意为“证 明;核对”，符合语境。
5. D解析:从本文最后一句可以推知，此 处应该是指“现代”科学。
6. A解析:date back (to…) 为固定短语， 意为“追溯到……”，符合语境。
keep back意为“阻止”；look back意为“回 顾”;take back意为“送还”。
7. B解析:此处语境为:现代科学的兴起 或许可以追溯到罗杰•培根时期。
time 此处意为“时代;时期”。
8. C解析:根据上下文，此处指的是生活 在1214年和1292年之间，而不是生活 在这两年，且“between…and…”为固定 搭配。
9. B解析：age此处意为“时代，时期”。
the Middle Ages 表示“中世纪”。
10. D解析：此处语境为：我们应该通过对周围的事物进行观察和实验来学习 科学。
by含有“靠，凭借”的意思，后常 接动名词，符合语境。
11. B解析：此处语境为：培根自己也有 很多重大发现。
make a discovery为固 定短语，意为“做出发现”。
12. A解析：此处为非限制性定语从句， 先行词是 several great men ,故用 who 引导。
13. B解析：by degrees为固定短语，相当 于gradually,意为“渐渐地，逐渐地”。
14. A解析:根据语境，此处指通过观察、 实验来发现“真理”，故选A项。
15. B解析：在伽利略之前的学者认为， 大的物体比小的降落速度快，故用 rapidly,意为“迅速地”。
16. B解析:当时的人们把亚里士多德当 作权威，因此人们对他的观点深信不 疑。
because引导原因状语从句。
17. C解析:此处指这一实验是在比萨斜 塔的顶上进行的，故选top。
place意为 “位置，地方”；foot意为“底部”；ceiling 意为“天花板”。
18. D解析：根据上文所述，人们相信大 物体总比小物体下落快。为了做实验 来推翻亚里士多德的这一观点，伽利略 到比萨斜塔的顶部同时放下两个“体积 不等”的石块。
19. A解析：从上文可以看出，这就是伽 利略直接走向大自然的精神。
spirit意 为“精神”。
20. B解析:伽利略通过实验证明我们的 观点和理论的精神，引领了所有现代科 学的发现。
opinion意为“观点”。
