阅读理解. The best way to come first is to go last. An analysis of almost 50 years of competitions-including Eurovision Song Contests and world skating championships-has found that contestants are more l 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

阅读理解。

     The best way to come first is to go last. An analysis of almost 50 years of competitions—including
Eurovision Song Contests and world skating championships—has found that contestants are more likely
to win if they are among the last to appear before the judges.
     The study by an American university appears to provide scientific proof that the best man, or woman,
does not always win.
     It found that, on average, the last competitor to appear in the Eurovision Song Contest was more than
twice as likely to win as the one who went on first.
     The first rounds of figure-skating championships, for which the running order is selected at random,
showed more dramatic results. The final skater had a 14 percent chance of victory, making him or her
more than four times as likely to win as the first skater.
     The study showed a gradual worsening of chances for competitors who appeared earlier in the
running order. A contestant who appears first in a contest is two percent less likely to win than one who
appears second. A contestant who appears second is two percent less likely to win than one who
appears third, and so on.
     The findings are published in the March issue of Acta Psychologica, a scientific journal.
     Robert Hardman, a senior lecturer in psychology at London Metropolitan University who specializes
in the science of decision-making, said that the results were interesting. He suggested that the effect was
caused by the limitations of the human memory.
     "When people make comparisons, they aren't really able to make a lot of fine-grade discrimination.
When contestants appear at the beginning of a contest, judges have little to compare them to and are
perhaps wary (谨慎的) of the scores they give," he said.
     "Later on, when judges are able to compare the contestants to those that have gone before, they
might give more extreme marks because they feel more confident about their judgments."

1. Robert Hardman's words mainly tell about his _____.

A. own achievement in the research
B. explanation for the findings
C. suggestion to solve the problem
D. comments on the findings

2. The first skater in the first round of figure skating championships had about a ____ percent
chance of winning.

A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five

3. According to the study, the best competitor does not always win possibly because he/she _____ .

A. fails to show his/her very best
B. is mistakenly put in the running order
C. meets with unfair judges
D. appears too early before the judges

4. Judging from the context, the underlined word "worsening" in the 5th paragraph should mean _____ .

A. decrease in number
B. increase in degree
C. reduction in possibility
D. rising in quantity

5. What may be a problem with the judges according to the article?

A. They can't remember things well enough.
B. They believe the first is seldom the best.
C. They don't really know what is good.
D. They show favor towards the contestants they like.

1-5: BBDCA

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阅读理解

　　A Nobel Prize is considered by most people one of the highest international honours a person can receive．As you know, the prizes were started by a Swede called Alfred Nobel．Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, and lived from 1833 to 1896．

　　Alfred Nobel was a chemist and inventor．He made two important inventions, and so he became very rich．Although he was rich, Nobel was not a happy man．He never married or had children．Also, he was a sick man in a large part of his life．Nobel died at the age of sixty-three．When he died, he left a fund of ＄9, 000, 000．The money was to be used in giving prizes to those who made outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and the promotion of world peace．

　　The first Nobel Prizes were given on December 10 th, 1901, five years after Nobel's death．Many famous people from all over the world have been given Nobel Prizes for their achievements．Albert Einstein was one of them．

　　Each Prize has three parts．The first part is a gold medal．Second, a winner of a Nobel Prize is given a diploma saying that he has been given the Prize．The third part of the Prize is a large amount of money－about ＄40, 000．

　　Often a Prize is given to just one person, but not always．Sometimes a Prize is shared．It may be given to two or three people who have worked together．Sometimes a Prize is not given at all if there is no outstanding achievement．In 1972, for example, no Nobel Peace Prize was given．It is the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm that decides whether to give the Prize or not．

(1)

Most people think that the Nobel Prize is ________ a person can receive．
[　　]
A．	the highest honour in the world
B．	one of the highest international honours
C．	a higher honour than others
D．	as high as any other honour

(2)

A Nobel Prize is made up of ________．
[　　]
A．	a gold medal and a large amount of money
B．	a gold medal and a diploma
C．	a gold medal and a diploma and a large amount of money
D．	a diploma and a large amount of money

(3)

A Nobel Prize is given to ________ each year．
[　　]
A．	just one person
B．	one person
C．	not always one person
D．	three persons

(4)

When he died, Nobel left an amount of money ________．
[　　]
A．	to his wife and his children
B．	to the university he used to study in
C．	to his parents and his students
D．	to be spent on setting five prizes

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
The National Outline for Medium and Long Term Education Reform and Development (2010 - 20) was released over the weekend. Here are some of the highlights:
Four – percent effort
The government says spending on education will be 4 percent of GDP by 2012. globally, average spending on education is about 4.5% of GDP. China spend 3,33% in 2008. according to Hu Angang, of Tsinghua University’s Center for China Studies, even if China reaches that goal, it will only rank about 100 th out of 188 countries.
Administrative rank
Administrative rankings for school leaders are to be phased out to tackle the bureaucracy (官僚机构) problem that limits educational development, according to Cheng Fangping, of the national Institute for Educational Research. Areas like teaching programs, scientific research, and technological development will be more independent.
Vocational Education
The system will be free of charge. According to Wu Yan, of Beijing Institute of Educational Sciences, this will be key to developing China’s production capacity and will improve poor people’s lives dramatically.
Entering college
Universities could eventually have the freedom to choose some of their own high school applicants. Normally, students are accepted based on the uniform national exam scores. Also, students who agree to go to a remote area could be admitted to university under special circumstances. The most likely change could come on the college entrance English test, which might be modeled on the IELTS or TOEFL. Students will be able to take it several times and pick their best score.
56．Which of the following is true in the future according to the passage?
A．Applicants could take the IELTS or TOEFL instead of the college entrance English test.
B．Colleges will be given the right to choose all of their own applicants.
C．Vocational education will be party free to make people’s lives better.
D．Applicants could sit for the college entrance English test more than once.
57．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “uniform” in the last paragraph?
A．formal B．official C．same D．united
58．We can learn from the passage even though our country spends 4% of GDP on education in 2012, ________.
A．there will still be 188 countries ahead of China in this aspect
B．China will certainly overtake the global average spending on education
C．there might be nearly 100 countries ahead of China in this aspect
D．China will be the 100 th country to spend over the global average on education
59．From the third paragraph, we can infer that________.
A．school leaders will have more freedom to manage the school
B．schools will have more limits from the government
C．School administrative rankings are to be strengthened to solve the bureaucracy problem
D．schools and research centers will be fully independent from the government

第二部分：阅读理解（第一节20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分）

第一节：阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

Being interested in a theme park since the time that I was a child, I have learned a thing or two over the years about packing for a day of fun. A trip to a theme park is always a adventure, but if you’re not prepared, your day of fun could easily turn into a tiny little nightmare(噩梦). It is important to pack long sleeved(带袖的) shirts or jackets for all members of your family. I is also a good idea to pack an extra pair of socks for each member of the family, especially the children, as those wonderful water rides can be fun, but wet socks that won’t dry aren’t so much fun.

You don’t want to pack too much food, as you will probably want to experience at least some of the food offered at the theme park of your choice(that’s half of the fun), but it’s always a good idea to bring some energy increasing snacks, such as fruit,trail mix,etc. This can mean the difference between spending a lot of money on snacks or a little money on one or two good meals.

Theme parks,while fun and exciting, can wear a person out,especially a child, so it’s important to keep hydrated(含水的). I would suggest packing one bottle of water per person, and possibly a couple of cans of soda or bottles of juice as well.

It’s a good idea to have at least two cell phones or even a set of “walkie-talkies” in the event that your family gets,separated in the park. It’s a good idea to give one of these things to the children and one to the parents and make sure that each of them knows how to use it. This could be the difference between trouble and a happy ending,

1.You should get well prepared before going to a theme park__________.

A. because the trip always costs much money

B.because there are always too many people in a theme park.

C. so as not to suffer from bad dreams when going back

D.so as to cut down your trip expenses and have more fun

2.From the passage, we can know_______________.

A.the author was fond of visiting theme parks when he was a child

B.wearing wet socks in a theme park will bring children much fun

C.it is terrible to have a taste of the food offered in a theme park.

D. we’d better bring enough food, clothing and water when going to a theme park

3.What does th underlined part”walkie-talkies” in the last paragraph probably refer to?

A. A kind of transportation tool B.A kind of musical instrument

C.A kind of CDplayer D.A kind of phone

4.How many types of things does the author advise us to pack for day trips to a theme park?

A Three B.Five C.Six D. Eight

阅读理解.

      Advertising is a form of communication that uses all kinds of media, and is visible
everywhere these days. Typical customers of advertising companies are other companies,
or businessmen, who want to persuade potential customers to buy more of what they
make or sell. But there are other kinds of customers. Some organizations spend large
sums of money on advertising a political party or other group that sells what is not, strictly
speaking, a product or service. Such non - profit organizations are not typical advertising
customers, and they prefer ways of spreading knowledge, changing attitudes, and
improving society.
     Many advertisements are designed to increase sales of products and services by either
improving brand image or, in the case of non - profit organizations, expressing ideas. In
order to achieve th~s, advertisements will often pass on truthful information while delivering
their messages. Every major medium is a means of delivering these messages, including
television, radio, cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet and billboards
(大幅广告牌). Advertising will usually be created and. placed by an advertising agency
on behalf of company or other organization.
     Spending on advertising has increased greatly in recent years. In 2006, spending was
estimated at $155 billion in the United States and $385 billion worldwide; the latter is
expected to reach more than $500 billion by 2010.
     While advertising can be seen as a necessity for economic growth and social
development, it is not without social costs. Advertisement emails and other forms of junk
mail have become so popular that ~they have become a major burden to users of I
nternet email services, as well as a financial burden on Internet email service providers.

Title: 1. _______
2. ______	●For- profit organizations, such as other companies and businessmen ●3. _____ organizations including 4. ____ parties and other interest groups
Purposes	●Persuade 5. ____ customers and 6. ____ sales ●Spread knowledge ●Change attitudes ●Improve society
7. ____	●Improve brand image ●Express ideas
8. _____	●Has increased constantly in recent years
Opinions	●Its advantages are that it supports economic 9. ____ and social development. ●It is also a major burden for both users and 10. ____ of Internet email service.

阅读理解。

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