题目内容

Often we take for granted the many household items we use every day. It is difficult to imagine there was a time in the past when these inventions did not exist. Actually, several of the most common inventions have been with us for quite some time. Inventions like toothbrush, contact lenses(隐形眼镜), and credit cards came into use long ago.

   The first toothbrush was introduced in China in the late 1400s but it was only 300 years later that this simple tool came into common use in Europe. By the nineteenth century, a variety of paste and powder cleaners were available throughout Europe as dental(牙齿的) care became more widespread. The first tube of toothpaste hit the market in Great Britain in 1891.

 There is evidence to show that the first contact lenses were actually suggested by an astronomer, Sir John Herschel, in 1827. However, SirJohn Herschel was never able to create a working model of his idea. It was not until 1887 that a Swiss doctor from Zurich, Dr. Eugen Frick, came up with a workable process for producing precision (精密)lenses. Dr. Frick designed a new method for producing contact lenses,and the Zeiss factory in Germany  began to produce contact lenses.

 Credit cards have also been available for many years. They have been in use in the United States since the 1920s. At first, these cards were only used to buy gas in the quickly growing automobile service industry. Then, in the 1950s, Diners Club introduced the first general-purpose credit card. Today, credit cards such as Master Card, Visa, and American Express are commonly used by travelers around the world.

    While it may be true that some of the greatest inventions and discoveries in history came about by chance, the majority of inventions that simplify our lives today came about through careful research and patient study. Of course, it still holds true that even with all the comforts of modern technology, inventors continue to search for ways of helping all of us get out of doing those necessary but tedious (乏味的) tasks which we still face. As the old saying goes, “Necessity is the mother of invention.”

1.From the second paragraph we can learn that _____.

A. toothbrushes came into common use in Europe in the 17th century

B. people could enjoy a variety of paste and powder cleaners in the 18th century

C. more and more people paid attention to dental care throughout Europe in the 19th century

D. the English could use different kinds of tubes of toothpaste in the early 19th century

2.All of the following made a contribution to the invention and use of contact lenses EXCEPT _______.

A. Diners Club                       B. Sir John Herschel

C. Dr Eugen Frick                    D. the Zeiss factory

3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the fourth paragraph?

A. Credit cards have a history of about two hundred years.

B. Three kinds of credit cards are being used in the USA.

C. The use of credit cards is closely related to the economic development.

D. American Express is only used by American travelers now.

4.The last paragraph mainly tells us that ______.

A. the greatest inventions came about by chance

B. inventions came about through careful research and patient study

C. inventors still continue to make inventions

D. necessity is the mother of invention

 

【答案】

 

1.C

2.A

3.C

4.D

【解析】

试题分析:

1.这是细节理解题。根据By the nineteenth century, a variety of paste and powder cleaners were available throughout Europe as dental care became more widespread.可以看出应选C

2.这是细节理解题。根据第三自然段There is evidence to show that the first contact lenses were actually suggested by an astronomer, Sir John Herschel, in 1827 It was not until 1887 that a Swiss doctor from Zurich, Dr. Eugen Frick, came up with a workable process for manufacturing precision lenses. Dr. Frick designed a new method for producing contact lenses, which led the Zeiss factory in Germany to begin manufacturing contact lenses.可知应选A

3.这是推理判断题。根据They have been in use in the United States since the 1920s. At first, these cards were only used to buy gas in the quickly growing automobile service industry. Then, in the 1950s, Diners Club introduced the first general-purpose credit card. Today, credit cards such as Master Card, Visa, and American Express are commonly used by travelers around the world.可知信用卡的使用和经济的增长有密切的关系。故选C

4.这是总结段落大意题。短文的最后一句点题,是中心句,故选D

考点:这是一篇说明文。

点评:文中介绍了牙刷、隐形眼镜、信用卡的发明及使用的历史情况。做总结段意题要找出段落的中心句,一般情况是在段落的开头或末尾。

 

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I had an experience some years ago, which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to hold two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died “ full of years”, as the Bible would say. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence(吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.

At the first home, the son of the deceased(已故的)woman said to me, “ If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It’s my fault that she died.” At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, “ If only I hadn’t insisted on my mother’s going to Florida, she would be alive today.. that long airplane ride, the sudden change of climate, was more than she could take. It’s my fault that she’s dead.”

You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course—keeping Mother at home, putting off the operation—would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?

There are seem to be two elements involved in our willingness to feel guilty. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens that leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.

The second element is the view that we are the cause of what happens , especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believe that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood.

A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him , and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that childish view that our wishes cause things to happen.

1.What is said about the two diseased elderly women?

A.They lived out a natural life

B.They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride

C.They weren’t used to the change in weather.

D.They died due to lack of care by family members.

2.The author had to conduct the two women’s funerals probably because ______.

A.he wanted to comfort the two families

B.he was an official from the community

C.he had great pity for the deceased

D.he was minister of the local church

3.People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because _____.

A.they couldn’t find a better way to express their sorrow

B.they believe that they were responsible

C.they had neglected the natural course of events

D.they didn’t know things often turn in the opposite direction

4.According to the passage, the underlined part in paragraph 4 probably means that_____.

A.everything in the world is predetermined

B.the world can be interpreted in different ways

C.there is an explanation for everything in the world

D.we have to be sensible in order to understand the world

5.What’s the idea of the passage?

A.Life and death is an unsolved mystery.

B.Every story should have a happy ending.

C.Never feel guilty all the time because not every disaster is our fault.

D.In general, the survivors will feel guilty about the people who passed away.

 

A few days ago I got a call from my old college friend whom I haven’t seen for a very long time. The topic, which was about all the good old times that we had changed to a touching story when he started talking about his father.  

His father’s declining health made him stay at the hospital. Because of his illness, his father suffered from insomnia (失眠) and often talked to himself. My friend, who had not been able to sleep for a few days as he had to keep watching his father’s condition, became irritated and told his father to keep silent and try to get some sleep. His father said that he really wanted to sleep well because he was very tired and told my friend to leave him alone in the hospital if he did not want to keep him company.  

After his father finished talking, he fell unconscious (失去知觉). My friend was very sorry for speaking the ill words towards his father. My friend, whom I knew as a tough person, cried as a baby on the other end of the telephone. He said that from that moment on, he prayed every day, asking God to let his father wake up from his coma. He promised himself that whatever words came out from his father’s mouth after he regained his consciousness, he would gladly take them. His only hope for God was to give him a chance to rectify his past mistake.  

Often, we complain when we have to accompany or watch over our parents for years, months, days, hours or even minutes. But do we realize that our parents keep us company and watch over us for as long as we (or they) live? From the day we were born to our adulthood, and even when deaths come to us, they are always at our side.

    Imagine how sad our parents will be when they hear a seemingly innocent word of “no” come out from our mouths. We can make promises to ourselves that from now on there will be no more complaints that come out from our mouths when we have to watch over or accompany our parents. No more complaints come out from our mouths when we feel that our parents have treated us like little children. There are so many unlucky ones who have neither fathers nor mothers. They long to have the things that we most complain about, but never have them.

    Actually, it takes only a second to think and light the lamp that will bring us to a place where peace is dwelling.

1.Which of the following word can be used to describe the writer’s friend?

A. Sad      B. Sorry      C. Regretful        D. Pitiful

2.What does the underlined word “rectify” mean in Para. 3?

A. put…right    B. recite…by heart   C. realize    D. recognize

3.What does the writer want to tell us in the passage?

A. Your parents will keep talking to themselves when they are old.

B. Be good to your parents when you still have the chance.

C. You will regret in your life if you don’t show your kindness to your parents.

D. It is not easy to take good care of sick old parents.

 

I had an experience some years ago, which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to hold two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died “full of years”, as the Bible would say. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence (吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.

At the first home, the son of the deceased (已故的) woman said to me, “If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow , she would be alive today. It’s my fault that she died.” At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, “If only I hadn’t insisted on my mother’s going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the sudden change of climate, was more than she could take. It’s my fault that she’s dead.”

You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course — keeping Mother at home, putting off the operation — would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?

There seem to be two elements involved in our willingness to feel guilty. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.

The second element is the view that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood.

A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that childish view that our wishes cause things to happen.

1.The author had to hold the two women’s funerals probably because     .

A.he wanted to comfort the two families

B.he was an official from the community

C.he had great pity for the deceased

D.he was priest of the local church

2.People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because     .

A.they couldn’t find a better way to express their sorrow

B.they believe that they were responsible

C.they had neglected the natural course of events

D.they didn’t know things often turn out in the opposite direction

3.According to the passage, the underlined part in paragraph 4 probably means that     .

A.everything in the world is predetermined

B.the world can be interpreted in different ways

C.there’s an explanation for everything in the world

D.we have to be sensible in order to understand the world

4.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A.Life and death is an unsolved mystery.

B.Every story should have a happy ending.

C.Never feel guilty all the time because not every disaster is our fault.

D.In general, the survivors will feel guilty about the people who passed away .

 

I had an experience some years ago, which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to hold two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died “full of years”, as the Bible would say. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence(吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.

At the first home, the son of the deceased(亡故的)woman said to me, “If only I sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It’s my fault that she died. ”At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, “If only I hadn’t insisted on my mother’s going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the sudden change of climate, was more than she could take. It’s my fault that she’s dead.”

You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course keeping Mother at home, putting off the operation would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?

There seem to be two elements involved in our willingness to feel guilty. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.

The second element is the view that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood.

A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to his tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that childish view that our wishes cause things to happen.

1.The author had to conduct the two women’s funerals probably because____.

A.he was minister of the local church

B.he wanted to comfort the two families

C.he was an official from the community

D.he had great pity for the deceased

2.People feel guilty for the death of their loved ones because ____.

A.they couldn’t find a better way to express their sorrow.

B.they had neglected the natural course of events

C.they believed that they were responsible

D.they didn’t know things often turn in the opposite direction

3.According to the passage, the underlined part in paragraph 4 probably means that _____

A.everything in the world is predetermined

B.there’s an explanation for everything in the world

C.the world can be interpreted in different ways

D.we have to be sensible in order to understand the world

4. What’s the idea of the message?

A.Life and death is an unsolved mystery

B.Never feel guilty all the time because not every disaster is our fault

C.Every story should have a happy ending

D.In general, the survivors will feel guilty about the people who passed away

 

 I told my friend Graham that I often cycle t miles to my company, but unfortunately there is a big hill on my way. He replied, “You are    1   .” He explained that I should be thankful for the extra exercise that the hill provided.

My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to    2    as I approached it, but now I think that this hill will exercise my heart and lungs and it will    3    me to lose weight and get fit. This hill is my friend. I even feel sorry for those who    4    to go to a gym and sit on exercise bicycles    5    I can get the same value for free.

We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university    6   . She wrote, “Character cannot be developed    7   . Only through experiences of trial and    8    can the soul be strengthened, ambition    9    and success achieved.”

One of the main factors of success in life is our attitude towards adversity (逆境).    10   we face hardships, problems and difficulties. We cannot    11    the adversity, but we can choose our attitude towards it. Douglas Bader was twenty-one when he had both legs cut off following a flying     12   . He was determined to fly again and became one of the leading    13    in Britain. He said, “Don’t listen to anyone    14    tells you that you can’t do this or that. That’s nonsense. Go to school, and join in all the games you can. Make up your mind, and you’ll succeed.”

Great people rise from adversity. Their common quality is that they did not become    15    in face of adversity. They chose to be positive. They took on the challenge and they won.

1.  A. unlucky          B. smart                C. lucky                D. brave

2. A. cry               B. smile                C. sing             D. complain

3. A. advise                B. persuade         C. help             D. expect

4. A. decide                B. manage           C. seem             D. pay

5. A. before                B. while                C. where                D. unless

6. A. degree                B. position         C. course               D. paper

7. A. with fear         B. at work          C. on purpose           D. in ease

8.  A. happiness            B. travel               C. learning         D. suffering

9.  A. inspired         B. developed            C. damaged          D. formed

10.     A. From time to time    B. Day and night        C. Around the clock D. For the time being

11. A. accept               B. recognize            C. stand                D. choose

12. A. accident         B. incident         C. experience           D. test

13. A. soldiers         B. doctors          C. pilots               D. writers

14. A. while                B. whose                C. whom             D. who

15. A. encouraged           B. puzzled          C. defeated         D. shocked

 

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