题目内容

Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day.“I was a clothes addict（有瘾的人）”he jokes.“I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual（不经意的，随意的） clothes—khaki pants （裤子）and a sports shirt—to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie.“I am working harder than ever.”David says,“and I need to feel comfortable.”
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. In the United States, the change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday（but only on Friday）.This became known as“dress-down Friday”or“casual Friday”.“What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.”said business Maisly Jones.
Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code.” “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company,“so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative（保守的）dress code.”Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale（心境，士气）. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative influence on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,”one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”
小题1:David Smith refers to himself as having been“a clothes addict,”because      .
A．he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt
B．he couldn’t stand a clean appearance
C．he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time
D．he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes
小题2:David Smith wears casual clothes now, because      .
A．they make him feel at ease when working
B．he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes
C．he looks handsome in casual clothes
D．he no longer works for any company
小题3:According to this passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.
B．Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 90s.
C．“Dress-down Friday”was first given as a favor from employers.
D．Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.
小题4:In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned EXCEPT_______
A．saving employees’ moneyB．making employees more attractive
C．improving employees’ motivationD．making employees happier

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B

试题分析：从20 世纪90 年代起,美国许多公司开始允许员工星期五可以不统一着装上班。现在越来越多的公司许可领员工穿便装上班了,这对调节他们的心情,调动其工作热情有一定的作用。
小题1:语义理解题。大卫自嘲以前是服装爱好者,衣服一起皱,他就得换上备穿的服装。选C
小题2:语义理解题。从第 1 段最后一句话 "I'm working harder than ever," David says, "and I need to feel comfortable." 可找到答案。选A
小题3:细节判断题。从第 2 段最后 1句"What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing." 可以做出正确判断。选C
小题4:推断题。通读最后一段可知选项A(为雇员省钱)、B(提高雇员的工作热情)、D(使雇主高兴)在原文中均被提到,只有B 未被提到。选B。
点评：这篇文章比较抽象，关键在于理解，理解了文章主旨后，根据具体的题目找到相应的信息句，进行判断，所有的问题迎刃而解。
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Schools and parents in Shenzhen City have been asked to take better care of children’s eyesight as 45 percent of them, were found to be shortsighted. Too much reading, poor lighting and too much TV are blamed. Of the city’s high school graduates who applied to attend college this summer, two-thirds had to have their choices limited because of poor eyesight, Shenzhen Special Zone Daily said.
小题1:This piece of news was reported by____ .
A．People’s Daily B．Shenzhen Special Zone Daily
C．school in Shenzhen CityD．parents in Shenzhen City
小题2:The purpose of this passage is to _____ .
A．criticize children who are shortsighted
B．blame parents and schools for children’s being shortsighted
C．ask the high school graduates to pay attention to their eyesight
D．draw people’s special attention to eye hygiene(卫生)
小题3:Only____ of the children in Shenzhen City have good eyesight.
A．55 percentB．less than halfC．45 percentD．two—thirds
小题4:Because of being shortsighted many school graduates_____ .
A．weren’t allowed to enter college
B．couldn’t graduate from high school
C．couldn’t choose to study what they liked best
D．lost their limited time
Good afternoon, everyone,
I’d like to introduce my friend Christy to you all. Christy is a great example of how one person with 1   can make her dream a reality, so she should win the Student of the Year Award.
Christy loves to ride bikes. She does not just ride along city streets, 2   . She is interested in 3    trail (小路) rides. 4    Christy knew that people who love riding had to travel 5   the city to locate good bike trails, so she 6   to do something.
Christy knew that Roosevelt Park had a clean, lively creek（小溪）7   through it. 12 miles of land around the creek was 8   used. Christy decided to get together with other trail9  to ask the city council to 10  a bike path along the unused land. Christy   11  a petition (请愿书). She and other riders asked all of their biking friends if they would12   the list, and they gathered 300 signatures. The city council evaluated the 13   and, more 14  , agreed to allow the bike trail.
The 15   took two months of work, and now Roosevelt Park has a 16   bike trail. It has many ups and downs; it is a great ride. This trail is becoming one of the community’s important 17   spots. I can’t 18   with Christy when we ride together, but I am glad that she decided to work hard to begin the 19     of the Roosevelt Park bike path. Christy 20   this award because she acted on her dream, causing a community to come together.
Thank you!
小题1:
A．patienceB．satisfactionC．determinationD．permission
小题2:
A．stillB．insteadC．eitherD．though
小题3:
A．toughB．vacantC．convenientD．remote
小题4:
A．HoweverB．AsC．ButD．Since
小题5:
A．aroundB．beyondC．alongD．outside
小题6:
A．expectedB．decidedC．offeredD．claimed
小题7:
A．runningB．goingC．comingD．walking
小题8:
A．oftenB．everC．seldomD．even
小题9:
A．runnersB．playersC．passengersD．riders
小题10:
A．approveB．applyC．proveD．accuse
小题11:
A．formedB．developedC．drewD．described
小题12:
A．writeB．viewC．callD．sign
小题13:
A．demandB．requestC．invitationD．scheme
小题14:
A．importantlyB．naturallyC．obviouslyD．necessarily
小题15:
A．destructionB．organizationC．constructionD．protection
小题16:
A．interestingB．competingC．parkingD．rewarding
小题17:
A．matchB．exerciseC．playD．game
小题18:
A．put upB．keep upC．end upD．turn up
小题19:
A．discoveryB．inventionC．creationD．collection
小题20:
A．deservesB．preservesC．reservesD．serves
So there are four of them in this car heading north from Coleman in the heart of Texas to the town of Abilene (阿比林), some 53 miles away. It is a hot day, and the drive is dusty and boring. Someone has had the bright idea to interrupt a nice family game of dominoes (多米诺) to go on a four-hour round-trip to eat at a really not very good restaurant.
When they are back home again, one family member admits that she hasn’t enjoyed herself all that much. One by one they all confess that they would rather have stayed at home. “I only went along with it because I thought the rest of you wanted to go,” says everyone. No one wanted to go to Abilene. It had just happened.
This story was first told by Professor Jerry Harvey in an article published in 1974 called The Abilene Paradox (悖论) and other meditations on management. It offers a wonderful insight into the way that decisions can sometimes just emerge, without ever being consciously “made”.
Whether they mean to or not, groups exert a pressure to conform (顺从). A senior management team can find itself a long way down the track to a bad decision without realizing that the idea has very little support around the table.
Close-knit (组织严密的) teams are easily influenced by the pull of groupthink. The late Professor Janis suggested several ways in which teams can avoid it. Two key steps are to invite experts from outside into meetings, and to appoint at least one person to the role of “devil’s advocate” — a role that should be played by different people in different meetings.
小题1:The four family members have decided to go on a four-hour round-trip to the town of Abilene because _______.
A．they really like the restaurant they are going to
B．they are tired of the game they have been playing
C．they have not been to Abilene for a long time
D．everyone thinks all the other family members want to go
小题2:When they are back home, they find that______.
A．they have not really trusted each other
B．they have all enjoyed the trip except one family member
C．they would have had a better time if they had stayed at home
D．they have all had a good time although none of them wanted to go
小题3:A senior management team can make a bad decision because ______.
A．the idea has the support of everyone around the table
B．everyone on the team is too tired to think clearly
C．the group puts a pressure to conform
D．they understand what each member means
小题4:According to Professor Janis, at least one person should be appointed to the role of “devil’s advocate ” at each meeting so that _______.
A．the pull of groupthink can be avoided
B．each member will play a different role
C．team members can agree with each other more easily
D．experts from the outside can be invited into meetings
When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall, they will be joined by a new face: Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who will become Oxford’s vice-chancellor –– a position equal to university president in America.
Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc. have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel (人员) tend to head in only one direction: Outward from America.
The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board finally picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a particularly American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.
Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student numbers. The decline in government support has made fund-raising an increasingly necessary ability among administrators (管理人员), and has made hiring committees hungry for Americans.
In the past few years, well-known schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2011, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen (监督) “ a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position”.
Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective (视角) on established practices.
小题1: What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the text?
A．Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.
B．More international students are being admitted to American universities.
C．University presidents are paying more attention to fund-raising.
D．A lot of activists are being hired as administrators.
小题2: What do we learn about European universities from the text?
A．The tuition they charge has been rising considerably.
B．They are strengthening their position by globalization.
C．Their operation is under strict government control.
D．Most of their money comes from the government.
小题3: In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?
A．They can improve the university’s image.
B．They will bring with them more international personnel.
C．They will view a lot of things from a new angle.
D．They can set up new academic subjects.
小题4: Which of the following would make the best title of the text?
A．High Education Globalization
B．Global Headhunting in Higher Education
C．Global Higher Education Cooperation
D．Universal Higher Education Development
My elder brother Steve, in the absence of my father who died when I was six, gave me important lessons in values（价值观念） that helped me grow into an adult.
Steve taught me to face the results of my behavior. Once when I returned in tears from a Saturday baseball game, it was Steve who asked me what happened. When I explained that my baseball had soared through Mrs. Holt’s basement window, breaking the glass with a crash, Steve encouraged me to admit to her. Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs. Holt, I offered to pay for the window from my pocket money if she would return my ball.
I also learned from Steve that personal property（财产） is a sacred（神圣的） thing. After I found a shiny silver pen in my fifth-grade classroom, I wanted to keep it, but Steve explained that it might be important to someone else in spite of the fact that it had little value. He reminded me of how much I’d hate to lose to someone else the small dog my father made with a piece of cheap wood. I returned the pen to my teacher, Mrs. David, and still remembered the smell of her perfume (香水) as she patted me on the shoulder.
Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me, his respect for life is the most unforgetful in my mind. When I was twelve I killed an old brown sparrow(麻雀)in the yard with a BB gun. Excited, I screamed at Steve to come and take a look. I shall never forget the way he stood for a long moment and stared at the bird on the ground. Then in a dead, quiet voice, he asked, “Did it hurt you first, Mark?” I didn’t know what to answer. He continued with his eyes firm, “The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is when it hurts you first, and then you think a long, long time.” I really felt terrible then, but that moment stands out as the most important lesson my brother taught me.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．The relationship between Mark and Steve.
B．The important lessons Mark learned in school.
C．Steve’s important role in Mark’s growth stage.
D．Mark and Steve’s respect for living things.
小题2:When Mark admitted his mistakes to Mrs. Holt, he ____.
A．was surprised B．felt frightened
C．was light-heartedD．cried before her
小题3:From the third paragraph, we can know that Mark _____.
A．had a shiny silver pen B．respected his teacher
C．hated his father very much D．once owned a small wooden dog
小题4:To Mark, which is the most important lesson Steve taught him?
A．Respecting life.B．Being responsible for one’s behavior.
C．Being honest.D．Respecting others’ property
Angry Birds is a video game developed by Finnish computer game developer Rovio Mohile. Inspired primarily by a sketch of stylized wingless birds, the game was first released for Apple’s mobile operating system in December 2009.Since then, over 12 million copies of the game have been purchased from Apple’s App Store.
With its fast-growing popularity worldwide, the game and its characters---angry birds and their enemy pigs---have appeared in television programs throughout the world. The Israeli comedy A Wonderful Country ,one of the nation’s most popular TV programs, satirized(讽刺) recent failed Israeli-Palestinian peace attempts by featuring the Angry Birds in peace negotiations with the pigs. Clips of the segment (片段)went viral, getting viewers from all around the world. American television hosts Conan O’Brien ,Jon Steward ,and Daniel Tosh have referenced the game in comedy sketches for their programs, Conan, The Daily Show, and Dash. O. Some of the game’s more famous fans include Prime Minister David Cameron of UK, who plays the iPad version of the game, and author Salman Rushdie, who is believed to be “something of a master at Angry Birds.”
Angry Birds and its characters have also been featured in advertisements in different forms. In March 2011,the characters began appearing in a series of advertisements for Microsoft’s Bing search engine. In the same year, Nokin produced an advertisement in Austin, Texas that included the game’s characters on a downtown building for its new mobile phone. Later, a T-Mobile advertisement filmed in Spain included a real-life mock-up(实物模拟)of the game in a city center .Nokin also used the game in Malaysia to promote an attempt to set a world record for the largest number of people playing a single mobile game.
Angry Birds has even inspired works of philosophical analogy（哲学类比）.A five-part essay with the title“ Angry Birds Yoga（瑜伽）---How to Eliminate the Green  Pigs in Your Life” was written by Giridhari Dasar in Brazil ,utilizing the characters and game play mechanics to interpret various concepts of yoga philosophy. The piece attracted much media attention for its unique method of philosophical presentation.
小题1:What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To explain how the video game Angry Birds was devised.
B．To investigated why Angry Birds has quickly become well-liked.
C．To introduce Angry Birds characters in TV programs and advertisements.
D．To report on the spread of Angry Birds in different media around the world .
小题2:Which of the following is closed in meaning to the word “viral “in Paragraph 2?   
A．apparentB．popularC．excitingD．disgusting
小题3:According to the text, Which of the following persons is good at playing Angry Birds?
A．Salman RushdieB．Conan O’BrienC．Giridhari DasarD．Daniel Tosh
小题4:Which of the following is TRUE about the use of Angry Birds according to the text?
A．It has been used by UK Prime Minister to explain political issues.
B．Its characters are used in advertisements mainly for Apple’s products.
C．It has been developed into a film about the life of a Brazilian yoga master.
D．Its real-life mock-up has appeared in an advertisement for mobile phones.

Uncertainty spreads through our lives so thoroughly that it dominates our language. Our everyday speech is made up in large part of words like probably, many, soon, great, little. What do these words mean?Such verbal expression is not necessarily to be criticized. Indeed, it has a value just because it allows us to express judgments when a precise quantitative statement is out of the question.
We have been trying to pin down by experiments what people mean by these expressions in specific contexts, and how the meanings change with age. For instance, a subject is told “There are many trees in the park” and is asked to say what number the word many mean to him. Or a child is invited to take “some” sweets from a bowl and we then count how many he has taken. We compare the number he takes when he is alone with the number when one or more other children are present and are to take some sweets after him, or with the number he takes when told to give “some” sweets to another child.
First, we find that the number depends, of course, on the items involved. To most people some friends means about five, while some trees means about twenty. However, unrelated areas sometimes show parallel values. For instance, the language of probability seems to mean about the same thing in predictions about the weather and about politics: the expression “is certain to” (rain, or be elected) signifies to the average person about a 70 percent chance; “is likely to”, about a 60 percent chance; “probably will” about 55 percent.
Secondly, the size of the population of items influences the value assigned to an expression. Thus, if we tell a subject to take “a few” or “ a lot of” glass balls from a box, he will take more if the box contains a large number of glass balls than if it has a small number. But not proportionately more: if we increase the number of glass balls eight times, the subject takes only half as large a percentage of the total.
Thirdly, there is a marked change with age. Among children between six and fourteen years old, the older the child, the fewer glass balls he will take. But the difference between a lot and a few widens with age. This age effect is so consistent that it might be used as a test of intelligence.
小题1: What’s the right attitude towards the words like probably, many, soon?
A．They are inaccurate and we should avoid them.
B．They are necessary since we cannot be always precise.
C．They should be criticized because there are too many of them.
D．Their value is not yet clear since we don’t know their meaning.
小题2: Why do we do experiments with the words “many” and “some”?
A．To prove people are insensitive to these words.
B．To prove the words dominate our everyday speech.
C．To find out how the meanings vary with age and contexts.
D．To find out whether the words can mean a precise quantity.
小题3: Which of the expressions means a larger chance in weather broadcast?
A．PossibleB．ProbableC．Be likely toD．Be certain to
小题4: Which of the following will least definitely influence the number of items a kid takes out of a box when he is invited to take “some”?
A．Whether the quantity of items is large or small.
B．Whether the items are candies or toys.
C．Whether the kid is a toddler or a youngster.
D．Whether the kid is alone or accompanied by other children.
小题5: What will tell us about the intelligence of a child?
A．The consistency of picking up a certain glass ball.
B．How many glass balls he will take when he’s asked to.
C．The difference between a lot and a few when he takes glass balls.
D．Whether there are marked changes in his first pick and second one.
Violent winds swept the ocean, and waves thundered to shore, shaking the lookout tower at Pea Island Rescue Station. Surfman Theodore Meekins was on watch that evening of 11 October 1896. A hurricane had struck the Outer Banks of North Carolina, and the tide was so strong that beach patrols(巡逻)had been canceled. Still, Meekins paid close attention to the horizon. This was the type of weather that could blow ships hundreds of miles off course.
Offshore, the ship E.S. Newman was caught in the storm. The captain, whose wife and child were on the ship, feared the Newman would soon break up. He made the decision to beach his ship, then fired a signal, praying that someone onshore would see it.
Meekins, whose eyes were trained to cut through rain and surf mists, thought he saw the signal, but so much spray (水雾) covered the lookout windows that he could hardly make sure. Still, he took no chances. After summoning (召集) the station keeper, Captain Richard Etheridge, Meekins set off a coston signal, a signal made by using lamps of different colors. Together, the two men searched the darkness for a reply. A few moments later, they saw a flash of light to the south and knew a shop was in distress (遇险). Even before the return signal burned out, Etheridge had summoned his men and begun rescue operations.
For the lifesavers, the rescue of the Newman was nothing unusual. Over the years, so many ships had foundered off the Outer Banks that sailors called the region the Graveyard of the Atlantic. Noting the dangerous surf and wind conditions, Captain Etheridge quickly decided the surf boats would be impossible to control. Instead, he decided to use another way to help the survivors.
The crew set off on the long journey down the beach to the scene of the wreck (海滩). Captain Etheridge hoped to fire a line from a gun to the ship’s mast (船桅). After the ship’s crew dragged the line onboard, the surfmen would fire a second line and carry survivors safely to shore.
The surfmen crossed three miles of sand to reach the ship Newman. The water was freezing, and the men often sank up to their knees in sand. Captain Etheridge noted in his diary that “the voice of gladdened hearts greeted the arrival of the station crew,” but that “it seemed impossible for them to do anything under such circumstances. The work was often stopped by the sweeping current.”
Even when the rescue equipment proved useless, Etheridge refused to give up. Choosing two of his strongest surfmen, he tied rope lines around their waists and sent them into the water. The two men, holding a line from shore, walked with huge effort as far as they could before diving through the waves. Nearly worn out while swimming against the tide, they finally made it to the shore.
The first to be rescued were the captain’s wife and child. With the two passengers tied to their backs, the surfmen fought their way back to shore. Taking turns, Etheridge and his crew made ten trips to the Newman, saving every person onboard. It was 1:00 a.m. when the crew and survivors finally made it back to the station.
That night, as the exhausted survivors lay sleeping and his lifesaving crew rested, Captain Etheridge picked up his pen, and in the light of an oil lantern, wrote with satisfaction that all the people onboard had been saved and were “sheltered in this station”—words he would remember for many years to come.
小题1:The beach patrols were canceled because ________.
A．Meekins paid enough attention to the horizon
B．there was too much spray on the windows
C．the winds and tide were too strong
D．there was no ship near the station
小题2:The underlined word “foundered” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “___________”.
A．stoppedB．sankC．sailedD．arrived
小题3:What was the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?
A．To warn sailors of the dangers of hurricanes.
B．To create a story describing a rescue at sea.
C．To inform people about Richard Etheridge.
D．To record the details about the Newman.
小题4:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．The newman was very dangerous before Richard Etheridge and his team members saw the signal.
B．A terrible hurricane took place off the coast of North Carolina and threatened the lives of many sailors.
C．At no other time in American history have so many shipwrecked passengers survived such a violent storm.
D．All the passengers of a shipwreck were rescued because of heroic the efforts of a special leader and his crew.

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