AC/DC have postponed their US, tour after singer Brian Johnson was warned by doctors that he was at risk of“ total hearing loss". This is unsurprising that the Australian band has been pumping out the hard rock decibel(分贝). But deafness isn't only a concern for rock musicians. Anyone around music a lot has reason to be equally worried.

When you are exposed to music, risk to hearing arises from a combination of how loud the sound is and how long you' re exposed to it for. If you visit a nightclub with music at 100 dB, then after only 10~15 minutes the exposure is potentially damaging. In a quieter part of the club, but where the music is still loud enough that you have to shout at your friends, them you could be there for a couple of hours before having to worry about your hearing. Of course music frequently exceeds (超过) 80~85 dB, but what counts most in assessing the risk to hearing is the average exposure.

Exposure to high noise levels often causes temporary deafness-something many people have experienced after going to a nightclub. While hearing usually recovers , repeated loud exposure leads to permanent hearing damage. Initially, this damage is unlikely to be noticed by the listener. Problems only become significant in middle age when the noise-caused hearing loss combines with the natural loss of hearing due to ageing.

Often orchestras employ screens or “musicians ear plugs” to block sound from the loudest instruments. These decrease sound without completely blocking everything out and are very useful in rehearsal(训练),but get in the way of balancing the sound in a concert. Professional orchestras also look at how they schedule music to ensure that musicians are exposed to a mixture of quiet and loud pieces. Given how loud their instruments are, drummers are particularly at risk, but using era plugs can go some way to reducing potential hearing loss. For rock and pop musicians, using in-ear monitors has the potential to reduce noise exposure.

Improved technology means the number of musicians having to give up performing could decrease, But student musicians need to be educated about the dangers of noise-caused hearing loss. The increasing use of headphones will also work against this. Unless people are careful with the volume level on their portable music players, hearing loss caused by music will increase.

1.What does the author mainly want to show by mentioning Brian Johnson?

A. Hearing loss are very common nowadays.

B. Music and hearing loss are closely related.

C. Being with music isn't always beneficial.

D. Deafness has become musicians' major concern.

2.What matters most in evaluating the risk of hearing loss according to the text ?

A. The rhythm of music.

B. The average exposure of time.

C. The playing environment of music.

D. The listener's sensitivity to sound.

3.What dose Paragraph 4 mainly talk about ?              .

A. How the sound in a concert is balanced.

B. How professional orchestras schedule music .

C. How musicians can decrease their risk of hearing loss.

D. How different musicians work together in an orchestra.

4.Which of the following best reflects the author's opinion?

A. Improved technology can prevent hearing damage.

B. Student musicians are main sufferers of hearing loss.

C. Using headphones helps reduce hearing loss to a degree.

D. We can never be too careful with the volume level of music.

Putting more green space around an elementary school may help students develop some mental abilities, a study suggests.

Researchers tested students repeatedly over the course of a year on attentiveness and working memory, which is the ability to keep something in mind temporarily for performing a task. The study tracked more than 2,000 students in 36 primary schools in Barcelona, Spain. The pupils were in the second to fourth grade when the study began. Overall, students whose schools are surrounded by more green space improve more pupils from schools with less green space.

“Policy makers should know that more green space around the school is better for cognitive (认知的) development and that they should make sure that kids can see and play in green areas,” one author, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen of the Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology in Barcelona, said in an email. “Existing urban schools should think about replacing concrete or other hard surfaces with green space, and even a few trees may help,” he suggested.

The researchers used satellite images to group schools according to how much green space appeared on the school ground and within about 55 yards of the school’s surrounding property. Their analysis indicated that differences in socioeconomic factors between schools did not account for the study outcome.

Sally Augustin, a psychologist in La Grange Park, Illinois, who used research on how people react to their surroundings to consult on design of buildings, products and services, said the results make sense to her. Augustin, who did not participate in the new study, said the results fit with previous findings that views of nature help children and adults lower stress and perform mental tasks better.

1.What do we know about the findings of the study?

A. Attentiveness (专注) is the most important quality for students.

B. A good memory enables students to perform a task better.

C. More green space may help the mental development of students.

D. Schools surrounded by more green space are favored by parents.

2.According to Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, policy makers should _______.

A. reduce the noise near the school

B. reduce air pollution from vehicles

C. provide more green space for kids

D. encourage kids to play more sports

3.How are the schools classified by the researchers?

A. By green space. B. By test scores.

C. By size. D. By position.

4.Why is Augustin mentioned in the passage?

A. To introduce another interesting study.

B. To make the findings of the study more convincing.

C. To present new evidence for the study.

D. To show a different viewpoint.

There is an old Spanish Proverb which states,"Tomorrow is often the busiest day of the week".1.I'd say,too many.Our dreams should not,and cannot wait.We have to go for them now! Here's why.

1.2.Nobody likes to talk about death,but the reality is—everybody is going to die at one point.None of us know the day,or the hour.Therefore,today is all we have.Don't go to your grave with unfulfilled dreams.Make the decision to go after every dream,big or small right now.

2.The world is waiting on your gift

I know this may be hard to believe, but the world is waiting on YOU!Yes, YOU!3.Sure,other people may be able to sing.But they'll never be able to sing exactly like you.Sure other people can write,but they'll never be able to write from the same perspective in which you write.Don't deprive the world of your gift.

It's the oxygen that we need to survive.Thus,it is your responsibility to figure out exactly what your gift is,and use to better your life and the lives of those around you.

3.4.

You can dream about writing the great American play that you want,but it's never going to happen unless you actually put pen to paper.You can dream about finding a cure for cancer,but it will never happen unless you actually go to school to become equipped with the necessary tools to find that cure.5.They require you to get your head out of the clouds,and actually do the work to make them happen.Get to it!

A.You can't let fear win.

B.Tomorrow is not promised.

C.In other words,dreams don't work unless you do.

D.Possibilities you never knew existed are waiting on you

E.How many times have we put off our dreams until tomorrow?

F.Unless you take the first step,your dreams will never come true.

G.You were born into the world with a unique gift,which nobody on this earth can copy.

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