题目内容
We all know that DNA has the ability to identify individuals, but because it is inherited, there are also regions of the DNA strand which can relate an individual to his or her family(immediate and extended);tribal group and even an entire population. Molecular Genealogy(宗谱学)can use this unique identification provided by the genetic markers to link people together into family trees。Pedigrees(家谱)based on such genetic markers can mean a breakthrough for family trees where information is incomplete or missing due to adoption,illegitimacy(违法)or lack of record. There are many communities and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil war in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.
The main objective of the Molecular Genealogy Research Group is to build a database containing over 100,000 DNA samples from individuals all over the world. These individuals will have provided a pedigree chart of at least four generations and a small blood sample. Once the database has enough samples to represent the world genetic make-up, it will eventually help in solving many issues,regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records. Theoretically, any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.
In the meantime, as the database is being created, molecular genealogy can already
Verify(鉴定)possible or suspected relationships between individuals。“For example,if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related,but no written record proves this relationship,we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and looking for common markers(in these case we can look primarily at the Y chromosome(染色体),”explain Ugo A. Perego, a member of the BYU Molecular Genealogy research team.
1) The possible research of family trees is based on the fact that _____________.
A) genetics has achieved a breakthrough
B) genetic information contained in DNA can be revealed now
C) each individual carries a unique record of who he is and how he or related to others
D) we can use DNA to prove how distant an individual is to a family, a group or a population
2) If two men suspected for some reason they have a common ancestor,__________.
A) we can decide according to their family tree
B) we can find the truth from their genetic markers
C) we can compare the differences in their Y chromosome
D) we can look for written records to prove their relationship
3) Which of the following CAN NOT be inferred from the passage?
A) we are a walking, living, breathing record of our ancestors
B) Many American slaves did not know who their ancestors were
C) An adopted child generally lacks enough information to prove his identify
D) Molecular genealogy can be used to prove a relationship between individual
CBC
As we all know, language is always changing. In a society where life continues year after year with few changes, the language does not change either. The earliest known languages had difficult grammar but a small, limited vocabulary. Over the century, the grammar changed, and the vocabulary grew. For example, the English and Spanish people who came to America during the sixteenth century gave names to all the new plants and animals they found. In this way, hundreds of new words were introduced into English and Spanish vocabularies. Today life is changing very fast, and language is changing fast too.
There are several major(主要) language families in the world. Some scientists say there are nine main families, but other scientists divide them differently. The languages in each family are connected, and scientists think that they came from the same parent language. About 3 percent of the people in the world speak languages that are not in these major families.
1.The early language had ________.
A.a lot of problems |
B.words and easy grammar |
C.words but no grammar |
D.grammar but not many words |
2.In the next few hundred years we can expect language to _____.
A.stay exactly the same |
B.change a great deal |
C.change only a little |
D.ask more words and drop some grammar |
3.What this article shows is that _____.
A.languages change fast |
B.languages really don't want to change |
C.language really with changes in society |
D.Spanish and English change |