B Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.

Many roads and places in Singapore（新加坡） are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries ---- in both the West and the East.

Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus ---- obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.

Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, “Base Basah” means “wet rice” in Malay（马来语）. Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road”? The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.

A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is “Circular Road” for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes, like “Paya Lebar Crescent”. This road is called a crescent（月牙） because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.

45. We learn from Paragraph 1 that _____.

A. the government is usually the first to name a place

B. many places tend to have more than one name

C. a ceremony will be held when a place is named

D. people prefer the place names given by the government

46. What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A. Change suddenly. B. Change significantly（有重大意义的）.

C. Disappear mysteriously. D. Disappear very slowly.

47. Which of the following places is named after a person?

A. Raffles Place. B. Selector Airbase.

C. Piccadilly Circus. D. Paya Lebar Crescent.

48. Bras Basah Road is named _______.

A. after a person B. after a place C. after an activity D. by its shape

【小题1】B

【小题2】D

【小题3】A

【小题4】C

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Most of the time, we choose colors for decorating based on our personal taste and our sense of aesthetics (审美学). But, a number of color experts believe that colors have an effect on our emotions and that it would be wise of us to be conscious of that before settling on a definite choice.

Some of the effects of colors are well known and accepted by most people. In fact, those effects have been the subject of serious research and experiments and have been scientifically proven. But not all scientists agree on the validity (正确性) of the results.

When we become interested in the psychological effects of colors, it is important to know that not all societies share our opinion of those effects on our emotions. What we hold as an "objective" observation on a color is often nothing more than a reflection of our cultural belongingness, which has attributed properties to that color for generations.

Why is it not possible for us to hold a really objective discourse(论述)on the subject? In part, because it is very difficult to separate the psychological from the symbolic, the symbolic aspects are definitely cultural. Often, and this without our realizing it, they influence our understanding of colors and the following emotions - both psychological aspects. Black and white are good examples. In western countries, black is considered serious, dramatic and sometimes sad. People are warned against its potentially depressing effects on decoration. Black is the traditional color of mourning. White, on the other hand, is associated with purity, peace and optimism. For those reasons, white is the traditional color of bridal dresses. No one would think of attending a funeral in white. Any more than it would occur to a bride to wear black. We simply remain convinced that it is not in the "nature" of those colors. Yet, in certain oriental countries, it is white, not black that is the color of mourning.

That having been said, there is some “overlapping” in the properties different cultures attribute to certain colors. For example, Feng Shui, the traditional Chinese philosophy that distinguishes between good and evil influences explains colors much in the same way as the majority of western color specialists. Is that to say that colors have real natural properties which all humans perceive(感知) in the same way or is the phenomenon an example of the cross-influences that affect the thinking of cultures brought closer to one another by a certain Venetian(威尼斯人) called Marco Polo? It is difficult to say.

But, be that as it may, colors do affect us. And if you feel emotions for a certain color, note them and remember them. You may even wish to consider them next time you are planning to decorate. The decision is yours!

1. Most of the time, we ignore ______ when choosing colors for decoration.

A．personal taste B．our aesthetics

C．cultural effects D．psychological effects

2.Why is it not possible for us to hold a really objective discourse on the subject?

A．Because it is often nothing more than a reflection of our cultural belongingness.

B．Because the colors have the properties for generations.

C．Because it is difficult to separate the psychological from the cultural.

D．Because the symbolic aspects influence our perception of colors.

3. The italicized word “overlapping” is paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to______

A．difference B．conflict C．sameness D．agreement

4. In western countries, white is ______.

A．preferred by bridals B．used in a funerals sometimes

C．depressing in decoration D．pure in its nature

5. According to the author, which of the following statements is certain?

A．Different cultures can have the same properties of colors.

B．If you feel emotions for a color, note them and remember them.

C．All humans perceive colors’ natural properties in the same way.

D．Marco Polo disclosed the psychological effects of colors.

When we visit another country, differences in music and dance are 36 some of the first things that we notice. Every culture has 37 its own types of music and dance, which are very different from those of other societies.

Each type of music usually has a distinctive rhythm and a special sound, 38 on the kinds of instruments that are used to produce it. The most common type of instruments are 39 instruments, such as guitars and violins; wind instruments, including horns and flutes. Many different kinds of musical sounds 40 be created by using different combinations of instruments.

The human voice is a very special kind of instrument, 41 it can produce a great number of different sounds with different 42 , ranging from loud to soft. Singing is very popular in most cultures because it allows us to 43 words and ideas with music.

Societies coordinate（使协调） body movements with musical rhythms to create 44 . Sometimes people dance for fun and individual expression. Dances can also be used to 45 ideas to an audience. Hawaiian dancers, 46 , use arm and hand movements to express the meaning of a song. In the same way, many societies use dances in religious ceremonies 47 to tell about important events.

Music and dance are passed from one 48 to another and thus become a permanent part of the society and 49 culture. Of course, as cultures come 50 contact with each other, the music and dance of one society may be accepted by other societies, or the different styles may be combined to 51 a new kind of music or dance. Some Latin American music, for example, has taken 52 from Indian cultures and mixed them with those from European and African cultures. 53 , popular music from England and the US can be heard in countries 54 the world, 55 it has had an influence on musical tastes, especially among young people.

1.A. unlikely B. probably C. likely D. surely

2.A. installed B. developed C. meant D. established

3.A. depending B. relying C. playing D. resting

4.A. thread B. cord C. string D. band

5.A. can B. might C. must D. should

6.A. when B. since C. after D. although

7.A. heights B. sizes C. volumes D. tones

8.A. express B. explain C. provide D. compose

9.A. sounds B. songs C. dances D. moves

10.A. give B. perform C. translate D. communicate

11.A. for example B. such as C. that is D. on the contrary

12.A. just B. as C. or D. only

13.A. country B. people C. generation D. time

14.A. their B. the C. form D. its

15.A. to B. into C. for D. with

16.A. join B. show C. become D. form

17.A. advantages B. styles C. features D. origins

18.A. However B. On the contrary C. Besides D. Similarly

19.A. over B. across C. through D. along

20.A. where B. when C. which D. what

Many roads and places in Singapore are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries —in both the West and the East.

Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus—obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.

Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, “Base Basah” means “wet rice” in Malay. Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road”? The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.

46. We learn from Paragraph 1 that _____.

A. the government is usually the first to name a place

B. many places tend to have more than one name

C. a ceremony will be held when a place is named

D. people prefer the place names given by the government

47. What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A. Change suddenly. B. Change significantly（greatly）.

C. Disappear mysteriously. D. Disappear very slowly.

48. Which of the following places is named after a person?

A. Raffles Place. B. Selector Airbase. C. Piccadilly Circus. D. Paya Lebar Crescent.

49. Bras Basah Road is named _______.

A. after a person B. after a place C. after an activity D. by its shape

50. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain.

B. Some places in Singapore are named for military purposes.

C. The way Singaporeans name their places is unique.

D. Young Singaporeans have forgotten the pioneers.

The single, decisive factor(因素) that made it possible for mankind to settle in lasting communities(社区，聚居地) was agriculture. After farming was developed in the Middle East in about 6500 BC, people living in family units did not have to be on the move continually searching for food or hunting their animals. Once people could control the production of food and be assured of a reliable supply of it, their lives changed completely.

Farming was a revolutionary discovery. It not only made settlements possible and later the building of cities but it also made available a reliable food supply. With more food available, more people could be fed. Population therefore increased. The growing number of people available for more kinds of work led to the development of new social formations. With more and more food, a community could support a variety of workers who were not farmers.

Farming in the world over has always relied upon a dependable water supply. For the earliest societies this meant rivers and streams or regular rainfall. The first great civilizations grew up along rivers. Later communities were able to develop by taking advantage of the rainy seasons.

All of the ancient civilizations probably developed in much the same way, in spite of a few differences. As villages grew, the production of more numerous goods became possible. Cloth could be woven from wool. Houses made of wood, brick, and stone could be put up.

The science of mathematics was an early outgrowth of agriculture. People studied the movements of the moon, the sun, and the planets to work out seasons. In so doing they created the first calendars(日历). With a calendar it was possible to find out the arrival of each growing season. Measurement of land areas was necessary if field was to be divided accurately. Measurements of amounts, for example, of seeds or grains was also a factor in farming and housekeeping. Later came measures of value as money exchange became common.

All of the major ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China appeared in the 4^thmillennium BC. Historians still argue over which one came into being first. It may well have been the Middle East. This place reaches out from the Nile River in Egypt northward along the coast of former Palestine, then eastward into Asia to include Mesopotamia. In this area people settled along the riverbanks and practiced field agriculture. This kind of farming depended on the reproduction of seed, normally from grain crops.

1. The final result of the development of agriculture was that_________ .

A. the population increased slowly

B. a constant supply of food was certain

C. a new social formation came into being

D. a variety of jobs were open to people

2. Which of the following is true according to the writer?

A. Mathematics helped create the agricultural society.

B. Societies in the past in different parts of the world grew in similar ways.

C. Modern cities developed out of originally wealthier villages.

D. Cloth-making marked an important period in agricultural development.

3. The development of mathematics ________ .

A. enabled people to arrange their agricultural activities better

B. got the society out of the agricultural age

C. helped create early agricultural civilization around the world

D. made possible the exchange of agricultural goods

4. It can be safely concluded that _______ .

A. the development of mathematics played a decisive role in the birth of modern cities

B. the earliest civilization first came into being in the Middle East

C. all ancient civilizations around the world developed in exactly the same way

D. the development of agriculture played a very important role in human history

5. The text is mainly about _________ .

A. the importance of agriculture

B. the relationship between agriculture and mankind

C. the origin of agriculture

D. the ancient civilization

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