题目内容

       It takes courage to stand up at work.Now more and more people are standing up when they are working on something important.Standing up is in fashion.Medical researchers have found that people who stand at work tend to be much healthier than those who sit.But I wasn't just looking for better health — standing would also improve how I work and relax my body.

       In recent years, many office supply companies have begun to sell adjustable desks.These so-called "sit / stand" models are equipped with an electric motor that lets them shift from chair height to person height at the push of a button.Unfortunately, sit / stand desks tend to be expensive, hard to find and not very easy to test in person.

       I discovered that when I worked standing up, my mind was clearer and new ideas kept coming to me.I suspect that this is because when you're standing, you feel a bit unchained from your desk.If I got stuck on a word or sentence as I wrote it, I found myself shaking my arms, bouncing (跳) on my feet or stepping away from the desk for a bit — things I couldn't do in a chair.Often, standing up seemed to relax my mind enough for me to get over creative barriers.

       There's another thing about standing for a long time: I tend to get hungrier than I do when I sit on a chair.That feels like confirmation(证实) of the stand-up advocates’ belief that you burn more calories when you stand than when you sit.For this reason alone, I' m hoping that one day mass-market furniture companies can make many low-priced versions of sit / stand desks.We could all work with a bit more standing up.

The author likes standing up while working because __________.

       A.he wants to show that he has a lot of courage

       B.researchers say standing makes one healthier

       C.he intends to catch up the fashion trend

       D.he hopes to improve his work and relax himself

It can be inferred from the text that   ________.

       A.adjustable desks are mass-produced now

       B.adjustable desks are easy to operate

       C.cheaper adjustable desks will soon be available

       D.adjustable desks can be tried out easily

What is the main idea of the text?

       A.Standing up at work is a better choice.

       B.Standing up at work takes courage.

       C.Standing up at work burns more calories.

       D.Standing up at work will replace traditional sitting.

【小题1】D

【小题1】B

【小题1】A


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An early invention by Albert Einstein has been rebuilt by scientists at Oxford University. They are trying to develop an environmentally friendly refrigerator that runs without electricity.

We all know that modern fridges cause damage to the environment. They work by using a kind of man-made greenhouse gas called Freon (氟里昂), which is far more damaging than carbon dioxide.

Now Malcolm McCulloch, an electrical engineer at Oxford, is leading a three-year project to develop appliances that can be used in places without electricity.

His team has completed a prototype (样机) of a fridge patented in 1930 by Einstein. It used only pressurized gases to keep things cold. The design was partly used in the first refrigerators, but the technology was dropped when more efficient compressors (压缩机) became popular in the 1950s. That meant a switch to using Freon.

Einstein's idea uses butane (丁烷) and water and takes advantage of the fact that liquids boil at lower temperatures, when the air pressure around them is lower.

"If you go to the top of Mount Qomolangma, water boils at a much lower temperature than it does when you're at sea level and that's because the pressure is much lower up there," said McCulloch.At one side is the evaporator (蒸发器), a bottle that contains liquid butane. "If you introduce a new vapor above the butane, the liquid boiling temperature decreases and, as it boils off, it takes energy from the surroundings to do so," says McCulloch. "That's what makes it cold."

The gas fridges based on Einstein's design were replaced by Freon-compressor fridges partly because Einstein's design was not very efficient. But McCulloch thinks that by changing the design and replacing the types of gases used it will be possible to quadruple (翻两番) the efficiency.

However, McCulloch's fridge is still in its early stages. "It's very much a prototype," he said. "Give us another month and we'll have it working."

1. According to the passage, an early invention by Albert Einstein _______.

A.has been rediscovered because it costs much less and works more efficiently

B.is being redesigned because it could be used in places without electricity

C.has just been found to be energy-saving and environmentally friendly

D.will be fully made use of and become the fridge of the future

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A.Freon was used in fridges long before the 1950s.

B.Freon is what makes current fridges big polluters.

C.McCulloch thinks he could improve Einstein's design by using other types of vapors.

D.The fridge Malcolm McCulloch and his team designed will be put into production soon.

3.We can learn from the text that the prototype completed _______.

A.changed the air pressure around it

B.was tested on the top of Mount Everest

C.increased the liquid boiling temperature

D.used only pressurized gases to keep things cold

4.McCulloch's words in Paragraph 6 _____.

A.serve as an explanation for the principle behind Einstein's fridge

B.give you the reason why Einstein's fridge was not efficient

C.tell you how to take advantage of low air pressure

D.show you how Einstein's fridge works

 

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