题目内容
________ more to be pitied than blamed．
A．Not educated is
B．The uneducated is
C．The uneducated are
D．No educated are
There are two types of people in the world．Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable．This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds．
The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, and the fine weather．
They enjoy all the cheerful things．Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things．Therefore, they are continually discontented （不满意的） ．By their remarks, they soar （提升） the pleasures of society, offend （冒犯 ） many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere．If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied．
The tendency to criticize and be disgusted （厌恶） is perhaps taken up originally by imitation． It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors．The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes．I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit．
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck．Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that．This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments．If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success．Nor will anyone speak a word to favor their hopes．If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them．
These people should change this bad habit．If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them．
Title: Two Types of People
| Although they are both healthy and wealthy and they live a 【小题1】 life, they have different attitudes. | |
| Reasons | The different ways that they 【小题2】anything and anyone. The result【小题3】their minds. |
| Characteristics of two types of people | The people to be happy think 【小题4】of anything and anyone and they are optimistic. On the【小题5】，the people lo be unhappy are pessimistic (悲观的）. |
| 【小题6】 towards the people to be unhappy | If they attempt to _【小题7】_ some advantage in rank or fortune, they will not be favored. If they make themselves【小题8】in public, they will not be defended or _【小题9】_. |
| Conclusion | The people to be unhappy should change this bad habit, 【小题10】others will avoid any contact with them. |
If you ask Americans whether or not they think their former president George W. Bush is smart, most of them will probably tell you they don’t think so. However, Bush’s IQ score is estimated to be above 120, which puts him in the top ten percent of the population.
It doesn’t seem to make sense. How come someone with such an IQ score is not considered smart? Researchers say: IQ does not tell the whole story. Some people have high IQ scores, but still they can be poor thinkers and decision-makers.
Keith Stanovich, a Canadian professor of human development and applied psychology, has been looking into the “clever fools” phenomenon for 15 years. He says IQ tests are very good at measuring certain mental faculties(能力), including logic, learning ability, working-memory capacity (how much information you can hold in mind), etc. Those faculties play a part in one’s academic success, but rational thinking is more important for us to make good judgments in real-life situations.
IQ tests fail to work when it comes to rational thinking. That’s because they are unable to assess things such as a person’s ability to weigh up information, or whether an individual can set aside the cognitive biases(认知偏差)that may be misleading.
“A high IQ is like height in a basketball player,” says David Perkins, who studies thinking and reasoning skills at Harvard University. “It is very important, all other things being equal. But all other things aren’t equal. It takes a lot more to be a good basketball player than being tall, and it takes a lot more to be a good thinker than having a high IQ.”
1.According to the text your academic success depends on your __________.
|
A．logic |
B．mental faculties |
C．learning ability |
D．working-memory capacity |
2.If you need to decide where to invest your money, you must use your ______________
|
A．IQ scores |
B．IQ test |
C．rational thinking |
D．cognitive biases |
3.We know from the text that ____________
|
A．the former president George W. Bush has a high IQ score |
|
B．many Americans think their former president George W. Bush is smart |
|
C．David Perkins believe that a person’s IQ doesn’t need to be developed |
|
D．Keith Stanovich looked into the “clever fools” phenomenon 5 years ago |
4.What is the text mainly about?
|
A．Those who have high IQ do better than those who don’t in everything. |
|
B．People with high IQ scores must be good decision-makers |
|
C．People with high IQ scores are always smart in every way. |
|
D．Why a high IQ doesn’t mean you’re smart |