题目内容

18．One of our rules is that every studentshall wear school uniform while at school．

分析 我们的校规之一是每个学生在校时都必须穿校服．

解答 答案：shall
解析：根据句意"我们的校规之一是每个学生在校时都必须穿校服"及所给英文提示可知，本题考查情态动词shall的用法，shall在本题中用来表示"（某种规定或命令）必须"．

点评 本题考查单词填空，做此类题目时一定要根据所给的中/英文提示及句意确定所填词，再根据其他要求判断所填词的形式是否需要改变．

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8．When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance，the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list．Music is nice，people seem to say，but not important．Too often it is viewed as entertainment，but certainly not an education priority （优先）．This view is shortsighted．（52）E
Music tells us who we are，because music is an expression of the beings who create it．It reflects their thinking and values，as well as the social environment it came from．Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song．The jazz influence is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions．Music expresses our character and values．（53）A
Music provides a kind of perception（感知）that cannot be acquired any other way．（54）B The arts explore the emotive（情感的） meaning of the same phenomenon．We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason：No one way can get it all．
The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols．They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears，our curiosities，our hungers，our discoveries，our hopes．They are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others．When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music，we take away from them the meanings that music expresses．
（55）F

A．It gives us identity as a society．
B．Science can explain how the sun rises and sets．
C．They are ways we human beings"talk"to each other．
D．Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human．
E．In fact，music education is beneficial and important for all students．
F．So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize．
9．My close friends，after they heard about my experiences in South America，_____said it was totally out of their imagination．（　　）
A．whichB．themC．allD．who
6．I moved into our new home in Scottsbluff last year just before Christmas．I did not have the（36）B or energy to carry out my traditional Christmas decorating and baking activities．What was the point，anyway？It was going to be a（37）CChristmas after all．
 （38）D，the neighborly nature of west Nebraska residents started to trickle （陆续来临） in．
There was a （39）C   on the door one evening．It was Jeff's new colleague，John Smith，and his wife，Phyllis．The Smiths had stopped by to （40）Aus to town with a loaf of homemade bread．They pointed out a （41）B  on the porch （门廊）．Apparently the doorbell wasn't working in the cold snowy weather and we had （42）Da visit from the Browns，our across-the-street neighbors，who brought us a Christmas card and more Christmas cookies．
The（43）Cfeelings brought by these thoughtful gestures lasted longer than the food．
As Jeff and I were clearing pre-Christmas（44）A  from our driveway，Ernie Guzman came over from next door to （45）Bus to dig out．
Then，we received an invitation to （46）Aa Christmas Eve meal with our neighbors，Ernie and Nancy Sommer，and their （47）B-a 90-year-old lady，who also had no family in the immediate area with whom to spend the holiday．
Our Christmas Eve was quite merry，thanks to our（48）D．Our Christmas morning  （49）C was special，thanks to the Smiths'gift of bread．I was so （50）Dfor these gestures of welcome，especially during the holidays．
This year，we were again unable to be with our families for Christmas．The （51）Aand work schedules just made things too difficult．（52）C  that sense of Christmas isolation （孤立） all too well，we decided to try to round up some other folks who were （53）Ain the holidays．
Lonely people are all around us，but most of us （54）Bnotice them．Just take a look around you．Sometimes，the smallest （55）D gesture can make a world of difference．

36．A．chanceB．timeC．anxietyD．ability
37．A．merryB．freeC．lonelyD．usual
38．A．ThereforeB．MeanwhileC．SomehowD．However
39．A．cardB．signC．knockD．note
40．A．welcomeB．inviteC．driveD．send
41．A．treeB．packageC．mailD．flower
42．A．forgotB．arrangedC．receivedD．missed
43．A．deepB．trueC．warmD．mixed
44．A．snowB．rubbishC．dustD．leaves
45．A．teachB．helpC．urgeD．forbid
46．A．shareB．prepareC．tasteD．exchange
47．A．auntB．guestC．maidD．partner
48．A．folksB．relativesC．colleaguesD．neighbors
49．A．callB．greetingC．breakfastD．meeting
50．A．sorryB．eagerC．readyD．grateful
51．A．distanceB．expenseC．seasonD．situation
52．A．StudyingB．ShowingC．KnowingD．Discovering
53．A．aloneB．busyC．happyD．active
54．A．alwaysB．seldomC．finallyD．usually
55．A．carefulB．patientC．vagueD．kind
13．The National Gallery of Art in Washington，D．C．，is one of the world's greatest art museums．Millions of people have entered its doors to see paintings by the world's fine artists．But if these priceless masterpieces are to be preserved，the Gallery must protect them carefully．The Gallery's 135-man guard force has successfully prevented theft，but protecting the paintings from nature is a greater problem．
In past times，the owners of paintings did not protect them from damaging changes in humidity and temperature．As a result，the life of these paintings was shortened．In the National Gallery，however，humidity and temperature are carefully controlled．The building is air-conditioned in summer and heated in winter．The air-conditioning and heating systems are so important to the life of the paintings that the Gallery has two of each system．If one should fail，the extra one can take over．
Light is another enemy of paintings．Ultraviolet rays （紫外线） in light cause paintings to fade （褪色）．Long ago，paintings often hung in dark churches and palaces．A coat of varnish （清漆） was a protection from the weak light．But when museums took over the care of many paintings，they were often hung in brighter light than before．Soon they were in danger of fading．The damaging effects of light were increased when the museums removed the varnish coating，yellowed with age．
To protect its paintings，the National Gallery installed （安装） a special kind of glass in its skylights．This glass allows visible lights to enter the building but it keeps out harmful ultraviolet rays．The Gallery has also developed new and better varnishes which help to keep paintings from fading．Thanks to these new precautions （预防措施），many of the world's greatest paintings are being well protected for future generations to enjoy．
32．The text mainly tells us aboutD．
A．the guard force in the National Gallery
B．the air-conditioning and heating systems in the National Gallery
C．priceless paintings of past times
D．protecting great paintings from nature
33．What does harm to paintings according to the text？A
A．Humidity，temperature and light．
B．Humidity，temperature and varnish．
C．Humidity，light and varnish．
D．Temperature，light and varnish．
34．Why did the museums remove varnish coatings from some paintings？D
A．They had built glass boxes for the paintings．
B．They had taken over the care of the paintings．
C．They found the coatings yellowed with age．
D．They would add other coating materials to the paintings．
35．We can infer from the text thatB．
A．the National Gallery has done little to protect the paintings
B．the care of the world's greatest paintings is both a big responsibility and a great challenge
C．you can touch these paintings while you are in the National Gallery
D．the guard force in the Gallery has not done a good job．
3．As the Mid-Autumn festival is drawing near，we will have a two-day holiday．Where and how can we celebrate the traditional festival？（36）E．
　　This year，we will have a great many activities both in downtown and the suburb of Beijing to enjoy the full moon and features of parent-child activities and picking fruits etc．
　　From September 6th to 9th，Jiuhua Spa & Resort will launch a series of activities，including discounts and promotions．Adults will enjoy half-price concession and children under 1.4m free for the Hot Spring Park．（37）A．Jiupinxianglian，a kind of lotus，is now in full bloom in Beijing Botanic Garden．With especially long flowering period，jiupinxianglian can still blossom in cold late autumn．（38）D．
　　You can also pick grapes in the World Grape Exposition Garden，the plantation with the most various grape species in the world．During the holiday，the grape-themed restaurants in the garden will provide specialties．（39）C．
　　Staying at home is also a perfect choice．You can make moon cakes by yourself，cook a big dinner for your family．enjoy the glorious full moon，guess lantern riddles…
　　（40）FOn the night，food offerings are placed on an altar set up in the courtyard．Fresh fruit like melons，apples，grapes，Chinese dates，pears，chestnuts and cooked food like soybean，peanut，taro etc…A piece of raw soybean is also plugged in the censer to symbolize the cassia tree in the moon．After all is ready，family members worship the moon in turn．This year the moon will be the fullest between 22：00 and 23：00．

A．You will find surprisingly many people at the pool performance．
B．The Mid-Autumn festival has just arrived upon us．
C．Just go there as long as your favorite is delicious food．
D．Many sorts of flowers will be fading one by one at that time．
E．Now we have some advice on how to make the best use of it．
F．Admiring the moon also plays an important part in the celebration．
G．Nothing is more important than the festival itself．
10．请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文．
　　People are always looking for someone to look up to and imitate．You can set the example by becoming the person that people want to be like．You can help change the world by changing yourself．
　　注意：
　　①无须写标题；
　　②除诗歌外，文体不限；
　　③内容必须结合你生活中的一个事例；
　　④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
　　⑤词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数．
7．Elephants have impressed us for centuries．They are big，clever，and sociable．But what if someone told you that they may also hold the key to fighting cancer？
People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer，even though they have life spans（寿命）that are similar to humans，living for around 50to 70years．
Now scientists believe they know why．A team at the University of Chicago，Us has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors（肿瘤）from developing．To be precise，they found 20copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP 53in elephants．Most other species，humans included，only carry one copy．
According to the research，which was recently published on the online science network BioRxiv，the extra copies of the gene improved the animal's sensitivity to DNA damage．This lets the cells（细胞）quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can form deadly tumors．
"An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals，"study author Dr Vincent Lynch told The Guardian．If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous，large creatures with long life spans like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and mice do．But across species，the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass．
This phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named"Peto's paradox"．Evolutionary biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller do not，In the elephant's case，the making of TP53is nature's way of keeping this species alive．
The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in mice，they had the same cancer resistance as elephants．This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancers from spreading or even developing in the first place．
"Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer，"said Joshua Schiffman，an oncologist at the School of Medicine，University of Utah，US．
"It's up to us to learn how different animals tackle（对付）the problem so we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people．"

4．Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer？B
A．They have a large body size
B．They carry many genes that keep tumors from developing
C．Certain genes in their body kill existing tumors
D．Their genes suffer no DNA damage
5．According to Dr．Vincent Lynch，what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals？D
A．Extreme weather              
B．Cells killing themselves
C．Human behavior              
D．A risk of deadly tumors
6．What does the underlined expression"this phenomenon"on the sixth paragraph refer to？A
A．The risk of cancer is not related to body size
B．Larger animals have protection from TP53
C．Larger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones do
D．The larger animals are，the bigger risk of cancer they have
7．We can conclude from the last three paragraphs thatB．
A．depending on nature is not enough to fight against cancer
B．the TP53genes have proven useful in stopping cancer in mice
C．this new treatment is more effective than the present ones
D．humans are expected to stop cancer in the near future．
8．（16）GWe've worked to make their streets and their schools safer，to give them something positive to do after school and before their parents get home．We've worked to teach our children that drugs are dangerous，illegal and wrong．
Today，I want to talk to you about the historic opportunity we now have to protect our nation's children from an even more deadly threat．（17）C Smoking kills more people every day than AIDS，alcohol，car accidents，murders，drugs and fires combined．Nearly 90% of those smokers lit their first cigarette before they turned 18．Consider this：3，000children start to smoke every day illegally，and 1，000of them will die sooner because of it．（18）A For more than five years we've worked to stop our children from smoking before they begin to try，starting a nationwide campaign to educate them about the dangers of smoking to reduce their access to tobacco products，and to restrict tobacco companies from advertising to young people．（19）FThat means if we act now，we have it in our power to stop three million children from smoking and save a million lives as a result．So this is an emergency that needs quick action of all of you．（20）D．

A．This is a national tragedy（悲剧）that every American should help to prevent．
B．We have to educate them about the dangers of smoking．
C．It is smoking that is more terrible than drugs．
D．The quicker action we take，the fewer teen smokers there will be．
E．Compared with other diseases，drugs kill more people every day．
F．If we do these，we'll cut teen smoking by almost half over the next five years．
G．Since I took office，I've done much to protect our children from harm．

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