题目内容

 

                                    In Japan many workers who work in large corporations have a guarantee of lifetime employment. During their employment, they will not be laid off during recessions(经济萧条) or when the tasks they perform are taken over by robots. To some observers, this is what they call capitalism at its best, because workers are treated as people not things. Others see it as necessarily inefficient and they also believe it cannot continue if Japan is to remain competitive with foreign corporations by being more concerned about profits and less concerned about people.

  Defenders of the system argue that those who call it inefficient do not understand how it really works. In the first place not every Japanese worker has the guarantee of a lifetime job. The lifetime employment system includes only “regular employees”. Many employees are not included in this category, including all women. All businesses have many part-time and temporary employees. These workers are hired and laid off during the course of the business cycle just as employees in the United States are. These “irregular workers” make up about 10 percent of the non-agricultural work force. Additionally, Japanese firms keep some flexibility through the large-scale use of subcontractors(转承包者). This practice is much more common in Japan than in the United States.

  The use of both subcontractors and temporary workers has increased remarkably in Japan since the 1974-1975 recessions. All this leads some people to argue that the Japanese system is not all that different from the American system. During recessions Japanese corporations lay off temporary workers and give less business to subcontractors. In the United States, corporations lay off those workers with the least seniority(资历). The difference then is probably less than the term “lifetime employment” suggests, but there still is a difference. And this difference cannot be understood without looking at the values of Japanese society. The relationship between employer and employee cannot be explained in purely contractual(合同的) terms. Firms hold on to the employees and employees stay with one firm. There are also practical reasons for not jumping from job to job. Most retirement benefits come from the employer. Changing jobs means losing these benefits. Also, teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production. Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily, possessing lower productivity and lower pay.

61.It is stated in the second paragraph that ____.

  A. defenders themselves do not appreciate the system

  B. about 90% of “irregular workers” are employed in agriculture

  C. the business cycle occurs more often in Japan and in the U.S.

  D. not all employees can benefit from the policy

62. During recessions those who are to be fired first in the U.S. corporations are ____.

  A. regular employees                         B. part-time workers

    C. junior employees                            D. temporary workers

63. According to the passage, Japanese firms are remarkably different from American firms in that the former ____.

  A. use subcontractors in larger amount

  B. are less flexible in terms of lifetime employment

  C. hold on to the values of society

  D. are more efficient in competition than the latter

64. Which of the following does NOT account for the fact that a Japanese worker is unwilling to change his job?

  A. He will probably be low-paid.

  B. He will not be able to possess some job benefits.

  C. He has got used to the teamwork.

  D. He will be looked down upon by his prospective employer.

65. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

  A. The guarantee of employment in Japan

  B. The consequence of the Japanese system

  C. The advantages of lifetime employment in Japan

  D. The expectations of capitalism

 

【答案】

 

 D

 C

 A

 D

 A

【解析】           

 

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A father in Wuhan, nicknamed "Eagle Dad" for his controversial parenting style, has dismissed critics' claims that he pushes his 4-year-old son too hard.

Police officer Wang Shaoyan came under the spotlight this month after his child took part in an 18-kilometer race in the Hubei provincial capital.

Some parents attacked his methods of extreme physical training, while others reacted strongly to his admission that he regularly exposes the youngster to cold showers. "I just want my son to reach his full potential," Wang said, adding that 4-year-old son not only runs 3 km every day he also takes cold showers from time to time to strengthen his body's resistance and willpower.

"He has never taken any sick leave from kindergarten," he said proudly. However, some parents find his methods too extreme.

"I'm not sure a 4-year-old is prepared for such intense training," said Zhang Ruxia  a woman who gave birth to two boys in October in Tianjin. "You can have good intentions to train your child at an early age but you also have to consider whether he can take it." Wang responded by saying children are too young to make decisions, and it is up to parents to lead them on the right path.

"I read many materials before and the whole process is step-by-step without pushing or imposing on my son," Wang said. The father said he was not acting rashly but following a scientific way of education. He said the doubts about his methods reflect the declining standards of modern education.

"Many people in Japan give their children cold showers too ,and no one is fussing about it," he said. The traditional way of education applied by most of his peers might not necessarily help bring the best out of a child he said.

Wang said in addition to the physical training, he has also laid out a detailed and particular program to strengthen the intelligence of the child. "I have hired some university students to expand his knowledge in natural sciences, while playing the video for English-language teaching as well," he said.

1.For what reason was Wang made known to the public?

A. He employed some college students to teach his son.

B. He made his kid take a long distance race.

C. He exposed his 4-year-old to cold showers.

D. He forced his youngster to run 3 km every day.

2.Which statement is supported by the parents who hold the opposite opinion?

A. Extreme physical training can explore children's full potentials.

B. Taking cold showers regularly is beneficial for children's development.

C. It's up to parents to lead children on the right path.

D. The way to educate children should agree with their age.

3.What does the phrase "fussing about” probably mean in the 8th paragraph?

A. Minding about.      B. Paying attention to.

C. Laughing at.  D. Talking about.

4.In Eagle Dad’s opinion, his extreme parenting was questioned because____.

A. he didn’t take it step by step in a scientific way

B. the highly tense work-out was misunderstood

C. modern education is not challenging enough

D. some parents were jealous of his success

 

A powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at two forty-six p.m. local time on March eleventh.2011. Japan's Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami(海啸) warnings just three minutes later. The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.

There are more than four thousand Seismic Intensity Meters in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity. These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening. Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes.

There are also concrete(混凝土) sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline. But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.

Costas Synolakis ,a tsunami expert at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles said,"Japan is one of those most well-prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning. They had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not expected the size of this event."

He says there are two reasons for this. Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last one hundred fifty years. And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan.

The nine point zero magnitude earthquake was the fourth most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide. It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as thirteen meters in some areas.

Costas Synolakis says Japan's concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves.

Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted

1.Where can this passage probably be adapted from?

A.A magazine on science                   B.A fairy Tale

C.A scientific fantasy book                  D.A newspaper

2.Which of the following statements NOT true ?

A.A terrible earthquake hit the northeastern coast of Japan

B.It was also the worst earthquake in Japan

C.The 9.0 earthquake was the fourth most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan

D.Japan's concrete sea walls was unable to handle such high waves.

3.According to Costas Synolakis, why did Japan suffer such a loss?

A.The country has never experienced any event as big as this one over the past 150 years

B.Japan has the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.

C.There are not concrete sea walls around all of the Japanese coastline

D.The government didn’t announce its first tsunami warnings three minutes earlier.

 

Japanese sailor Kenichi Horie has finished a 110-day solo (单独的) voyage across the Pacific Ocean in a boat pushed by sea waves to win another world first.

Weak waves and ocean water movements made his arrival late, which was going to be in late May.

“When waves were weak, the boat slowed down. That’s a problem that needs to be solved,” the adventure told reporters from his boat in western Japan. His 9.5-meter-long boat can move like a dolphin’s tail, and it rises or falls with the waves.

Horie reached his destination in the channel between the main Japanese islands just before midnight after covering about 7,000 kilometers from Hawaii.

Horie first made world record in 1962 when, at the age of 23, he became the first person to sail alone across the Pacific. He made the three-month voyage from his hometown in spite of breaking Japanese law, which did not allow his citizens to sail on their own out of the country, and without a passport or money.

He was arrested upon arrival in San Francisco but the city mayor freed him, gave him a 30-day visa and made him an honorary citizen. News of his achievement made him a hero back home in Japan and his book of the voyage In the Pacific was made into a film. Since then, he has completed many sailing trips across the Pacific and around the world.

After his latest adventure with an environmentally friendly theme, Horie planned to return to his hometown on Sunday. He said, “Throughout history, mankind has used wind for power, but no one has appeared to be serious about wave power.” Horie told the reporter, “I think I’m a lucky boy as this wave power system has remained untouched in fact.”

1.Horie’s boat was mainly powered by ________.

A.sea waves

B.sea winds

C.his strength

D.petrol

2.From the passage we learn that ________.

A.Horie undertook the voyage with a partner this time

B.it took Horie about twenty days more to cross the Pacific this time than in 1962

C.Horie made his first voyage across the Pacific alone fifty years ago

D.Horie’s destination is 7,000 kilometers from San Francisco

3.Horie was arrested in San Francisco after his voyage in 1962 mainly because ________.

A.he had broken Japanese law

B.he had kept it a secret from others

C.his action had put people in danger

D.he had no passport to America

4.Which of the following statements best proves that Horie’s latest voyage was meaningful?

A.He was made an honorary citizen of San Francisco.

B.In Japan he was regarded as a hero.

C.His voyage had the theme of protecting the environment.

D.He wrote an exciting book after the voyage.

5. The author wrote the article mainly to ________.

A.start an ocean crossing movement

B.tell us a piece of interesting news

C.make Horie known to the world

D.encourage people to learn from Horie

 

TOKYO —Imagine a bicycle seat connected by mechanical frames(机械支架) to a pair of shoes for an idea of how the new wearable assisted-walking machine from Honda works.

The experimental machine, showed on Friday, is designed to support bodyweight, reduce stress on the knees and help people organize steps and stay in crouching(蹲坐) positions.Honda showed a video of its employees wearing the machine.

Engineer Jun Ashihara also said the machine is useful for people standing in long lines and to people who run around to make deliveries.

"This should be as easy to use as a bicycle," Ashihara said."It reduces stress, and you should feel less tired."

To wear it, you put the seat between your legs, put on the shoes and push the “on” button.Then just start walking around.

In a test run for media, this reporter found it does take some time to get used to the machine.  “I could sense how it supported my moves, pushing up on my bottom when I crouched and pushing at my soles(脚底) to help lift my legs when I walked,” he said.

The system has a computer, a motor, gears(齿轮), batteries and sensors in it, so it responds to a person's movements, according to Honda Motor Co.

Pricing and commercial product plans are still undecided.Japan's No.2 automaker will begin testing a prototype(模型) later this month.

The need for such mechanical help is expected to grow in Japan, which has one of the most rapidly aging societies in the world.

Other companies are also eyeing the potentially attractive market of helping the weak and the old get around.Japan is among the world's leading nations in robotics technology, not only for industrial use but also for entertainment and companionship.

1.Honda's new wearable assisted-walking machine is mainly to      .

A.show Honda's power in technology B.protect the environment

C.meet the social needs in the future  D.improve social progress

2.According to the passage, the power of the new wearable assisted-walking machine is from_________.

A.manpower                     B.batteries

C.a computer                      D.the machine movement

3.It can be learned from the passage that              .

A.the new machine has been produced m large numbers

B.Honda will control the future market for the new machine

C.the price of Honda's new machine will be very low

D.the future market for the new machine will be promising

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A.Wearable machine that helps walk

B.Hondo's new bicycle for the old

C.Wearable machine helps go to work

D.New development of the bicycle

 

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