Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth.The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails.The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to puzzle you---appears to be the key to the finding.

       Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week.In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium.He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.

       His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists.Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the indirect contact of emailing would make it easier to lie.Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.

       But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time.People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says.This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.

       People are also more likely to lie in real time---in an instant message or phone call, say---than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock.He found many lies are spontaneous(脱口而出) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”

       Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate.For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth.But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.

Hancock’s study focuses on _______.

      A.the consequences of lying in various communications media

      B.the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas

      C.people are less likely to lie in instant messages

      D.people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media

Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that _____.

      A.people are less likely to lie instant messages

      B.people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions

      C.people are most likely to lie in email communication

      D.people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations

According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?

      A.They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies

      B.They believe that honesty is the best policy

      C.They tend to be relaxed wh en using those media

      D.They are most practised at those forms of communication

It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

      A.honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications

      B.suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes

       C.more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees

      D.email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company

Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth.The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails.The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to puzzle you---appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week.In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium.He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.
His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists.Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the indirect contact of emailing would make it easier to lie.Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time.People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says.This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time---in an instant message or phone call, say---than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock.He found many lies are spontaneous(脱口而出) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate.For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth.But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.
【小题1】Hancock’s study focuses on _______.

A.the consequences of lying in various communications media
B.the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas
C.people are less likely to lie in instant messages
D.people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media
【小题2】Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that _____.
A.people are less likely to lie instant messages
B.people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C.people are most likely to lie in email communication
D.people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
【小题3】According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?
A.They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies
B.They believe that honesty is the best policy
C.They tend to be relaxed wh en using those media
D.They are most practised at those forms of communication
【小题4】It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A.honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications
B.suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes
C.more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees
D.email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company

Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth.The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails.The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to puzzle you---appears to be the key to the finding.

Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week.In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium.He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.

His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists.Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the indirect contact of emailing would make it easier to lie.Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.

But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time.People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says.This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.

People are also more likely to lie in real time---in an instant message or phone call, say---than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock.He found many lies are spontaneous(脱口而出) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”

Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate.For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth.But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.

1.Hancock’s study focuses on _______.

A.the consequences of lying in various communications media

B.the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas

C.people are less likely to lie in instant messages

D.people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media

2.Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that _____.

A.people are less likely to lie instant messages

B.people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions

C.people are most likely to lie in email communication

D.people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations

3.According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?

A.They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies

B.They believe that honesty is the best policy

C.They tend to be relaxed wh en using those media

D.They are most practised at those forms of communication

4.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A.honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications

B.suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes

C.more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees

D.email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company

 

阅读理解。
        Big football matches are always exciting affairs. Besides the action on the field, the noise the crowd
makes really creates the unique atmosphere. At this summer’s World Cup, you can be sure that every
country’s fans will be in full voice, supporting their teams.
        The football chant(口号) is as old as the sport itself. It’s a way for fans to express their support for
their team. It’s common for the noise of supporters to provide the encouragement for a team to win a
match. Most agree that a chant is for building a great atmosphere and to support the team.
        One of the most famous football songs is the Liverpool club anthem(颂歌) You’ll Never Walk
Alone
,originally from a 1945 Broadway show, which was adopted by Liverpool and is sung before
every match. It has been said that as soon as the opposite hears the song, they become aware of how
tough winning at Anfield (Liverpool’s stadium) will be.
        The key to a good football song is that it should be simple. It has to be easy for all fans to sing along
with. When I went to watch Beijing Guo’an last season, I could join in one chant though I could only
speak a little Chinese. “Beijing wo ai ni,” the Guo’an fans sang - you didn’t have to be gifted to work out
what that meant.
        At the World Cup, the first songs you’ll hear at matches will be the national anthems. Fans and
players join together to sing the anthems before each match, and it is considered a mark of respect that
the opposite remains silent while each team’s anthem is being sung.
        So, even though I’ll be supporting England from home in the summer, you can be sure I’ll be chanting
at my TV: “En-ger-land, En-ger-land, En-ger-land!”
1. From the passage we can learn that _______.
A. a good football chant is usually very long
B. the football chant can express support to the team
C. the football chant appears later than football itself
D. a fan is talented to learn foreign languages
2. What can fans do to support their team?
A. To kick the ball on the field.
B. To fight with the opposition fans.
C. To provide encouragement with chants.
D. To donate money to the players.
3. Why the national anthems of both the teams can be heard at the World Cup?
A. Because it is a sign to show the respect to each other.
B. Because it is sung for the leaders of the host country.
C. Because it represents encouragement from their fans.
D. Because either team senses the support from their country.
4. Which of the following is the best title?
A. Football - A Popular Sport
B. National Anthems at Matches
C. You’ll Never Walk Alone
D. You’ll Never “Cheer” Alone

         Big football matches are always exciting affairs.Besides the action on the field, the noise the crowd makes really creates the unique atmosphere.At this summer’s World Cup, you can be sure that every country’s fans will be in full voice,supporting their teams.

       The football chant(口号)is as old as the sport itself.It’s a way for fans to express their support for their team.It’s not uncommon for the noise of supporters to provide the encouragement for a team to win a match.Most agree that a chant is for building a great atmosphere and to support the team.

        One of the most famous football songs is the Liverpool club anthem(颂歌)You’Never Walk Alone,originally from a 1945 Broadway show,which was adopted by Liverpool and is sung

before every match.It has been said that as soon as the opposite hears the song,they become

aware of how tough winning at Anfield (Liverpool’s stadium)will be.

       The key to a good football song is that it should be simple.It has to he easy for all fans to

sing along with.When I went to watch Beijing Guo’an last season, I could join in one chant

though I could only speak a little Chinese.“Beijing wo ai ni。”the Guo'an fans sang—you

didn't have to be gifted to work out what that meant.

       At the World Cup,the first songs you’ll hear at matches will he the national anthems.Fans and players join together to sing the anthems before each match, and it is considered a mark of

respect that the opposite remains silent while each team's an them is being sung.

       So, even though I’ll be supporting England from home in the summer, you can be sure I'll be

chanting at my TV:“En-ger-land, En-ger-land, En-ger-land!”

59.From the passage we can learn that         .

       A.a good football chant is usually very long

       B.the football chant can express support to the team

       C.the football chant appears later than football itself

       D.a fan is talented to learn foreign languages

60.What can fans do to support their team?

       A.To kick the ball on the field.

       B.To fight with the opposition fans.

       C.To provide encouragement with chants.

       D.To donate money to the players.

61.Why the national anthems of both the teams can be heard at the world Cup?

    A.Because it is a sign to show the respect to each other.

    B.Because it is sung for the leaders of the host country.

    C.Because it represents encouragement from their fans.

    D.Because either team senses the support from country.

62.Which of the following is the best title?

    A.You’ll Never“Cheer”Alone

    B.National Anthems at Matches

    C.You’ll Never Walk Alone

    D.Football—A Popular Sport

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