题目内容
| The best way to come first is to go last．An analysis of almost 50 years of competitions--including Eurovision Song Contests and world skating championships--has found that contestants are more likely to win if they are among the last to appear before the judges． The study by an American university appears to provide scientific proof(证据)that the best man，or woman，does not always win． It found that。on average，the last competitor to appear in the Eurovision Song Contest was more than twice as likely to win as the one who went on first． The first rounds of figure-skating championships，for which the running order is selected at random，showed more dramatic results．The final skater had a 1 4 per cent chance of victory，making him or her more than four times as likely to win as the first skater． The study showed a gradual worsening of chances for competitors who appeared earlier in the running order．A contestant who appears first in a contest is two per cent less likely to win than one who appears second．A contestant who appears second is two per cent less likely to win than one who appears third，and so on。 The findings are published in the March issue of Acta Psychologica，a scientific journal． Robert Hardman，a senior lecturer in psychology at London Metropolitan University who specializes in the science of decision-making，said that the results were interesting。He suggested that the effect was caused by the limitations of the human memory． “When people make comparisons；they aren’t really able to make a lot of fine-grade discrimination．When contestants appear at the beginning of a contest, judges have little to compare them to and are perhaps wary(谨慎的)of the scores they give,” he said． “Later on，when judges are able t0 compare the contestants to those that have gone before， they might give more extreme marks because they feel more confident about their judgments．” 1．Robert Hardman’s words mainly tell about his . A．own achievement in the research B．explanation for the findings C．suggestion to solve the problem D．comments on the findings 2．The first skater in the first round of figure skating championships had a percent chance of winning． A．two B．three C．four D．six 3．According to the study，the best competitor does not always win possibly because he／she _______. A．fails to show his／her very best B．is mistakenly put in the running order C．meets with unfair judges D．appears too early before the judges 4．Judging from the context，the underlined word “worsening” in the 5th paragraph should mean . A．decrease in number B．increase in degree C．reduction in possibility D．rising in quantity 5．What may be a problem with the judges according to the article? A．They can’t remember things well enough． B．They believe the first is seldom the best． C．They don’t really know what is good． D．They show favor towards the contestants they like． |
| 1—5 BBDCA |
| 1．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲的是研究结果。 2．细节理解题。第五段中讲到了这一点。 3．细节理解题。从第一段和第二段中得到答案。 4．猜测词义题。第五段中讲到“…worsening of chances for competitors who…” 5．细节理解题。倒数第三段最后一句话“…the effect was caused by the limitations of the human memory.” |
nglish learners. 
(节省) 【小题8】_______The fact that blind people can see things using parts of their bodies apart from their eyes may help us to understand our feelings about color．If they can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color without knowing it．Salesmen have discovered by experience over a long period of time that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered not agreeable to the taste, and that cosmetics（化妆品） should never be packed in brown．These discoveries have grown into a whole subject of color psychology．
Some of our preferences are clearly psychological．Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore connected with calm, while yellow is a day color connected with energy and encouragement．Experiments have shown that colors, partly because they are connected with psychology, also have a direct effect on people's mind．People in bright red surroundings show an increase in breathing speed, heartbeat and blood pressure．Red is exciting．Pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color．Being exciting, red was chosen as the signal for danger, but a closer study shows that a bright yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm, so fire engines in some advanced areas are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop buses, trucks and cars．
1.The passage tells us that salesmen have____ ．
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A．tried colors on blind people |
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B．found out that colors affect sales |
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C．developed a special subject of color psychology |
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D．discovered the relationship between color and psychology |
2.It can be inferred from the passage that__ _．
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A．blind people cannot sense color differences |
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B．foods sell well in green or blue wrappings |
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C．w hat color we prefer depends on our state of mind |
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D．a bright color has exactly the opposite effect to red |
3.The most effective color in the passage for warning people is____．
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A．red |
B．dark blue |
C．green |
D．bright yellow |
4.If someone is in an angry mood, which color is better for him to become quiet?
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A．Red． |
B．Dark blue． |
C．Brown． |
D．Bright yellow |
5.Which of the following do you think is the best title for the passage?
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A．Colors and Feelings |
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B．Colors and Sales |
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C．The Blind and Colors |
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D．Preferences for Colors |
Our listener question this week comes from Abdullahi Farah, who wants to know about the life and work of Doctor Benjamin Carson.
Doctor Carson is an internationally recognized doctor at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. He has been the director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at the hospital for twenty-five years. At the age of thirty-three, he became one of the youngest doctors in the United States to hold that position. And he was the first African-American to have that position at Johns Hopkins Hospital.
Ben Carson is known for his work as a brain surgeon for children. For example, in nineteen eighty-seven, he led a team of seventy doctors and nurses in an operation to separate two babies joined at the head. Earlier attempts by other surgeons on other babies had failed. Doctor Carson successfully performed the operation. Both babies were able to survive independently.
Doctor Carson has written four books. His first book, "Gifted Hands," tells the story of his life. Benjamin Carson was born in nineteen fifty-one in Detroit, Michigan.
As a boy, Ben was not a good student. In fact, he was the worst in his class. When his mother learned of his failing grades she asked her sons to read two library books every week. She limited the amount of time they watched television. And she told them to respect every person.
Ben Carson soon became the top student in his class. He went on to study at Yale University, one of the best universities in the country, and later to medical school at the University of Michigan.
Doctor Carson has received many awards and honors. Last year he received the nation's highest civilian honor. Former President George W. Bush presented Benjamin Carson with the Presidential Medal of Freedom at a ceremony at the White House.
1.The passage is probably taken from _____.
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A．a radio |
B．a magazine |
C．TV |
D．a paper |
2.What does the word “surgeons” in paragraph 3 mean?
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A．nurses |
B．doctors |
C．hospitals |
D．points |
3.Benjamin Carson’s change in study was largely because of ______
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A．his hard work |
B．his teacher |
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C．his mother |
D．his father |
4.What’s the aim to write the passage?
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A．To call on us to learn from Benjamin Carson. |
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B．To praise Benjamin Carson for his achievements. |
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C．To show us how Benjamin Carson succeeded |
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D．To introduce Benjamin Carson’s life and work |