Question

【题目】If you saw another kid ride her bike too fast around a corner and fall down, you might ride your bike more slowly on that turn. Yes, we humans are very sensitive to others' mistakes. And the same is true for other animals. Animals mess up all the time. They might eat poisonous leaves, fall off a tree or let their prey (猎物) slip away. By watching others fail, an animal can avoid making the same mistakes, thus improving its chance of survival.

Scientists suspected that one part of the brain helps animals process information about others' errors. Cells in that part appear to become more active when a person sees someone else making a mistake. But researchers didn't know whether individual cells in this part of the brain play different roles in detecting errors.

To investigate the brain's response to errors in more detail, the researchers taught a game to two macaques, a type of monkey. One monkey could press a yellow or green button while the other watched. If the first monkey pressed the right button, the team gave both animals a treat. Every couple of rounds, the two monkeys switched roles. Meanwhile, the scientists monitored individual cells in the animal's brains.

When the first monkey messed up the game by pressing the wrong button, a group of cells in the second monkey's brain fired. But if the second monkey also made the wrong choice during its turn, some of the cells in that group didn't respond. Those unresponsive cells reacted specifically to mistakes made by others, not to the monkey's own mistakes.

Scientists believe other parts of the brain also might help people process information about another's errors. "You start to think about this other person and see things from his angle. " Ellen de Bruijn, told Science News. She studies the brain at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands.

【1】 According to Paragraph 1 , animals' ability to learn from others' mistakes ______.

A. used to be ignored by humans

B. ensures that they will never fail

C. is being lost because of humans

D. helps them to survive better

【2】The underlined word "detecting" in Paragraph 2 probably means "______".

A. correcting B. making

C. sensing D. drawing

【3】 In the experiment mentioned, those unresponsive cells are only sensitive to ______.

A. the same buttons B. others' mistakes

C. one's own mistakes D. the monkey's brain

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】B

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，人类对别人的错误很敏感，同样，动物也是这样。本文通过实验说明了大脑只对别人的错误有反映，但是却对自己不会有反映，这个发现引导人们从犯错误的人的角度看问题。

【1】细节题。文章第一段最后一句 By watching others fail, an animal can avoid making the same mistakes, thus improving its chance of survival.通过观察其他动物的失败，一种动物可以避免犯相似的错误，这样就提高了它生存的机会。故选D

【2】分析推断题。结合该段科学家怀疑动物大脑的一部分帮助动物处理别人错误的信息。这部分的细胞通常会在看到某人犯错的时候会变得活跃。但是科学家们不知道是大脑中这部分的个体细胞在-----错误的时候有着不同作用。根据这一段中的内容，可以推测出这里的词意思为感受。故选C

【3】细节题。倒数第二段最后一句Those unresponsive cells reacted specifically to mistakes made by others, not to the monkey's own mistakes.。这些迟钝的细胞尤其对别人犯的错误有反应，而不是对猴子自己的错误。故选B