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1.It astonishes me that the book i______________ for children under 12 is now being used to educate adults.

2.Energetic and relaxed people are less l____________ to catch a cold than those who are nervous or angry.

3.At first, we were suspected, but we finally c___________ them of our honesty.

4.After moving into the beautiful house, she often e___________ her friends at weekends.

5.With New Year’s day a__________, our class decided to throw a party to celebrate this important occasion for a new start.

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Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.

On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.

Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.

No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.

1.The underlined word “maintain” in Para.1 probably means_______.

A. keep B. build C. recreate D. evaluate

2.According to the author, the teacher should _______.

A. free students from outside pressures

B. set the standards and rules on his own

C. be responsible for a well-organized class

D. focus more on instruction and evaluation

3. From the passage we can learn that ______.

A. rules cannot be changed once they’re formed

B. outside pressures can not cause tension among students

C. if the teacher well unites his students, he then will finish his task

D. if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess

4.What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?

A. To provide information for teaching.

B. To show the importance of teaching a class.

C. To study the teacher’s behavior in the classroom.

D. To compare the teacher’s behavior with the students’ in class.

The party last night was ______ success. We sang and danced until it came to ______ end at 12:00.

A. a; an B. a; the C. the; an D. /; an

I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives (观点) by creating worlds we could step into, take part in and live in.

With this unshakable belief, I, at fourteen, decided to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other people’s writing can one discover what works, what doesn’t and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has.

Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read fiction (文学作品)．As a law student, my reading is in fact limited to subject matter — the volume (量) of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything else. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life. Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldn’t necessarily be able to have in my lifetime.

1.What can be inferred about the author as a child?

A. He never watched TV.

B. He read what he had to.

C. He found reading unbelievable.

D. He considered reading part of his life.

2.The underlined word “voice” in the second paragraph most probably means “ ”.

A. an idea B. a sound quality

C. a way of writing D. a world to write about

3.What effect does reading have on the author?

A. It helps him to realize his dream.

B. It opens up a wider world for him.

C. It makes his college life more interesting.

D. It increases his interest in worldwide travel.

4.Which of the following can be the best title of this text?

A. Why do I read? B. How do I read?

C. What do I read? D. When do I read?

Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have existed on the planet, and they can grow to a length of 100 feet and weigh more than 330,000 pounds. But recently researchers have found that these whales are on the move and they have migrated from California waters to areas off Canada and Alaska for the first time since commercial whaling ended in 1965.

The researchers identified 15 blue whales that have appeared off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska since 1997. Four of these whales were recognized as ones that were once sighted off California shores, suggesting that the whales are returning to an old migration pattern between the coasts.

Before commercial whaling began in the early 1900s, blue whales were found widely throughout the North Pacific and California waters. But from the 1920s to the 1960s,whaling severely reduced the whale populations. Blue whales never recovered in the Northern Pacific, making sightings in this area rare. However, much larger groups of whales have been observed close to California since the 1970s.

The scientists had previously thought that the California population was separate from the population that had historically lived in North Pacific waters. But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.

To identify the blue whales, the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean and compared them with a library of blue whale pictures taken along the West Cost of the United States and Southern Pacific. Up to now, the researchers are not quite sure why the whales are changing their migration patterns, but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north by the changes in ocean conditions.

1.According to the passage, blue whales are .

A. following a fixed route of migration

B. dying out due to commercial whaling

C. moving from the south to the north

D. rarely found in the Southern Pacific

2.The whale population in the northern Pacific .

A. is different from the California population

B. is probably part of the California population

C. has become the largest group since the 1970s

D. has lived there since the 1960s

3.The underlined word "cetaceans" in Paragraph 5 probably means .

A. land creatures B. whale species

C. ocean conditions D. migration patterns

4.What might make blue whales migrate according to the researchers?

A. Commercial whaling. B. Weather conditions.

C. Life reproduction. D. Food resources.

Although he will always be remembered for starring “Superman,” the greatest role of actor Christopher Reeve’s life was as a champion of sufferers of spinal cord （脊椎） injuries and an supporter of stem cell （干细胞） research.

Unlike the man of steel, he wasn’t faster than a speeding bullet, more powerful than an engine and he couldn’t leap tall buildings in a single bound. But the courage and determination Reeve showeed in trying to overcome his paralysis （瘫痪） from a 1995 horse-riding accident went beyond any of the achievements of the comic book hero.

“He became a real-life Superman. His heroism, his courage was extraordinary,” Colin Blakemore, the chief executive of Britain’s Medical Research Council said. “Like many people who suffer some terrible injuries, Christopher Reeve was totally changed by that experience and brought the kind of energy and enthusiasm that made him successful as a film star to an entirely different issue, with huge effect.”

Reeve, 52, died of heart failure on October 10, 2004 after having treatment for an infected pressure wound without realizing his dream of walking again. But in the nine years since his accident, he made personal progress to regain respect and admiration, founded the Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation, a non-profit research organization, and used his fame to raise millions of dollars for research into spinal cord injuries.

He also provided hope and inspiration to other patients and made speeches to support scientists to be allowed to conduct stem cell research in the hopes of eventually curing paralysis and other illnesses such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.

“He has been our champion. If you think of spinal injuries, you automatically recall a picture of Christopher Reeve,” said Paul Smith, executive director of the Spinal Injuries Association in England. It is because of Reeve that spinal cord injuries and stem cell research are so widely discussed, according to Smith. The fact that it happened to Reeve showed it can affect anyone, even Superman.

Reeve did not live long enough to see whether stem cell research could help restore movement to the paralyzed. The research is still in its early days and no one knows what advances it may bring.

1.Which of the following words can best describe the characteristics of Reeve?

A. strong-willed and caring

B. tough and persuasive

C. caring and reliable

D. sympathetic and considerate

2.The purpose of paragraph 2 is to show us that ______.

A. Reeve was not as capable as the image he acted in his film

B. the image of Superman created by Reeve will always be remembered

C. Reeve is no more than an ordinary person when he was faced with paralysis

D. the inspiring image in Reeve’s real life was even greater than that in his film

3.Reeve made the following contributions to the scientific research except______.

A. setting up a non-profit research organization

B. winning public respect and admiration by overcoming obstacles

C. influencing the world by making speeches on stem cell research

D. struggling for the permission to conduct stem cell research

4.It can be implied from the passage that ______.

A. Reeve remained optimistic after suffering from paralysis

B. stem cell research has long been a controversial subject

C. paralysis can happen to anyone no matter how strong he seems

D. some presently incurable illnesses are to be cured in the near future

5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. A Fighter of Spinal Cord Injuries

B. A Real Hero in Film

C. A Forever Superman

D. A Struggling Life

It was the boy, rather than his teachers, that _____________ for what the boy had done.

A. were to blame B. were to be blamed

C. was to blame D. was to be blamed

短文改错

We may have different opinion in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to dealing with such a situation. When I have a better idea, I would choose to stick to them. By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others and also learn to express myself clear.

Once we were discussing why to go for an outing. Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nice place. I manage to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea. We did have a good time on that day. Good opinions are worth sticking because they can benefit us all.

Do you like somewhere a little bit different to the usual types of places you find on the high street? I do，so I’m glad to see new ones popping up(冒出)everywhere in London.

The so called pop-up shop is a temporary arrangement．In the aftermath(余波)of the financial crisis of 2008，many businesses had to shut down．Shops，warehouses and offices were left vacant when they stopped trading．Pop-up enterprisers occupied some of them quickly. For them the appeal of this temporary shopping concept is clear：they can start a business with much 1ower risk．The temporary nature of a pop-up shop gives the opportunity to test a product and develop a customer base，without being tied in to a long-term renting contract. Being small makes it much easier for pop-ups to expand if they are successful·

Pop-up shops first appeared in the UK in the early 2000s，with the economy booming. They were originally a way for small companies to rent retail space(零售场所)in great locations. This was while landlords who owned these spaces looked for permanent renters.

Pop-up shops can take a number of different forms．They might be temporary shops in the high street or a shopping centre．They might be simple market stalls(摊位). They could be based in some kind of transport，like a food truck．Or they could be run by people who visit different establishments，like travelling chefs who take over pub and restaurant kitchens temporarily．

According to a report by the Centre of Economic and Business Research，the pop-up industry was worth￡2.1bn and is expected to grow by 8.4％this year．Almost anything that can be on a high street can also be a pop-up．There have been pop-up shops，art galleries，theatres and restaurants among others．In an age of fast-changing habits，the pop-up idea might be here to stay．

1.What nature of the pop-up shops appeals many small companies?

A．Long-terra benefits． B．Lower prices.

C．Quick service． D．Temporary shopping concept．

2.Pop-up shops first appeared mainly because__________.

A．the economy hadn’t recovered

B．the economy was doing well

C．shops couldn’t meet needs

D．enterprisers failed in their business

3.Which groups are the main people involved in setting up pop-up shops?

①enterprisers ②landlords ③travelling chefs ④truck drivers

A．①③ B．②④ C．①② D．③④

4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Pop-ups might be booming．

B．The pop-up idea is not promising．

C．The pop-up industry is growing slowly．

D．Pop-up shops are difficult to run．

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