The temperature of the sun is over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The sun is so much hotter than the earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core(核心). In the core of the sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the sun can never be directly observed.

Solar astronomers do know that the sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zone and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the sun’s atmosphere. But since the sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the sun begins.

The sun’s outermost layer begins about 10,000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the sun that can be seen during an eclipse (日食) such as the one in February 1979. At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare(刺眼的强光)of the sun’s rays.

The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The corona’s rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spikelike (一束束穗状) rays near the sun’s north and south poles. The corona is thickest at the sun’s equator.

The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets. By the time the sun’s corona rays reach the earth, they are weak and invisible.

1.Matter on the sun can exist only in the form of gas because of the sun’s ______.

A. size B. age

C. location D. temperature

2.With what topic is the second paragraph mainly concerned?

A. How the sun evolved.

B. The structure of the sun.

C. Why scientists study the sun.

D. The distance of the sun from the planets.

3.All of the following are parts of the sun’ s atmosphere EXCEPT the _______.

A. corona B. chromosphere

C. photosphere D. core

4.The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses which of the following?

A. The remaining layers of the sun.

B. The evolution of the sun to its present form.

C. The eclipse of February 1979.

D. Scientists will cost more money on researching the corona.

I spent my childhood walking a fine line between being an energetic young boy and avoiding contact sports to protect my eyesight. I had lost the sight in one eye at the age of five, so instead of football, I put my energy into rowing and sailing. By the time I was 22, I was working towards rowing for my country.

Then, during a training session, I noticed my vision was unclear in my remaining eye. I had an operation and spent two weeks with bandages over my eyes. Sadly, it didn’t work, and the second operation two months later was also a failure. My world came crashing down. I had been flying high---- as well as my shining rowing career, I had been about to take my finals and get a job in the city. Now, as my fellow graduates celebrated their results, I lay in my childhood bedroom, angry. I would wake up in the morning and convince myself I could see a shadow, but I felt bitterly angry when I realized I couldn’t.

Previously, I had lots of assumptions about blind people, but now I joined their ranks. I had no choice but to change my attitude. I started to realize that my challenge was not about seeing but about creating a new life for myself. The simple pleasure of just sitting in a café and watching the world go by or even making eye contact with anyone is no longer possible. I had to rethink how to engage with the world. As much as I disliked the things of blindness---- white sticks, talking computers and guide dogs---- I welcomed these as the tools that would enable me to regain my independence. I moved out of my mum’s house and got a job in entertainment. I also started seeking out projects that would help me get out and mix with people. A big part of my identity has always been about the thrill of competing---- success and failure. I am excited when I am giving it my all, so I started to compete again, first in rowing and then in extreme physical challenges such as completing six marathons in seven days in Gobi desert. Filling my life with experiences helped to sweep the blindness to one side.

It took me 10 years really to deal with losing my sight. When I walked to the South Pole in 2009, the first blind person ever to go there, standing shoulder to shoulder with sighted people, I felt “normal” again.

But two years ago, my sense of “being normal” was challenged again. I was staying at a friend’s house when I fell out of a second-floor window onto the ground below. I have no idea how it happened---- I was just going to bed but ended up waking up in hospital. I hurt my brain, and my back in three places. I discovered that I couldn’t feel my legs. Doctors said that there was a 12-week period for sensation(知觉) to return, and when this came and went with no change in my legs, I began to despair.

I was due to get married, but on the day of our wedding my fiancée(未婚妻) was sitting by my bedside as I prepared for another operation to put metalwork in my back.

I’m still in a wheelchair, but I refuse to accept that my story ends here. I have got involved with a training program, which aims to redirect the nerve pathways in my legs through training. I’m now teaching myself to use sit-skis and a hand-powered bike. I’m sure how I’d manage emotionally without a sporting goal to drive myself forward. It has saved my life in a way. I may never win a gold medal, but that doesn’t stop me trying.

1.After the second operation, the writer __________________.

A. was full of confidence

B. found a job in the city

C. lost his sight completely

D. lay in bed sleeplessly

2.The challenge mentioned in Paragraph 3 refers to ________________.

A. building a new life

B. being unable to see any more

C. replacing the things for the blind

D. making eye contact with others

3.Having fallen out of a second-floor window, the writer felt despaired because _______________.

A. his fiancée broke away from him

B. he didn’t know how it took place

C. he might be unable to walk forever

D. he had to put metalwork in his back

4.We can learn from the passage that _________________.

A. the writer is a person who never gives up

B. the blindness has made the writer lose heart

C. winning a gold medal is impossible for the writer

D. the writer has never received any training in sports

书面表达

请阅读下列短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

Following a four-day meeting of the Communist Party of China Central Committee in Beijing, the central government announces that China allows two children for every couple.

The People's Congress at provincial level or its standing committee has revised local regulations or made new ones, with the support and guidance of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, Jiang said.

"The number of new births will definitely increase in the coming years and we estimate that the peak will be over 20 million newborn babies," said Wang Pei'an, vice-minister of the National Health and Family Planning Commission.

At present, about 60 percent of China's child-bearing women are over 35 years old, which means an increase of 'elderly' mothers will be witnessed in China in the next few years, Wang said in a news release on Friday.

"It's safe to say that the two-child policy won't bring huge pressure on food security and basic public services, such as health, education and employment," Wang said. He estimated that another 30 million working people aged between 15 and 59 will be added by 2050. "It will benefit economic growth in the long term," Wang added.

【写作内容】

1. 有约30个单词写出上文概要;

2. 有约120个单词就“二胎政策”这一话题谈谈你的看法,内容包括:

(1)你同意你父母亲生二胎吗?表明你的态度并说明理由(至少2点);

(2)试分析中国实行二胎政策的好处。(至少两点)

参考词汇:兄弟姐妹:sibling

【写作要求】

1. 在作文中可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不能直接引用文中原句。

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

3. 不必写标题。

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You may have experienced the frustration(挫败感)of being slapped with a parking fine(罚款)or finding your car held firmly in the place after leaving it parked precariously(不安全的) for a couple of minutes. But now a high-tech car sticker that's designed to be stuck to a car’s windscreen, could help motorists avoid such a situation by allowing a traffic warden(管理员)to get in touch with them.

The TowStop sticker sends a text message to a driver when it is touched by a traffic warden, to allow motorists to send a reply and give them time to move their car immediately. It’s designed to save drivers time and money by giving them a chance to move their car instead of having it towed(拖) away but relies on the good will of traffic wardens. Frankfurt-based IT consultant(顾问), Daniel Kalliontzis, came up with the idea and is raising funds on Indiegogo to put his ?54 (£43) sticker into production.

Car owners can buy the sticker and place it inside their car's windscreen, having set it up with important information, such as their phone number. The message will ask them to move their car immediately .The driver could then type a reply for the warden using their smartphone, which will appear on the sticker's screen. They may choose to write something along the lines of back in two minutes in a bid to avoid a fine.

The smart sticker system will rely on the good will of traffic wardens and critically, a German law. The law states: An officer has to choose the most efficient and inexpensive way for the car owner to remove the vehicle. It could be cheaper for the authorities to contact the driver than to tow his car.

1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To arouse readers’ interest in the new invention.

B. To tell readers some ways of parking cars.

C. To show drivers how to avoid parking fine.

D. To disclose(揭示)how traffic wardens fine drivers.

2.Daniel Kalliontzis came up with the idea of the slicker so that______.

A. traffic can be smooth

B. drivers can avoid being fined

C. cars can be put in safe places

D. laws can be carried out

3.If traffic warden wants to send a text message to the driver, he should_______.

A. slap the windscreen B. strike the wheel

C. use a smartphone D. touch the sticker

4.From the passage we know that________.

A. a German traffic warden is required to remind car owners to move their cars

B. the TowStop sticker will cost drivers much time and money

C. not many drivers will mind being fined

D. car owners must buy the stickers by law

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