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    If you're training for a marathon , a proper plan for water intake (摄入) is important . Of course , there's
the risk of dehydration (脱水) . But athletes now know they can also get into trouble by drinking to much .
To much water intake can lower levels of sodium (钠) in the blood . The death of a 28-year-old woman
following the Boston Marathon caught the attention of many runners and led to new research .
     Experts advise long distance runners to replace the liquids they sweat out . Their goal is to try to keep
someone from not getting dehydrated by more than 2 percent of their body weight .
     One technique for deciding how much water you need is to get the exact numbers . Runners have to
weight themselves before and after a run to determine how much water they've lost . If their weight drops
by more than 2 percent , they have not drunk enough water.
     Hyponatremia occurs when runners drink so much water that blood salt levels drop off . A study
published last year tested 488 runners who completed the Boston Marathon and found 13 percent of them
had dangerously low blood salt levels . The first sign that runners may notice is slightly swelling in the
hands . They can't get their rings off , and then they might feel sick . They may not remember where they
are . In fact , most runners get enough salt to get back to normal levels by eating just one meal after a run .
Contrary to the old advice that runners should drink as much as they can to prevent dehydration , the new
research has shown that the body is a remarkable machine that actually tells you via thirst when you need
water .
1．The author of this passage is primarily concerned with        .
A．the signs and treatment for dehydration
B．the long distance runners who need help
C．how to manage water intake during a marathon
D．a 28-year-old woman who died after a Boston Marathon
2．Why do runners have to weigh themselves before and after a run ?
A．They can improve their performance in a run .
B．They can learn how much salt there is in the blood .
C．They ca know the quantity of water they've lost during a run .
D．They can decide what kind of water they should take during a run .
3．What conclusion can we draw from the passage ?
A．Taking much salt during a run can avoid selling in the body .
B．Either too much or to little of water intake is harmful .
C．A rich meal is helpful to our performance in a run .
D．We should take enough salt during a run .
4．According the passage, which of the following statements is correct ?
A．Too much water intake→blood sodium levels ?→dehydration .
B．Too much water intake→blood salt levels ?→hyponatremia .
C．No water intake→blood sodium levels↑→hyponatremia .
D．No water intake →blood salt levels ?→hyponatrenmia .
1-4. CCBB
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If you see someone drowning，speed is very important．Once you get him out of the water，if he isn’t breathing，you have four minutes before his brain is completely damaged．Support his neck，and tilt his chin upwards．This stops the tongue blocking the air way in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again．If that doesn’t work，start mouth-to-mouth breathing．Press his nostrils together with your fingers．Open your mouth wide and take a deep breath．Blow into his lungs until his chest rises，and then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute，and keep going until professional help arrives．

    To bring a child back to life，keep your lips around its mouth and nose and gently blow into its mouth．Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen．If，in spite of your efforts，it starts turning blue grey color，and you can feel no pulse，then pressing its chest is the last chance of saving its life．

    With arms straight，rock forward，pressing down on the lower half of the breastbones．Don’t be too hard or you may break a rib．Check how effective you are by seeing if his color improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing．If this happens，stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until an ambulance arrives．

1．If you want to save someone drowning，you _________.

    A．have to pull off your clothes first

    B．should hurry to get him out of water as soon as possible

    C．should first make out who he is

    D．ought to throw a lifeboat to the person first

 2．Once a person stops breathing，it means _________.

    A．you have no more than 4 minutes to bring him to life again

    B．his brain is completely damaged

    C．he has passed away

D．there is no way to save his life

3．To press his chin upwards is a way to _________.

  A．keep the tongue blocking the air way in the throat

  B．prevent the tongue from stopping the air way in the throat

  C．swing the tongue out of the throat

  D．see if he can possibly be saved

4. In doing mouth-to-mouth breathing, you have to_________.

   A. open your mouth wide

   B. take a deep breath

   C. blow into his lungs

   D. do all of the above

5. To bring a child back to life, we usually _________.

   A. blow into his mouth first

   B. press breastbone hard immediately

   C. call for an ambulance first

   D. check his color and pulse first

 
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     If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pro- nunciation, you
are wrong. Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?
     According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase
in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the
area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
     The study also found the effect is greater, the younger people learn a second language.
     A team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who
only spoke English. They were compared with a group of "early bilinguals" who had learnt a second
language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
     Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people
without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller
the difference.
     "Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second
language," said the scientists.
     It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
     Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. "Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain
more flexible (灵活的),"he said. "You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas."
     The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second
language between the ages of two and 34. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The
results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. "Studying a language means you get an
entrance to another world," explained the scientists.

1. Tire main subject talked about in this passage is ______.
A. science on learning a second language
B. man's ability of learning a second language
C. 1anguage can help brain power
D. 1anguage learning and maths study

2. In the second paragraph, the writer mentions "exercise" in order to ______.
A. say language is also a kind of physical labor
B. prove that one needs more practice when he (she) is learning a language
C. to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language
D. make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well

3. We may know from the scientific findings that ______.
A. the earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is
B. there is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn't
     know a second language
C. the experience of learning a second language has bad effect on people's brain
D. the ability of learning a second language is changing all the time

4. The underlined word "bilingual'' probably means ______.
A. a researcher on language learning
B. a person who is good at learning foreign languages
C. a person who can speak two languages
D. an active language learner
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     If cars had wings,they could fly and that just might happen, beginning in 2012.The company
Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its carplane, the Transition,
to customers by the end of 2012.
     "It's the next 'wow' vehicle,"said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh. "Anybody can buy
a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris don't fly."
     The car plane has wings that unfold for flying-a process the company says takes one
minute-and fold back up for driving. A runway is still required to take off and land.
     The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is
both. The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations.
     The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper
way to fly. They say it saves you the trouble of trying to find another mode of transportation to get
to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then you're good to go. When you land,
you fold up the wings and hit the road. There are no expensive parking fees because you don't have
to store it at an airport-you park it in the garage at home.
     The carplane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet. It has a maximum takeoff weight of
1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers. Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for
an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal(临界)
conditions.
    The Transition's price tag: $194,000. But there may be additional charges for options like a radio,
transponder or GPS. Another option is a fullplane parachute.
     "If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option," Gersh said.
      So far, the company has more than 70 orders with deposits. "We're working very closely with
them, but there are still some remaining steps," Brown said.
1. We can learn from the first paragraph that________. 
A. carplanes will be popular in 2012
B. people might drive a carplane in 2012
C. both Transition and Ferrari can take off and land
D. Richard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts
2. It takes the carplane one minute to________.
A. fold and unfold its wings          
B. unfold wings for flying
C. land in the airport                
D. meet flying safety regulations
3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? 
A. The carplane needs a runway to take off and land.
B. To meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA.
C. The carplane may fly as high as normal planes.
D. People can park the carplane in the garage at their home.
4. The underlined word "it" in the last but one paragraph refers to________.
A. the radio    
B. the transponder      
C. the GPS    
D. the fullplane parachute
5. What's the best title for the passage? 
A. Cars With Wings May Be Just Around The Corner
B. Which To Choose: A Ferrari Or A CarPlane?
C. A More Convenient And Cheaper Way To Fly
D. Cars With Wings Can Fly As Fast As Plane
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     If you were walking around a supermarket and saw a woman with a shaved head, a ring through her
nose, a totem design on her arm and she has a small child in her shopping trolley, what would your
opinion be? Do you think this kind of body decoration is attractive or ugly? Different people have different ideas. The following are some examples of body decoration from around the world.
     In many parts of Africa, it is thought that an attractive girl should have really shinny skin. On Bali, a little island in Indonesia, they believe that a beautiful woman or a handsome man must have perfectly straight,
flat teeth. The Balinese believe that teeth with pointed edges make you look like an ugly wild animal. So
when a girl or boy becomes a teenager, he or she is taken to a special person in their village who will file
off teeth points to make them smooth and flat. There is no anesthetic and this tooth filing is really painful. It
is a kind of test. If you can stand it without screaming or crying too much, then you are thought ready to
become an adult.
     In Myanmar, there is a small group of people who are called the "Padaung". They believe that a woman can only be really beautiful if she has a long neck. I mean a VERY long neck. Now you might think that
you are either born with a long or short neck and that there's nothing whatever you can do about it. But
you would be wrong! At around the age of 5, a Padaung girl has heavy metal rings fitted around her neck,
tightly between the chin and shoulders. Each year more rings are added and very, very slowly their weight pushes the shoulders down, in this way making the neck look longer. A Padaung woman will wear her
neck rings all her life, never once taking them off.
    So now I'm sure you will all agree that different people have different ideas about what is beautiful.
1. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 1?
A. Women's design.      
B. Beautiful body decoration.
C. Attractive decoration.  
D. Body decoration.
2. What does the underlined word "trolley" in the first paragraph mean? 
A. handbag        
B. luggage      
C. shopping cart      
D. basket
3. On Bali, it is believed that _____________.
A. a person with sharp teeth looks ugly    
B. a person with straight, flat teeth looks ugly
C. a teenager's teeth points must be filed off with anesthetic
D. no one will scream or cry when having his teeth points filed off
4. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Most African people think that a girl with shinny skin is beautiful.
B. Many people think that woman with a ring through nose is neither attractive nor ugly.
C. It is thought that a beautiful woman should have straight, flat teeth on Bali.
D. Some people think it beautiful that a woman has a long neck in Myanmar.
5. What is the best title of the passage?  
A. Who Is a Beautiful Woman?           
B. Inner beauty
C. Different Ideas about Beautiful        
D. Body Decoration
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     If you haven't heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you've probably
been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon,
considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving or
Road Rage recently if you drive at all.
     While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as
disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association,
41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those deaths, the agency estimates that about
two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.
     Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed
almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably
partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on
the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by
35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means
more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people
have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and
activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to
short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.
     You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised.
For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard an
another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of
these situations, watch out!
     Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there
are things you can do to avoid any major conflict. If you are easily influenced by Road Rage, the
key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver's rage,
do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact
and getting out of their way.
1. The first sentence in Para. 1 implies that ______.  
A. one may be angered by media reports and wants to avoid them
B. the media coined the term "Road Rage" only a few months ago
C. Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months
D. people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings
2. The underlined word "spell" in Para. 3 means ________.
A. relieve                
B. cause            
C. spread              
D. prevent
3. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?
A. Talking while driving.              
B. Driving at high speed. 
C. Sounding the horn when passing.      
D. Shouting at another driver.
4. The last paragraph is intended to _________. 
A. tell people how to deal with Road Rage 
B. inform people how aggressive drivers could be 
C. show people how to control themselves when angry 
D. warn people against eye contact with another driver

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