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Injuries and deaths caused by driving after drinking are preventable. Sadly, actions by the police can only catch a small number of drunk drivers on the roads. It is up to each person to make the decisions. 1. So we should help guide our friends and persuade them to avoid driving after drinking. Here are some tips.

Start talking to the person early. With every drink, judgment becomes increasingly uncontrolled. 2. So as soon as your friend starts drinking, you should try to persuade him to make a plan to get home safely. Remember, after he gets drunk, he may not listen to you.

Help the person realize he is drunk. Talk to him and show him that he is increasingly clumsy. 3. For example, ask who you can call to pick him up, or what public transport he would like to use. If he knows he is drunk, he may follow your advice.

Make last efforts. If all else fails and a drunk person wants to drive home, threaten to call the police or take his keys. 4. When he is not concentrated, take his keys. This may make it easier to convince him to take a cab home. Remember, don’t give him the keys even if he’s angry.

5. If you once drove home after you got drunk, your friend may not listen to you. So in order to succeed in persuading your friend to avoid driving after drinking, you should behave yourself first.

A. Ask him where his keys are.

B. Set a good role model.

C. Give him an alternative way to get home.

D. But it isn’t easy to make the right decisions.

E. Make him realize drinking makes him look like a fool.

F. The police will come to help you out once you call them.

G. It means the more one drinks, the less likely that he will listen to you.

Earlier this week, I wrapped up (圆满完成) a 5-day trip in San Francisco. I woke up a few hours before sunrise, drove through the darkness and out of the city, hiked for 30 minutes to the top of a hill overlooking the Golden Gate Bridge, and snapped(拍摄) this photo. As I stood there soaking in the early morning light, I was reminded of an important lesson.

When I arrived in San Francisco, I told myself, “Just take photos as you do other things.” My primary goal was to meet with friends and so I figured I could take pictures as we walked around the city. This resulted in exactly zero photos worth sharing. I had vague ideas like, “I’d like to do some street photography,” but I never went out with the intent of photographing something specific. Finally, on the last morning, I went out with the intent of capturing a specific picture and I ended up with something worth sharing. My mistake was that I assumed that because I wanted to take photos, I would end up getting a desirable result.

How often do you do this in your own life? We go to the gym to “work out” without trying to become better at something specific. We wish that we were more creative, but never work on a particular project. When you commit to a task, however, then the next step is obvious. You want to take a picture of the Golden Gate Bridge at sunrise? Next step: find a good spot. You’ve found a good spot? Next step: wake up early and drive there.

This is perhaps the most shocking thing: if box yourself in, then you’ll begin to break out and achieve something greater than you ever imagined.

1.What’s the author’s original purpose of the trip?

A. To take pictures.B. To attend lessons.

C. To visit friends.D. To enjoy sunrise.

2.What lesson did the author learn?

A. A given task leads to achievement.

B. Stick to your own decision.

C. Get ready for challenges.

D. Hard work pays off.

3.What are you advised to do first when you want to get stronger physically?

A. Make a detailed outline.

B. Go to work out immediately.

C. Discuss the ways with coaches.

D. Choose a certain muscle group.

4.What’s the function of the last paragraph?

A. To introduce a new topic.

B. To draw a conclusion.

C. To make a suggestion.

D. To ask readers to reflect on something.

When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescription.It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo.

A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or ail empty capsule. Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen?

The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The doctor will heal the body for us if we let it. But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better.

Placebos do not always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all.

A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will also show a bad reaction to the placebo. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about it.

The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo.

1.What do we know about placebo according to the passage?

A. It contains some sort of medicine.

B. It won’t function if you are negative about medicine.

C. People who don’t believe placebo can’t be healed by it.

D. Patients and doctors know clearly how it helps to heal the body.

2.Why is the doctor sometimes the most powerful placebo?

A. The patient needs help badly.

B. The patient believes in the doctor.

C. The doctor knows better about your body.

D. The doctor has carefully studied medicine.

3.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A. The placebo. B. The bad effect.

C. The body. D. The medicine.

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A. Placebo:Work on Your Mind

B. Placebo:The Most Powerful Medicine

C. Placebo:The Best Doctor

D. Placebo:Heal Your Body

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