Authors Florence and Marita Littauer have written a book called Getting Along with Almost Anybody．It details the four types of people．Which one are you? Sanguine Sanguine people have appealing perso 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Authors Florence and Marita Littauer have written a book called Getting Along with Almost Anybody．It details the four types of people．Which one are you?

Sanguine

Sanguine people have appealing personalities．Everyone wants to be around them．They are natural and exciting，and they know how to have fun!

But sanguine people have weaknesses，too．They can be too talkative and too loud．They sometimes speak without thinking．

Choleric

These people aye the leaders among us．Words like coincident，independent and motivated （有动机的）describe choleric people．They know exactly what they want，and won’t stop until they get it! They are usually adventurous and willing to take risks．

Choleric people don’t cry or show much emotion at all．But because they show so little emotion，they often have no sympathy for very emotional people．They can be bossy and impatient．They are also very competitive．

Melancholic

If you need to talk to someone about a problem，talk to a melancholic person．Why? Because melancholic people really listen to others．They are thoughtful，kind and loyal to their friends．

Melancholic people are very clever and sensitive to beauty．But they often doubt themselves and become sad easily．

Phlegmatic

Most people get along well with phlegmatic people because they are relaxed，peaceful and easygoing．They are usually patient，and lead well balanced lives．They rarely get upset，and they can easily calm others down．

Phlegmatic people take life slow and easy．But this can be a weakness as well as a strength, Phlegmatic people can be unmotivated and unsure．

Understanding yourself

Regardless of what kind of people you are，your personality is not set in stone．You can develop strengths that do not conic naturally to you．You can also work on your weaknesses．

1．How did the author construct the passage?

2．Mary is always surrounded by many friends，which she is proud of, but her mouth sometimes brings hatred from others．Mary probably belongs to ___________．

A．Choleric B．Sanguine C．Melancholic D．Phlegmatic

3．We can use the following words to describe choleric persons except _________．

A．adventurous；competitive B．motivated；successful

C．confident；independent D．emotional；patient

4．According to the passage，which type of personality can be popular with everyone?

A．Sanguine B．Melancholic C．Choleric D．none

5．John married Mary who is often trapped in depression．The two have quite different or rather opposite characters，but they live a happy life．That is because John probably belongs to_____．

A．Sanguine B．Choleric C．Melancholic D．Phlegmatic

ABDDD

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Even facts “forgotten” by people during a busy day may be retrieved if this is followed by a good night’s sleep.

Researchers from the University of Chicago asked volunteers to remember simple words．Many found their memories letting them down towards the end of the day, but the following morning, those who had slept well could recall much more.

Researchers, writing in the journal Nature, said the brain could “rescue” lost memories during the night.

When the brain is first asked to remember something that memory is laid down in an “unstable” state, meaning that it is possible that it could be lost．At some point, the brain consolidates those it deems important into a “stable”, more permanent state．However, the Chicago researchers suggested that it was possible for a “stable” memory to be made “unstable” again．This would mean that memories could be modified then filed away again in the face of new experiences.

The 12 volunteers tested in the experiment were played words created through a speech synthesizer which were purposely difficult to understand．Initially, the written version of the word from the audio version only．Tests revealed that the ability to recall the right word tended to tail off as the day ended.

However, when the volunteers were retested after a good night’s sleep, they were able to recall some words that they had “ forgotten” the previous evening.

Dr Daniel, one of the study authors, said: “Sleep consolidates memories, protecting them against subsequent interference or decay．Sleep also appears to “recover” or restore memories.” He said: “If performance is reduced by decay, sleep might actively recover what has been lost.”

Dr Karim Nader, from the Department of Psychology in McGill University in Montreal, said: “Memory research is undergoing a transformation---no longer is memory thought to be a hard-writing of the brain, instead it seems to be a process of storage and restorage.”

Sleep helps some memories “mature” and also prunes out unimportant memories.

What does the first paragraph implies?

A．A busy day makes people forget things easily.

B．People need a good night’s sleep after a busy day.

C．A good night’s sleep helps memories.

D．A good night’s sleep helps people forget a busy day.

The words the 12 volunteers played in the experiment were not ____

A．created through a speech synthesizer

B．hard to understand

C．available at the beginning

D．designed to test people’s ability of understanding

According to the passage, memory_____

A．is a hard-writing of the brain

B．is not a process of storage

C．is not a process of restorage

D．will be mature with the help of sleep

Which of the following is NOT true?

A．When people first remember something, the memory is in an “unstable state”.

B．The brain will change those important unstable memories into stable.

C．Once the memory become stable, it will never become unstable again.

D．Sleep can protect memories from being harmed.

When talking with young Swedish students, Mo Yan showed respect for Chinese authors that he learned writing from, particularly Shen Congwen, who was twice nominated（提名）for the Nobel Prize.

“Lu Xun, Lao She, Mao Dun and Shen Congwen, they are more qualified（有资格的）for the Nobel Prize than me,” he said,. Among the writers he learned from, he said he especially felt close to Shen Congwen, as they have similar life experiences.

Both of them left school early and did not get formal education. Shen quit after high school and Mo only finished the fifth grade. They both joined the army after school. “ We both learned from the book of life,” said Mo.

The themes of their writing are also similar. Both writers have their hometown as the theme and root of their writings. Shen’works are mostly about his hometown, Xiangxi, and most of Mo’s stories are set in his hometown, Gaomi, in Shandong Province.

Mo said he also learned from Shen how to deal with characters in a fiction. Unlike most Chinese writers, Shen has a humanistic（人文主义的） touch towards all of his characters. Said Mo, “In his works, there are no particularly bad person or good person. Even gangsters（匪徒） and thieves have their humane（仁慈的）side,” he said.

“I try to use the same approach in my writing. It shows the ability of a novelist when he treats all the characters as humans,” he said.

Mo said he also learned Lu Xun’s depth and Lao She’s humor. “They are all my teachers, and I am the student,” he said. “I feel ashamed from my heart that teachers did not get the prize, but the student got it.”

1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the similarity between Mo Yan and Shen Congwen?

A．Writing themes B．Sense of humor

C．Life experiences D．Approaches in writing

2.By saying “We both learned from the book of life”, what did Mo Yan mean?

A．They both love reading throughout their life.

B．They both earned their living by writing books.

C．They both got nutrition（营养）from life.

D．They both experienced many difficulties.

3.According to Mo Yan, Shen Congwen was special in the way _________.

A．he described bad persons B．he created characters

C．he made sentences D．he told stories

4.From what Mo Yan said in the last paragraph, we can learn that ________.

A．he is a modest person B．he feels shy

C．Lu Xun’s depth influenced his early life D．he thinks he doesn’t deserve the prize

Douglas Adams was born in Cambridge in March 1952, educated at Brentwood School, Essex and St John's College, Cambridge where, in 1974 he gained a BA (and later an MA) in English literature.

He was the creator of The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy(《银河系漫游指南》), which started life as a BBC Radio 4 series in March 1978. Since then it has been transformed into a series of best-selling novels, a TV series, a record album, a computer game and several stage adaptations.

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy's success sent the book straight to Number One in the UK Bestseller List and in 1984 Douglas Adams became the youngest author to be awarded a Golden Pan. He won a further two (a rare feat), and was nominated—though not selected - for the first Best of Young British Novelists awards.

He followed this success with The Restaurant at the End of the Universe (1980); Life, The Universe and Everything (1982); So Long and Thanks for all the Fish (1984); and Mostly Harmless (1992). The first two books in the Hitchhiker series were adapted into a 6-part television series, which was an immediate success when first showed in 1982. Other publications include Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency (1987) and Long Dark Tea-time of the Soul (1988). In 1984 Douglas teamed up with John Lloyd and wrote The Meaning of Life and their second huge success, The Deeper Meaning of Life followed in 1990. One of Douglas’s personal favorites was written in 1990 when he teamed up with zoologist Mark Carwardine and wrote Last Chance to See an account of a world-wide search for rare and endangered species of animals.

Douglas sold over 15 million books in the UK, the US and Australia. He was also a best seller in German, Swedish and many other languages.

Douglas Adams died on Friday, May 11, 2001, in Santa Barbara, CA. He will be greatly missed by fans worldwide.

1.The main idea of this passage is .

A．Douglas Adams, always loved by fans

B．Douglas Adams and The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy

C．Douglas Adams and his works

D．Douglas Adams’s personal lives

2.The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy was first shown to the public as .

A．a radio series B．a movie C．a TV series D．a computer game

3.Which two books were adapted into a six-part TV series?

A．Life, The Universe and Everything and Mostly Harmless

B．The Restaurant at the End of the Universe and Life, The Universe and Everything

C．The Restaurant at the End of the Universe and So Long and Thanks for all the Fish

D．So Long and Thanks for all the Fish and Mostly Harmless

4. Last Chance to See is a book about .

A．Some stories happening in a Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency

B．the author’s personal favorites

C．a zoologist and his worldwide experiences

D．searching for rare and endangered species of animals

5.Which of the following statement is not true?

A．Douglas Adams died at the age of 49 and he was memorized by his fans.

B．Douglas Adams was the youngest author to be selected as one of the first Best of Young British Novelists.

C．John Lloyd was one of the authors of the two books, The Meaning of Lifeand The Deeper Meaning of Life.

D．Douglas graduated from Essex and St John's College and gained a Master’s Degree.

FRIDAY, Aug. 3 (Health Day News) -- Middle school students who are physically fit are likely to score higher on standardized tests measuring reading and math abilities, a new study has found. And, the average scores went up in connection with levels of fitness, the findings showed.

“The more physically fit kids were, the higher their scores,” said the study’s lead author, Trent Petrie, director of the Center for Sport Psychology at the University of North Texas in Denton. “Parents should encourage their kids to be physically active. There are some real cognitive (认知的) and academic benefits that come from physical fitness”, Petrie said.

Results of the study are scheduled to be presented Friday at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in Orlando, Fla. The study included more than 1,200 middle school students from five schools in a suburban area of Texas, with 561 boys and 650 girls. About 57 percent of the children were white, and nearly one-quarter were Mexican American. Nine percent were black and about 2 percent were of Asian descent.

The school district provided the researchers with information on the children’s race, age, grade level and whether they qualified for the free school lunch program, which was an indicator of the family’s socioeconomic status. The schools also provided scores to the tests, which were given between one and four months after the researchers had assessed the children’s levels of fitness. Fitness tests were administered during physical education classes to determine the youngsters’ heart and lung health (cardiorespiratory fitness), as well as their body mass index (BMI), an indicator of how much body fat a person has. The children also filled out questionnaires that helped the researchers determine factors such as self-esteem and social support.

After accounting for factors such as age, sex, family income and self-esteem, the researchers found that for both boys and girls, higher levels of heart and lung health predicted better scores on both the math and reading tests.

For boys, perceived (感观的) social support also seemed to increase their reading scores, the investigators found. In girls, while being physically fit predicted higher reading scores, so too did a higher BMI-- which indicates more body fat. “We were a little surprised by this finding,” Petrie said.

“It was not as strong an association as the one with physical fitness,” he added. The authors suspect it may have something to do with girls this age entering adolescence, which may be related to a higher BMI and slightly higher brain development. He said he plans to make great effort to look for this relationship again in larger studies to see if it was a chance finding, or if the association holds up.

“While we can’t say 100 percent that physical fitness causes better academic performance, we can say that there is a strong and predictive relationship between physical fitness and academic performance,” Petrie said.

“It’s hard to tease apart (梳理) the exact reason for this association,” said Becky Hashim, an attending clinical psychologist and assistant professor in the departments of psychiatry and pediatrics at the Children’s Hospital of Montefiore, in New York City.

“It may be that the children are getting more oxygen. When the heart and lungs are working at a higher capacity, it may allow the brain to work at peak performance. Children who are less fit may be sleepier during school,” she noted. “I personally feel that there’s probably a strong relationship between the confidence you get from being able to do something physical well and academic performance.”

Whatever the reason behind this association may be, “there’s certainly no harm in pushing physical fitness,” Hashim added. “Physical fitness may make you feel better, give you more confidence and improve your performance across the board,” she said.

Petrie agreed. “Physically fit kids are happier, have higher self-esteem and, tend to have better relationships, and now we’re beginning to see that there also seem to be benefits cognitively and academically. Our study sends a strong warning to policymakers to reconsider the service program of physical education classes for kids,” he said.

1.How did the school district help the researchers carry out the study?

A．By analyzing the data of fitness tests.

B．By giving some basic information.

C．By completing some questionnaires.

D．By offering a certain amount of Money.

2.According to the passage, the result of the study will be published ______.

A．in a book B．in a journal C．at a conference D．on the Internet

3.What’s the suitable title of the passage?

A．Parents should be aware of the benefit of fitness.

B．Fitter kids are likely to make better grades.

C．Fitness affects kids’ social behavior greatly.

D．Teachers should value physical education classes.

4.What’s Becky Hashim’s attitude towards the relationship between physical fitness and academic performance?

A．Supportive B．Indifferent C．Critical D．Doubtful

5.What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph refer to?

A．The BMI. B．The body fat. C．The brain development. D．The test score.

6.From the last paragraph we can infer that physically fit kids ______.

A．deserve to be treated well B．live much longer than others

C．get along well with others D．enjoy a peaceful life

Neatly putting an emphasis on his storytelling skill is how writer Mo Yan began his Nobel Lecture in Literature speech, “Storyteller”, on Friday （Saturday, Beijing time） in Stockholm.

For 40 minutes he talked about his mother’s 36 on him as a person and a writer, his literary inspirations, and how he 37 with the controversy（争论）that followed the announcement of his Nobel victory.

He told his audience that as a boy he told stories to cheer up his mother, and 38 that poverty and loneliness fueled his imagination as a writer after he grew up. 39 , authors such as William Faulkner and Gabriel Garcia Marquez 40 him, he said, especially their bold and unlimited writing style.

“A person should be 41 in daily life, but follow one’s instinct（本能）and take control when it 42 to literary creation.”

He said the soul of 43 all of his works is the boy in Transparent Carrot who has an almost superhuman ability to bear 44 . He added that he also tried to make his hometown of Gaomi in Shandong Province a microcosm（缩影）of China and even the 45 .

His greatest challenge, he said, was writing novels that deal with 46 realities.

“In writing about the dark aspects of society there is a（n） 47 that emotions and anger allow politics to limit literature.”

He said literature must be 48 on real life but go beyond it.

He also mentioned the 49 surrounding his selection as Nobel winner, saying he was showered with many flowers. 50 he was a target for “stone throwers”.

“At first I thought I was the 51 of the controversies, but over time I’ve come to realize that the real target was a person who had 52 to do with me.”

Mo 53 his lecture by saying he was made to feel like an actor in a play with all the attention he was 54 , but he had decided that the best way to communicate his thoughts was to __55 writing.

1. A．affection B．influence C．occasion D．position

2. A．agreed B．fought C．dealt D．did

3. A．added B．warned C．reminded D．imagined

4. A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Besides

5. A．preserved B．inspired C．entertained D．taught

6. A．confident B．certain C．comfortable D．modest

7. A．goes B．comes C．turns D．gets

8. A．nearly B．hardly C．scarcely D．always

9. A．danger B．suffering C．relieving D．happiness

10. A．city B．village C．world D．province

11. A．social B．economical C．agricultural D．cultural

12. A．encouragement B．danger C．advantage D．event

13. A．insisted B．spent C．based D．passed

14. A．contradiction B．contest C．contrary D．controversy

15. A．Meanwhile B．Otherwise C．However D．Instead

16. A．goal B．intention C．target D．purpose

17. A．somebody B．anything C．nothing D．anybody

18. A．adopted B．concluded C．admitted D．concerned

19. A．throwing B．accepting C．offering D．receiving

20. A．carry on B．take on C．bring out D．put out

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