题目内容

When other nine-year-old kids were playing games, she was working at a petrol station. When other teens were studying or going out, she struggled to find a place to sleep on the street. But she overcame these terrible setbacks to win a highly competitive scholarship and gain entry to Harvard University. And her amazing story has inspired a movie, “Homeless to Harvard：The Liz Murray Story” , shown in late April.
Liz Murray , a 22-- year-- old American girl, has been writing a real--life story of willpower and determination. Liz grew up in the shadow of two drug--addicted parents. There was never enough food or warm clothes in the house. Liz was the only member of the family who had a job. Her mother had AIDS and died when Liz was just 15 years old. The effect of that loss became a turning point in her life. Connecting the environment in which she had grown up with how her mother had died, she decided to do something about it.
Liz went back to school. She threw herself into her studies, never telling her teachers that she was homeless. At night, she lived on the streets. “What drove me to live on had something to do with understanding, My understanding was that there was a whole other way of being. I had only experienced a small part of society,” she wrote in her book Breaking Night.
She admitted that she used envy to drive herself on. She used the benefits that come easily to others, such as a safe living environment, to encourage herself that "next to nothing could hold me down". She finished high school in just two years and won a full scholarship to study at Harvard University. But Liz decided to leave her top university a couple of months earlier this year in order to take care of her father, who has also developed AIDS. "I love my parents so much. They are drug addicts. But I never forget that they love me all the time."
　　Liz wants moviegoers to come away with the idea that changing your life is "as simple as making a decision".
【小题1】 The word “setback” in the first paragraph most probably means___________?

A．danger　　B．difficulty　　C．unhappiness　　D．disaster
【小题2】What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Liz’s Harvard DreamB．Bitter Childhood of Liz
C．Liz’s Love for Her ParentsD．Liz’s Struggle for Her Life
【小题3】What actually made Liz throw herself into her studies ?
A．Her parents’ addiction to drugsB．Her mother’ s disease
C．Lack of food and clothes　　D．Her mother’ s death
【小题4】 According to the passage, which is NOT true about Liz?
A．strong-- willedB．enviousC．determinedD．respectful


【小题1】B
【小题1】D
【小题1】D
【小题1】B

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I prefer reading cartoon books,and as usual, parents

 (1)____

are against my favorite things.I have to read these book

 (2)____

at night when other people fall asleep.One night I became

 (3)____

so interested in reading it that I forgot to do my Chinese

 (4)____

homework. On my way school I had a good idea. So when

 (5)____

my Chinese teacher, he is very strict, asked me why I

 (6)____

have not handed in my homework, I stood up and said

 (7)____

softly, “Last night when I was doing my homework, my

 (8)____

little brother played a trick on me and spilled the ink all

 (9)____

over my homework, so ...”On hear this,my teacher asked,

 (10)____

“Aren't you the only son in your family?”

 　

Dogs have an understanding of fair play and become angry if they feel that another dog is getting a better deal, a new study has found.

The study looked at how dogs react when a companion is rewarded for the same trick in an unequal way. Friederike Range, a researcher at the University of Vienna in Austria, and her colleagues did a series of experiments with dogs who knew how to respond to the command “give the paw “. The dogs were normally happy to repeatedly give the paw, whether they got a reward or not. But that changed if they saw that another dog was being rewarded with a piece of food, while they received nothing.

“We found that the dogs hesitated significantly longer when obeying the command to give the paw,” the researchers write. The unrewarded dogs eventually stopped cooperating.

Scientists have long known that humans pay close attention to inequity. But researchers always assumed that animals didn’t share the trait. “The argument was that this is a uniquely human phenomenon,” says Frans de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University in Atlanta.

That changed in 2003 when he and a colleague did a study on monkeys. The monkeys had to hand a small rock to researchers to get a piece of cucumber in return. They were happy to do this. But if they saw that another monkey was getting a more delicious reward, a grape, for doing the same job, they would throw away the food and rock, and at some point just stopped performing.

In that experiment, the monkeys considered the fairness of two different types of payment. But when Range and her colleagues did a similar study with their trained dogs, testing to see if dogs would become upset if they only got dark bread when other dogs received sausage, they found that as long as the dogs got some kind of food payment, even if it wasn’t the most delicious kind, the animals would play along.

How did the dogs in Range’s study react to the order of “giving the paw”?

A. They took the order even without being rewarded.

B. They took the order only when rewarded.

C. They turned a deaf ear to repeated orders.

D. They hesitated longer when given repeated orders.

The research by Frans De Waal in 2003 ___________.

A. originated from Range’s research on dogs.

B. showed that animals do pay attention to inequity.

C. began the argument that only humans are aware of inequity.

D. was conducted to find out how monkeys reacted to humans’ orders.

Some monkeys in the research become angry because they found another monkey _______.

A. was given less work.

B. was given more food.

C. was given the same type of food.

D. was given more delicious food.

Range found that, compared with monkeys, dogs ____________.

A. care more about whether they are rewarded.

B. care less about what they are rewarded with.

C. care more about what they are ordered to do.

D. care less about who gives them orders.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Animals have various ways to show their anger.

B. Dogs are less intelligent than monkeys.

C. Dogs have a sense of fairness.

D. Most animals want to be rewarded equally.

Simona lives in Bucharest, Romania. She is nine years old and HIV positive(阳性). When Simona’s mother found out about her illness five years ago, her first reaction was to tell everyone, looking for support.

“That’s when I found out who really was my friend, and who wasn’t, ”she said. “Quite a few people stopped visiting me and asked their children not to play with Simona any more. Because of this, quarrels began in my family with each trouble brought about by her diagnosis. My husband became more and more unfriendly toward me and toward Simona. He didn’t understand how important it was for Simona to receive regular examinations by a doctor or why she needed proper treatment for her sickness.”

When her mother tried to enroll(登记) Simona in a school, the teacher warned her that when other parents found out about her illness she would be shunned by the other children.

Simona’s mother looked for help and found a social worker from the Community Resource Center. The social worker helped her enroll Simona in another school and provided emotional, financial, and material support for the family. Simona’s parents were able to ease the tension(紧张)in the family. Her mother also now attends parenting classes and support groups at the Center.

The Community Resource Center provides not only many needed resources, but also a place where women can gain skills and self-confidence. It provides children with a place where they are accepted. At the Center parents and children find a place where they can grow and find the support they need to stay together and care for each other.

Many people prevented their children playing with Simona because___________.

A. she had no true friends                               B. she was a naughty girl

C. she suffered from HIV                                  D. she had a strange character

Simona’s father thought that Simona____________.

A .shouldn’t bring so much trouble to them

B. should receive examinations regularly by a doctor

C. shouldn’t see the doctor for her sickness

D .should be treated properly for her sickness

Which of the following is NOT true according to this passage?

A. Simona has been suffering from HIV for five years.

B. Few people visited Simona’s mother because of Simona’s illness.

C. Simona’s mother received help from a social worker.

D. Simona was accepted immediately by the first school.

From the last paragraph we can draw a conclusion（结论） that____________.

A. all the children at the Center are strong and healthy

B. Simona’s mother learned little knowledge at the Center

C. children at the Center are very friendly to each other

D .women at the Center learn to accept each other

When other nine-year–old kids were playing games , she was working at a petrol station．When other teens were studying or going out , she struggled to find a place to sleep on the street．But she overcame these terrible setbacks to win a highly competitive scholar and gain entry to Harvard University．
Her amazing story has inspired a move , “ Homeless to Harvard : The Liz Murray Story ”, shown in late April．
Liz Murray , a year- old American girl , has been writing a real-life story of willpower and determination．
Liz grew up in the shadow of two drug-addicted．There was never enough food or warm clothes in the house．Liz was the only member of the family who had a job．
Her mother had AIDS and died when Liz was just 15 years old．The effect of that loss became a turning point in her life．Connecting the environment in which she had grown up with how her mother had died , she decided to do something about it．
Liz went back to school．She threw herself into her studies , never telling her teachers that she was homeless．At night , she lived on the streets．
“ What drove me to survive had to do with understanding , by understanding that there was a whole other way of being．I had only experienced a small part of the society , ” she wrote in her book “ Breaking Night ”．
She admitted that she used envy to drive herself on．She used the benefits that come easily to others , such as a safe living environment , to encourage herself that “ next to nothing could hold me down ”．
She finished high school in just two years and won a full scholarship to study at Harvard University．But Liz decided to leave her top university for a couple of moths earlier this year in order to take care of her father , who has also developed AIDS．“ I love my parents so much．They are drug addicts．But I never forget that they love me all the time．”
Liz wants moviegoers to come away with the idea that changing your life is “ as simple a making a decision．”
【小题1】In which order did the following thing happen to Liz ?
a．Mum died                            b．Worked at the petrol station
c．Got admitted into Harvard           d．had trouble finding a place to sleep

A．b-a-d-cB．a-b-d-cC．d-b –a –cD．b-d-a –c
【小题2】What decision did Liz make that changed her life ?
A．To go back to schoolB．To go to the best university
C．To surviveD．To live a different life from her parents
【小题3】What actually drove her on towards her goal ?
A．EnvyB．Her love for her parents
C．He Mum’s deathD．Her willpower and determination
【小题4】When she wrote “ I had only experienced a small part of the society ”, she _____
A．wanted to encourage herself
B．suggested something she wanted for her life
C．suggested people often look back
D．meant that she had little experience

Dogs have an understanding of fair play and become angry if they feel that another dog is getting a better deal, a new study has found.

The study looked at how dogs react when a companion is rewarded for the same trick in an unequal way. Friederike Range, a famous researcher, and her colleagues did a series of experiments with dogs who knew how to respond to the command “give the paw”. The dogs were normally happy to repeatedly give the paw, whether they got a reward or not.

But that changed if they saw that another dog was being rewarded with a piece of food, while they received nothing. The dogs hesitated significantly longer when obeying the command to give the paw. Eventually, the unrewarded dogs stopped cooperating.

Researchers always assumed that only humans pay close attention to unfairness. That changed in 2003 when Frans De Waal, a professor of psychology, and a colleague named Sarah Brosnan did a survey on monkeys. Monkeys had to hand a small rock to researchers to get a piece of cucumber(黄瓜) in return. However, the monkeys would suddenly become angry when receiving the piece of cucumber if they saw another monkey receive a more delicious reward, such as a grape, for doing the same job. The monkey that got the cucumber would eventually throw away the food and the rock, and would later just stop performing.

In that experiment, the monkeys considered the fairness of two different types of payment, but when Range and her colleagues did a similar study with their trained dogs, testing to see if dogs would become upset if they only got bread when other dogs received sausage, they found that dogs did not make that kind of subtle (细微的) distinction. As long as the dogs got some kind of food payment, even if it wasn’t the most delicious kind, they would play along.

1. The dogs refused to give their paws when they _____________________.

A．were given too much reward

B．realized they received less food

C．found another dog was given nothing

D．felt they were being treated unequally

2.The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “__________________”.

A．the dogs obeyed the command happily

B．the dogs waited for a reward

C．the dogs hesitated to give the paw

D．the dogs stopped cooperating

3.The monkeys would become angry if they found _____________________.

A．they were being given the same type of food

B．another monkey did much less work

C．another monkey was offered tastier food

D．other monkeys threw food and rocks

4. Range finds that, compared with monkeys, dogs __________________.

A．enjoy playing interesting games with humans

B．prefer to do the same jobs as humans

C．pay little attention to the type of reward received

D．aren’t sensitive to the stimulation (刺激) of food

 

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