题目内容

【题目】How long can a person live?How tall can a human being grow?The Guinness(吉尼斯)World Records book lists many of the greatest records1the greatest potentials(潜能).But it's a fossil record.It speaks only to what has been done,not how much can2(do),which is why it has to be constantly updated(更新).

Take the3(surprise )case of the British middle-distance runner Roger Bannister for example.In the 1950s, experts said4the human body could not run a mile in less than four minutes.Then Bannister came along in 1954 and proved it could5act be run in 3:59.4.Once Bannister broke the imaginary barrier,6(sudden )the floodgates opened;scores of runners started besting(击败)the four-minute mark every year,each one7(fast) than the last. How fast does a human have the ability8(run)the mile today?We honestly don't know.That is why we hold our 9(breathe )during every Olympics.

All we know10(be)that this kind of change is possible.Keep this in mind the next time you feel stuck or challenged.Just because it hasn't been done before doesn't mean it's impossible.

【答案】

1and

2be done

3surprising

4that

5in

6suddenly

7faster

8to run

9breath

10is

【解析】本文讲述了吉尼斯纪录是如何被打破的,讲述了运动员Bannister打破专家结论的过程,说明记录会被不断的打破,才会有创新的过程。

1此句意为吉尼斯世界记录的书中列出的许多最伟大的记录和最大伟大的潜能。此处前后为并列的两个最高级词汇,所以之间用and连接,故填and。

2此句意为它只说做了什么,没有多少可以被做。此处为被动语态,故填be done。

3此句意为以令人惊喜的英国中长跑运动员Roger Bannister为例。此处令人惊喜的意为surprising,用于形容事物,故填surprising。

4此句意为在上世纪50年代,专家称4分钟内人体不能跑一英里。此句为宾语从句,从句部分不缺任何成分,所以引导词要用that,故填that。

5此句意为然后,Bannister1954年出现了,并证明了它可以在3:59.4中运行。此处考查固定搭配,in act 意为完成,进行。故填in 。

6此句意为一旦Bannister打破了想象的障碍,突然打开了闸门;此处的突然修饰整个句子,所以要用副词形式,故填suddenly。

7此句意为运动员们每年都有人打破四分钟 ,而且每一个都比之前的快。此句中有than所以要用比较级,故填faster。

8此句意为一个有能力的人跑一英里的速度有多快?此处是动词不等式表示目的,故填to run。

9此句意为这就是为什么我们在每届奥运会期间都保持呼吸的原因。保持呼吸意为keep breath ,故填breath。

10此句意为众所周知这种改变是可能的,考查固定搭配,all we know is ....意为众所周知,故填is。

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【题目】Over millions of years, penguins(企鹅)have developed a keen sense of where to find food. Once they’re old enough, they set off from the shores on which they were hatched for the first time and swim long distances in search of tasty fish like anchovies and sardines. But they don’t search directly for the fish themselves.

For example, when young African penguins head out to sea, they look for areas with low surface temperatures and high chlorophyll(叶绿素) because those conditions signal the presence of phytoplankton(浮游植物). And lots of phytoplankton means lots of plankton(浮游动物), which in turn means lots of their favorite fish. Well, that’s what it used to mean.

Climate change plus overfishing have made the penguin feeding grounds a mirage(海市蜃楼). The habitat is indeed plankton-rich—but now it’s fish-poor. Researchers call this an “ecological trap.”

“It’s a situation where you have a signal that previously pointed an animal towards good quality habitat. That habitat’s been changed, usually by human pressures. The signal stays, but the quality in the environment deteriorates.”

Richard Sherley, a zoologist at the University of Exeter and his team used satellite imaging to track the African penguins from eight sites along southern Africa. Historically, the birds benefited from tons of fish off the coasts of Angola, Namibia and western South Africa, but now they’re going hungry.

“I was really hoping we’d see them going east, and finding areas where the fish had moved to but it ends up being quite a sad story for the penguins.” said Richard.

The researchers calculate that by falling into this ecological trap, African penguin populations on South Africa's Western Cape have declined by around 80 percent.

Some research groups are exploring the idea of moving chicks to a place where they can’t get trapped, like the Eastern Cape. But Sherley thinks that a longer-term solution means making and carrying out rules to create more sustainable(可持续的) fishing industry, something that he says needs public support.

1How do penguins find their food?

A. They discover fish with their keen sense.

B. They swim long distances directly for fish.

C. They make signals to each other when finding fish.

D. They look for warmer and greener areas.

2What is an ecological trap for the African penguins?

A. A trap set to catch penguins.

B. A good fish habitat with few fish.

C. A habitat unsuitable for fish.

D. A mirage on the sea.

3What does the underlined word “deteriorates” in the fourth paragraph mean?

A. Get worse. B. Get better.

C. Stay the same. D. Become suitable.

4What can be done to help the penguins in the long run?

A. Move the penguins to other places.

B. Create nature reserves for penguins.

C. Keep a balanced fishing industry.

D. Increase the population of penguins.

【题目】Deborah Cohen is a senior natural scientist at the Rand Corp and the author of the book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind the Obesity Epidemic and How We Can End It. According to the book, there are lots of misunderstandings of obesity.

1.If you’re obese, blame your genes.

Obesity rates have increased. Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled—too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.

At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.

2.If you’re obese, you lack self-control.

Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor dietary choices. Our world has become so rich in temptation that we can be led to consume too much in ways we can’t understand. Even the most vigilant (警觉的) people may not be up to the task of controlling themselves.

3.Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is responsible for obesity.

Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the “food deserts”, about 65 percent of the nation’s population is overweight or obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets.

4.The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don’t exercise.

Michelle Obama’s “Let’s Move” campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease. But there was no significant decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and 1990s. In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may account for up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased. The problem is that we eat too much.

【1】The author mentioned Deborah Cohen’s book in Paragraph 1 to _______.

A. introduce the topic

B. advise readers to buy books

C. introduce the author of the book

D. advertise the book

【2】What is the relationship between obesity and the place where you eat?

A. The less you eat out, the higher rates of obesity you have.

B. The less you eat at home, the lower rates of obesity you have.

C. The more you eat out, the higher rates of obesity you have.

D. The more you eat at home, the higher rates of obesity you have.

【3】What’s the best title of this passage?

A. Four misunderstandings of obesity

B. Four rules to help you avoid obesity

C. Obesity leads to a big fat crisis

D. Lacking self-control leads to obesity

【题目】It’s cold and dark outside, and your bed is so warm and comfortable. Going for a run seems like such a bad idea. But before you hide your running shoes, it might be worth giving that crazy idea a go.

According to The Huffington Post, an outdoor run in winter, as opposed to one on a treadmill(跑步机), burns more calories because the body is working hard to adjust its core temperature. Furthermore, research shows that race times are faster in cold weather than in warmer temperatures and quicker runs burn more calories. Similarly, cold weather also makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body, making that vital muscle even stronger.

Outdoor exercise also turns up your energy and rids you of the stress and depression that build up every day. The heat and humidity in the summer can drag you down and tire you faster, but cold weather is refreshing. It adjusts you to your surroundings, making you feel alive.

Of course, the threat of smog in some built-up areas is a further hurdle to winter exercise. Heart attacks, stroke, lung cancer and asthma are all dangers of running in smog. The combination of air pollution and exercise increases the potential problems. If you do choose to run outside on smoggy days, take a path in a park or residential area to avoid car exhaust(尾气), and go early in the morning before rush hour. But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.

1How does cold weather benefit runners, compared with warm weather?

A. They can run more slowly.

B. They can take in more calories.

C. Their hearts can function harder.

D. Their body temperature can get lower.

2How does summer affect runners?

A. It builds up their energy quickly.

B. It makes runners tired easily.

C. It lessens runners’ stress.

D. It causes heart attack.

3What are the runners supposed to do on smoggy days?

A. Stop driving cars.

B. Do more exercise.

C. Avoid outdoor exercise.

D. Run late in the morning.

【题目】Mary had a dog, Lucky. Whenever her friends visit, she will warn them not to leave their luggage open because Lucky would help himself to whatever struck his fancy. Lucky always hides his findings in his toy box in the basement (地下室), where his treasures would be placed.

It happened that Mary found out she had breast cancer. Someone told her she was going to die of it. The night before she was to go. to the hospital she was with Lucky. A thought struck her - what would happen to Lucky? Although the three - year - old dog liked her husband, Jim, he was Mary’s dog . If I die, Lucky will be abandoned. He won’t understand I don’t want to leave him. The thought made her sadder than thinking of her own death.

Mary was in hospital for over two weeks. Jim took Lucky for his evening walk faithfully, but the dog looked just miserable. But finally the day came for Mary to leave the hospital. When she arrived home, Mary was so tired that she couldn’t even make it to her bedroom. Jim made her comfortable on the sofa and left her alone.

Lucky stood watching Mary. Sleep soon overcame her. When Mary woke up, she couldn’t understand what was wrong. Feeling heavy and hot, she couldn’t move her head. Panic soon gave way to laughter when Mary realized she was covered in every treasure Lucky owned! While she had slept, the sad dog had made trip after trip to the basement and back bringing his favorites. He had covered her with his love. Mary forgot about her illness. Instead she and Lucky began to walk further and further together every night.

It has been 12 years now and Mary is still cancer - free. Lucky? He still steals treasures and stashes (隐藏) them in his toy box, but Mary remains his greatest treasure.

1What had Mary been most worried?

A. Lucky was always stealing.

B. Her visitors usually left their luggage open.

C. Lucky hid his findings in the basement.

D. Her husband would have the dog deserted.

2Why did Mary sleep on the sofa?

A. She was completely worn out.

B. She couldn’t find her bedroom.

C. Her husband asked her to sleep on it.

D. She was left alone at home.

3What does the underlined part “Panic soon gave way to laughter” suggest?

A. Mary had been confused at the dog’s behavior.

B. Mary was still puzzled at the dog’s behavior.

C. Mary’s husband should have stayed at home.

D. The dog, Lucky, failed to murder Mary.

4What happened when Mary was asleep?

A. Lucky stayed in the basement.

B. Lucky went out to look for Jim.

C. Lucky covered her with his treasures.

D. Lucky panicked her to wake up.

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