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________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.

A. Made B. Make

C. Making D. To make

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What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live among competing interests. Your roommate’s need to study for an exam may take priority(优先)over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the object of your romantic interest may have other choices.

In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our point of view. When we persuade, we want to influence how others believe and behave. We may not always prevail — other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merits of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves.

Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome interruption into their lives. Just the opposite, we believe that persuasion is unavoidable — to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical(合乎道义的) or unethical, selfless or selfish, inspiring or degrading. Persuaders may enlighten our minds or catch our vulnerability(弱点). Ethical persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, the most basic part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other.

Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is necessary to society. The right to persuade and be persuaded is the bedrock of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution(美国宪法).

1.According to the passage, persuasion means ________.

A. changing others’ point of view

B. exercising power over other people

C. getting other people to consider your point of view

D. getting people to agree with you and do what you want

2.The underlined word in the second paragraph “prevail” means“________”.

A. win B. fail C. speak D. listen

3.The passage states that some people object to persuasion because they think it is ________.

A. a danger to society B. difficult to do well

C. unwelcome behavior D. never successful

4.The passage mainly discusses ________.

A. people’s different opinions towards persuasion

B. the reasons why people persuade

C. that persuasion is both good and bad

D. that persuasion is important and it is all around us

This is an interview between the reporter and Sarah, a girl who created a website(网站) for her school.

Reporter: Why did you start this new website for Alcott Middle School?

Sarah: Three months ago, my mom was complaining about how she never hears about the days our school ends early until after the fact. She works late and sometimes she has to ask our neighbor at the last minute to pick me up after school. It happened several times, and she was frustrated that there wasn’t better notification (通知) from the school.

Reporter: Didn’t your school already have a website with that information?

Sarah: We had a website. But there wasn’t much information on it, and nobody was responsible for keeping it up-to-date (包含最新信息的). I asked my teacher if our class could update the school calendar. That seemed pretty easy.

Reporter: Was it?

Sarah: Yeah, and it was kind of fun. So then we asked the principal (校长) if we could redo the whole site. He said okay, so we went to work. We discovered websites that taught us how to make our site look better and added more hot links that people could click to get more information about a subject. We posted photos from basketball games. Our class even started a blog about what’s going on at school. Then we persuaded the teachers to create their own pages.

Reporter: So what’s next?

Sarah: A few friends and I started a small Web design business. We’re asking other schools if they’ll employ us to set up a site like the one we created.

Reporter: Wow! That’s pretty enterprising (有事业心的) for a 13-year-old.

Sarah: I guess so. But it doesn’t seem like work when you’re doing something you enjoy.

1.How did Sarah’s mom feel about her school three months ago?

A. Hopeful. B. Thankful.

C. Dissatisfied. D. Uninterested.

2.The underlined part “responsible for” is closest in meaning to _____.

A. in memory of B. in search of

C. in need of D. in charge of

3.Sarah set up the new school website _____.

A. with the help of her teachers

B. by researching on other websites

C. in order to please her principal

D. to make her school more famous

4.What can we learn about Sarah?

A. She doesn’t like working at all.

B. She dreams of being a boss.

C. She enjoys what she does now.

D. She wants to make lots of money.

Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)

Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.

On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.

When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.

In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.

“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”

Natalie’s choice was to help.

She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.

In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.

Today, the scars(创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”

1. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found _________.

A. some friends had lost their lives

B. her neighborhood was destroyed

C. her school had moved to Brooklyn

D. the elderly were free from suffering

2. According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?

A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild.

B. The people trapped in high-rise buildings.

C. The volunteers donating money to survivors.

D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.

3.How did Natalie help the survivors?

A. She gave her toys to other kids.

B. She took care of younger children.

C. She called on the White House to help.

D. She built an information sharing platform.

4. What does the story intend to tell us?

A. Little people can make a big difference.

B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

C. East or west, home is best.

D. Technology is power.

I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.

A. needn’t B. mustn’t

C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t

Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.

A. works B. has worked

C. was working D. would work

If you are a fruit grower — or would like to become one — take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.

Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.

There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.

At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.

Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.

1.What can people do at the apple events?

A. Attend experts’ lectures．

B. Visit fruit-loving families．

C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard．

D. Taste many kinds of apples．

2.What can we learn about Decio?

A. It is a new variety．

B. It has a strange look．

C. It is rarely seen now．

D. It has a special taste．

3.What does the underlined phrase ＂a pipe dream＂ in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. A practical idea．

B. A vain hope．

C. A brilliant plan．

D. A selfish desire．

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A. To show how to grow apples．

B. To introduce an apple festival．

C. To help people select apples．

D. To promote apple research．

The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and

suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic udner discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?

A. It implies anger.

B. It promotes friendship.

C. It is culture-specific.

D. It is content-based.

2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?

A. The Chinese.

B. The French.

C. The Mexicans.

D. The Russians.

3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?

A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.

B. Break it while treating patients.

C. Evaluate its harm to patients.

D. Make use of its healing effects.

4.What may be the best title for the text?

A. Sound and Silence

B.What It Means to Be Silent

C.Silence to Native Americans

D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold

When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt _________from the world.

A. carried away B. broken down

C. cut off D. brought up

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