题目内容
12．To most of us，school means classes，teachers，schedules，grades，and tests．But for the children at Sudbury Valley School in Massachusetts，school is very different．Firstly，there are no lessons．All the children，aged between 4and 19，do whatever they want．There are no teachers-only"staff members"．The idea behind this is that you do not need to make children learn，because children want to learn anyway．"You do not need to say to a threeyearold，‘Go to explore your environment．'You can't stop them！"says Daniel Greenberg，a founder of the school．"But if you make children do what you want all day，they will lose all taste（兴趣） for learning．"
At Sudbury Valley School，you will permit children to talk，read，paint，cook，work on computers，study French，play the piano，climb trees，or just run around．Two boys spent three years just fishing!
The other way that Sudbury Valley School is different is that the children can decide the rules．Every week，there is a school meeting where both children and staff have one vote each-even the fouryearolds．They decide the school rules，how to spend the school budget（预算），and even which staff they want and do not want anymore．
When the school first opened in 1968，people said it would never work．But today，the school has 200students，and 80% of its students go on to college．Even the two boys who went fishing all the time have successful careers today．One of them is a musician and the other is a computer scientist．
28．What is the main topic of the article？A
A．An unusual school
B．Children's hobbies
C．A school without rules
D．Education in the US
29．What does the school believe？B
A．Teachers cannot teach children well．
B．Children learn best when they do what they want to do．
C．Learning is for adults-children should only play．
D．Children should only learn about one thing at a time．
30．What does Daniel Greenberg say about threeyearolds？A
A．They love learning
B．They are very naughty．
C．They want to be outside all the time．
D．They are too young to learn anything．
31．What happens to the children after they leave this school？C
A．They do all things in different ways．
B．They have problems getting into college or getting a job．
C．Most of them have a promising（光明的，有前途的） future．
D．They are not successful．
分析 本文主要讲述了美国第一家提倡"自主学习"的学校，此类型学校基本理念为民主式管理和自由式教育，教学特点为弱化班级概念，混合年龄，以及学生、教员完全平等的民主式管理．学校认为学生学习无需定式，学习完全可以在任何的日常活动中进行，学生应自主决定学习方式和人生方向．
解答 28．答案：A．主旨大意题．根据全文内容，尤其是"But for the children at Sudbury Valley School in Massachusetts，school is very different．"可知，本文主要讲述了美国一家特殊的学校．故选A．
29．答案：B．推理判断题．根据"The idea behind this is that you do not need to make children learn，because children want to learn anyway．"以及"But if you make children do what you want all day，they will lose all taste（兴趣） for learning．"可推断出，这个学校相信如果学生有兴趣，就能学好．故选B．
30．答案：A．细节理解题．根据文章第二段内容，尤其是"Go to explore your environment．'You can't stop them！"可知，Daniel Greenberg 认为三岁的孩子是喜欢探索，喜欢学习的．故选A．
31．答案：C．细节理解题．根据"When the school first opened in 1968，people said it would never work．But today，the school has 200students，and 80% of its students go on to college．Even the two boys who went fishing all the time have successful careers today．One of them is a musician and the other is a computer scientist．"可知，大部分学生都有着光明的前途．故选C．
点评 本文是一篇社会文化类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，推理判断题，主旨大意题．做题时学生应仔细阅读原文，把握文章主要内容，联系文章上下文内容并结合所给选项含义，从中选出正确答案，一定要做到有理有据，切忌胡乱猜测．
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2．At expert in time management was speaking to a group of students and，to drive home a point，used an illustration（演示）those students will never（36）A．
Standing in front of the group，he（37）A a wide-mouth jar and about a dozen fist-sized rocks and carefully placed them，one（38）C，into the jar．When the jar was filled to the（39）Band no more rocks would fit inside，he asked，"Is this jar（40）C？"Everyone in the class yelled，"Yes"The expert replied，"Really？"He took out a bucket of gravel（沙砾），dumped some gravel in and（41）D the jar，（42）C pieces of gravel to work themselves down into the（43）B between the big rocks．He then asked the group once more，"Is this jar full？"（44）C this time the class understood him．"Probably not．"one of them answered．"Good．"He replied．He brought out a bucket of（45）A，dumping it in the jar and it went into all of the spaces（46）D between the rocks and the gravel．Once again he asked the question，"Is this jar full？""（47）B"the class shouted．Once again he said"Good．"Then he began to（48）A a pitcher of water in until the jar was filled to the brim．Then he looked at the class and asked，"What is the（49）B of this illustration？"One （50）C student raised his hand and said，"The point is，No matter how full your（51）D is，if you try really hard you can always fit some more things in it!"
"No，"the speaker（52）A，"The truth this illustration （53）C us if you don't put the big rocks in first，you'll never get them in at all．What are the"big rocks"in your life？Time with your loved ones，your education，your dreams，a（54）D cause or teaching others？Remember to put these（55）A in first or you'll never get them in at all．"
Standing in front of the group，he（37）A a wide-mouth jar and about a dozen fist-sized rocks and carefully placed them，one（38）C，into the jar．When the jar was filled to the（39）Band no more rocks would fit inside，he asked，"Is this jar（40）C？"Everyone in the class yelled，"Yes"The expert replied，"Really？"He took out a bucket of gravel（沙砾），dumped some gravel in and（41）D the jar，（42）C pieces of gravel to work themselves down into the（43）B between the big rocks．He then asked the group once more，"Is this jar full？"（44）C this time the class understood him．"Probably not．"one of them answered．"Good．"He replied．He brought out a bucket of（45）A，dumping it in the jar and it went into all of the spaces（46）D between the rocks and the gravel．Once again he asked the question，"Is this jar full？""（47）B"the class shouted．Once again he said"Good．"Then he began to（48）A a pitcher of water in until the jar was filled to the brim．Then he looked at the class and asked，"What is the（49）B of this illustration？"One （50）C student raised his hand and said，"The point is，No matter how full your（51）D is，if you try really hard you can always fit some more things in it!"
"No，"the speaker（52）A，"The truth this illustration （53）C us if you don't put the big rocks in first，you'll never get them in at all．What are the"big rocks"in your life？Time with your loved ones，your education，your dreams，a（54）D cause or teaching others？Remember to put these（55）A in first or you'll never get them in at all．"
| 36．A．forget | B．remember | C．regret | D．make |
| 37．A．took out | B．made out | C．put out | D．gave out |
| 38．A．at the time | B．by the time | C．at a time | D．in no time |
| 39．A．bottom | B．top | C．surface | D．middle |
| 40．A．empty | B．small | C．full | D．big |
| 41．A．filled | B．washed | C．blew | D．shook |
| 42．A．ordering | B．making | C．causing | D．realizing |
| 43．A．distance | B．spaces | C．shapes | D．entrance |
| 44．A．In | B．At | C．By | D．On |
| 45．A．sand | B．water | C．earth | D．stone |
| 46．A．remained | B．created | C．saved | D．left |
| 47．A．Yes | B．No | C．Not a little | D．No problem |
| 48．A．pour | B．throw | C．store | D．spread |
| 49．A．possibility | B．point | C．use | D．definition |
| 50．A．worried | B．clever | C．eager | D．anxious |
| 51．A．work | B．jar | C．class | D．schedule |
| 52．A．replied | B．requested | C．reminded | D．required |
| 53．A．orders | B．demands | C．teaches | D．suggests |
| 54．A．common | B．reasonable | C．deeper | D．worthy |
| 55．A．bit rocks | B．gravel | C．water | D．hope |
4．Commercial advertisement was once thought of as a technique of the marketers to inform the potential buyers about the availability of certain products．It was seen more as a medium to inform the buyers rather than persuade them to buy．The present day marketers see advertisement as a medium to damage the image of their competitors and their products．This indeed，is an undesirable and an immoral practice．Instead of speaking about their own products，these marketers speak about the drawbacks （often without any basics） of the competing products．
People watching TV advertisements would notice that there has always been an advertisement war between the marketers of different consumer goods．A few such cases are given below．
1．Parachute Coconut Oil vs．V．V．D．Gold
Some time back，the producer of V．V．D Gold Coconut Oil claimed in their TV advertisement that only their products was superior and the one sold in blue colour bottles （the reference was to Parachute coconut oil） was suitable only for un-natural hair．
2．Tata Salt vs．Captain Cook
Tata salt was first iodised （碘处理） salt marketed by an Indian Company．It has been enjoying a good and steady market．Captain Cook，another producer of iodised salt，who entered the market later，had to adopt some strategy to get control of the market．The TV advertisement of Captain Cook stressed on‘Free flow'of their salt when transferred to a container．The producer of Tata Salt retaliated （报复） by saying that the claim of Captain Cook was a trick and those who were quality conscious should deal with it with caution．
3．Pepsi vs．Coco Cola
Coca Cola was selected as the official soft drink for the Wills World Cricket 1996．When the cricket series was on，the marketers of Pepsi constantly advertised on TV．Their advertisement gave the idea that the cricketers preferred only Pepsi and as a matter of fact there was nothing official about it．
4．Horlicks vs．Complan
Sometime back，the TV advertisement of Complan，a health drink directly attacked Horlicks，which has been in the market for several decades．The claim of Complan was that their brand （which according to them was Brand C） has a higher percentage of ingredients （材料） compared to Brand H （reference was nothing but to Horlicks）．
The above examples clearly show how the technique of advertisement is misused by some marketers to ruin the image of their competitors．This，certainly，is not a healthy trend．
Any marketer should only speak about his products and not about his competitors'products．The awareness of consumers has certainly increased over the years and they are no longer easily taken in．There are many consumer products like salt，oil shaving blades etc．But one thing for sure is that offering the same product in a different container will not make the product different．
Mass media like Radio，Television and newspaper should not allow advertisements that tell lies．Legal regulations，in this regard，should also be made stricter．
People watching TV advertisements would notice that there has always been an advertisement war between the marketers of different consumer goods．A few such cases are given below．
1．Parachute Coconut Oil vs．V．V．D．Gold
Some time back，the producer of V．V．D Gold Coconut Oil claimed in their TV advertisement that only their products was superior and the one sold in blue colour bottles （the reference was to Parachute coconut oil） was suitable only for un-natural hair．
2．Tata Salt vs．Captain Cook
Tata salt was first iodised （碘处理） salt marketed by an Indian Company．It has been enjoying a good and steady market．Captain Cook，another producer of iodised salt，who entered the market later，had to adopt some strategy to get control of the market．The TV advertisement of Captain Cook stressed on‘Free flow'of their salt when transferred to a container．The producer of Tata Salt retaliated （报复） by saying that the claim of Captain Cook was a trick and those who were quality conscious should deal with it with caution．
3．Pepsi vs．Coco Cola
Coca Cola was selected as the official soft drink for the Wills World Cricket 1996．When the cricket series was on，the marketers of Pepsi constantly advertised on TV．Their advertisement gave the idea that the cricketers preferred only Pepsi and as a matter of fact there was nothing official about it．
4．Horlicks vs．Complan
Sometime back，the TV advertisement of Complan，a health drink directly attacked Horlicks，which has been in the market for several decades．The claim of Complan was that their brand （which according to them was Brand C） has a higher percentage of ingredients （材料） compared to Brand H （reference was nothing but to Horlicks）．
The above examples clearly show how the technique of advertisement is misused by some marketers to ruin the image of their competitors．This，certainly，is not a healthy trend．
Any marketer should only speak about his products and not about his competitors'products．The awareness of consumers has certainly increased over the years and they are no longer easily taken in．There are many consumer products like salt，oil shaving blades etc．But one thing for sure is that offering the same product in a different container will not make the product different．
Mass media like Radio，Television and newspaper should not allow advertisements that tell lies．Legal regulations，in this regard，should also be made stricter．
| Comparison of the past and the present of advertisements | ||
| In the past | At present | |
| A technique mainly used for offering （71）information | A trick used as a means of unfair （72）competition | |
| The （73）misuseof advertisement | ||
| （74）Examples/Cases | Products | Wrong practices |
| V．V．D．Gold | l When V．V．D Gold attacked the one sold in blue bottles，it （75）referredto Parachute Coconut oil． | |
| Captain Cook | l Captain Cook stressed on their"free flow"when their product was （76）transferredto a container． | |
| Tata Salt | l Tata salt retaliated by warning consumers to be （77）cautious/carefulabout the quality． | |
| Pepsi | l Too much advertisement on TV seemed to say that the cricketers had a （78）preferencefor Pepsi． | |
| Complan | l Brand C claimed that their product was much richer in ingredients in （79）comparisonwith Brand H． | |
| Solutions | （80）Competitors'products．are not allowed to be mentioned in the advertisement． Stricter laws should be made to protect every producers'and consumers'benefits． | |
2．One young person，who was well educated，went to apply for a manager in a big company．The director did the final（41）C．
He discovered the youth was （42）B and felt satisfied．Then the director asked who paid for his school fees．The youth answered，"My mother did it．She worked as clothes （43）B．"
The director requested the youth to （44）C his hands．So the youth did．They were smooth．The director asked，"Have you ever （45）C your mother wash the clothes before？"The youth answered，"Never，my mother always wanted me to （46）A．
"Go and clean your mother's （47）B when you go back today，and then （48）Ame tomorrow morning．"The director said （49）D．
The youth felt that his chance of landing the job was high．When he went back，he （50）C requested his mother to let him clean her hands．However，his tears fell（51）D he cleaned his mother's hands．It was the first time he had （52）C that his mother's hands were so wrinkled（布满皱纹的）．After that，the youth didn't say a word and washed all the remaining clothes for his mother（53）A．That night，Mother and Son（54）D for a very long time，longer than any talk before．
The next （55）A，the youth went to the director's office．The director noticed the tears in the youth's eyes，asked："Please tell me how you（56）B about helping your mother．"The youth said，"Number One，I know now what （57）B is．Without my mother，I wouldn't be successful today．Number Two，by helping my mother，I now realize how （58）Bit is to get something done．Number Three，I've come to realize the （59）A of family relationship．
The director said，"You are （60） D．This is what I'm looking for to be my manager．"
He discovered the youth was （42）B and felt satisfied．Then the director asked who paid for his school fees．The youth answered，"My mother did it．She worked as clothes （43）B．"
The director requested the youth to （44）C his hands．So the youth did．They were smooth．The director asked，"Have you ever （45）C your mother wash the clothes before？"The youth answered，"Never，my mother always wanted me to （46）A．
"Go and clean your mother's （47）B when you go back today，and then （48）Ame tomorrow morning．"The director said （49）D．
The youth felt that his chance of landing the job was high．When he went back，he （50）C requested his mother to let him clean her hands．However，his tears fell（51）D he cleaned his mother's hands．It was the first time he had （52）C that his mother's hands were so wrinkled（布满皱纹的）．After that，the youth didn't say a word and washed all the remaining clothes for his mother（53）A．That night，Mother and Son（54）D for a very long time，longer than any talk before．
The next （55）A，the youth went to the director's office．The director noticed the tears in the youth's eyes，asked："Please tell me how you（56）B about helping your mother．"The youth said，"Number One，I know now what （57）B is．Without my mother，I wouldn't be successful today．Number Two，by helping my mother，I now realize how （58）Bit is to get something done．Number Three，I've come to realize the （59）A of family relationship．
The director said，"You are （60） D．This is what I'm looking for to be my manager．"
| 41．A．election | B．test | C．interview | D．competition |
| 42．A．strong | B．excellent | C．humorous | D．cute |
| 43．A．maker | B．cleaner | C．mender | D．seller |
| 44．A．wash | B．hide | C．show | D．dry |
| 45．A．found | B．let | C．helped | D．watched |
| 46．A．study | B．ignore | C．work | D．rest |
| 47．A．clothes | B．hands | C．feet | D．shoes |
| 48．A．see | B．move | C．recognize | D．answer |
| 49．A．on purpose | B．in patience | C．by chance | D．at last |
| 50．A．carefully | B．nervously | C．happily | D．shyly |
| 51．A．after | B．until | C．because | D．as |
| 52．A．believed | B．sensed | C．noticed | D．expected |
| 53．A．quietly | B．sadly | C．excitedly | D．angrily |
| 54．A．thought | B．slept | C．sat | D．talked |
| 55．A．morning | B．noon | C．afternoon | D．evening |
| 56．A．worried | B．felt | C．brought | D．spoke |
| 57．A．courage | B．appreciation | C．success | D．family |
| 58．A．important | B．difficult | C．different | D．impossible |
| 59．A．value | B．secret | C．type | D．change |
| 60．A．educated | B．respected | C．trusted | D．hired． |