It is common to consider learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.

Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with the many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.

Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors. Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to affect the behavior of workers, voters, and consumers.

Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain. Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later outputs knowledge when we need it. In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences.

The author thinks “Learning”in the passage most refers to_________.

   A. life-long learning          B. family learning  

C. learning after graduation    D. behavior learning

The underlined siblings in the second paragraph probably means______.

   A. teachers    B. classmates   C. doctors      D. brothers or sisters

Which period of children’ life does they begin to how to behave well according to the passage?

   A.After they go int society

   B.Before they enter school

   C.When they are at school

   D.Before they are born

Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?

A. As a matter of fact, learning begins with formal school education

   B. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students.

   C. People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors.

   D. Employers should study the principles of learning to manage their workers well.

The author tries to tell us ______in the last paragraph

   A. learning is closely related to memory and experience

   B. psychologists are interested in the wat the brain stores knowledge

   C. psychologists are more interested in a person’s behavior

   D. the relationship between learning, brain and behavior

For travellers who want to experience some of the history and mystery of the ancient world, here is a list of cool destinations for your next holiday.
Angkor Wat, Cambodia
Built in the 12th century, Angkor Wat (meaning “capital monastery”) was a temple in the ancient Khmer capital city of Angkor. It is Cambodia’s best-known tourist attraction and is famed for its beautiful architecture and reliefs. You’ll need at least three days to fully discover the delights of this magnificent site.
Machu Picchu, Peru
Machu Picchu was built high in the Andes Mountains of South America by the Inca in the 15th century. Although well preserved its exact purpose is unknown. It is famous throughout the world not only for its incredible design but also for the natural beauty that surrounds it. Give yourself a week to explore this magnificent site.
Stonehenge, England
The entire Stonehenge site was constructed over thousands of years. But why and how it was built remains a mystery. As the weather can be pretty bleak in winter and the crowds huge in summer, we suggest autumn should be the best time to visit these monster rocks.
Pompeii, Italy
When Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 A.D., Pompeii was buried under many layers of ash, preserving the city exactly as it was when the volcano erupted. Because so many objects were preserved, scientists and visitors are able to better understand daily life in the ancient Roman Empire.
【小题1】Why may people want to visit Machu Picchu?

A.To climb the Andes Mountains.B.To discover how it was built.
C.To explore both history and nature.D.To learn to speak Spanish.
【小题2】When is the best time to visit Stonehenge according to the passage?
A.Summer.B.Spring.C.Winter.D.Autumn.
【小题3】Which location offers the most direct view into daily life in the ancient world?
A.Pompeii.B.Stonehenge.C.Ankor Wat.D.Machu Picchu.
【小题4】Where would you probably read such an article?
A.In a travel magazine.B.In a scientific journal.
C.In a history textbook.D.In an adventure novel.

For travellers who want to experience some of the history and mystery of the ancient world, here is a list of cool destinations for your next holiday.

Angkor Wat, Cambodia

Built in the 12th century, Angkor Wat (meaning “capital monastery”) was a temple in the ancient Khmer capital city of Angkor. It is Cambodia’s best-known tourist attraction and is famed for its beautiful architecture and reliefs. You’ll need at least three days to fully discover the delights of this magnificent site.

Machu Picchu, Peru

Machu Picchu was built high in the Andes Mountains of South America by the Inca in the 15th century. Although well preserved its exact purpose is unknown. It is famous throughout the world not only for its incredible design but also for the natural beauty that surrounds it. Give yourself a week to explore this magnificent site.

Stonehenge, England

The entire Stonehenge site was constructed over thousands of years. But why and how it was built remains a mystery. As the weather can be pretty bleak in winter and the crowds huge in summer, we suggest autumn should be the best time to visit these monster rocks.

Pompeii, Italy

When Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 A.D., Pompeii was buried under many layers of ash, preserving the city exactly as it was when the volcano erupted. Because so many objects were preserved, scientists and visitors are able to better understand daily life in the ancient Roman Empire.

1.Why may people want to visit Machu Picchu?

A.To climb the Andes Mountains.

B.To discover how it was built.

C.To explore both history and nature.

D.To learn to speak Spanish.

2.When is the best time to visit Stonehenge according to the passage?

A.Summer.

B.Spring.

C.Winter.

D.Autumn.

3.Which location offers the most direct view into daily life in the ancient world?

A.Pompeii.

B.Stonehenge.

C.Ankor Wat.

D.Machu Picchu.

4.Where would you probably read such an article?

A.In a travel magazine.

B.In a scientific journal.

C.In a history textbook.

D.In an adventure novel.

 

A worldwide poll of more than 100 million people has selected what it calls the new seven wonders of the world.The new wonders are expected to boost ___1__ to some popular destinations, but it is also prompting(唤起)some serious rethinking on the responsibility of tourists.

Of the __2___ seven wonders of the world, only the Pyramids of Giza are still standing.But the organizers of the New Seven Wonders say there is ___3___ shortage of wonders in the world.

Tia Viering is communications chief for the Zurich-based committee. "A wonder, we have been known to say in the past, is what makes you __4___,” says Viering.“It makes you ___5___ and it takes your breath away for a second and you think 'Oh wow! Why? How? Who? When?' And it's not just a building that you think, 'Oh, that's sort of a nice building' -- it takes your breath away and it ___6___ touches you."

Viering says the __7__ was choosing only seven from a list of 21 of the world's most awe-inspiring sites.Among them are the ancient temples of Angkor Wat.Some fear rampant(无节制的) tourism is ___8___ one of Cambodia's most popular destinations.

Historical preservationist John Stubbs is with the World Monument Fund."There's not a minute to ___9___ in looking after this precious place because, without a doubt, it could be ruined by some wrong ___10__," says Stubbs.

__11___ for many years, these monuments built for a 12th century king attract more than two million visitors every year.From just two hotels 10 years ago, today there are more than 100.In what was once jungle, new shopping malls, pizza restaurants and massage parlors ___12___ the landscape.

Even tourists have ___13___ feelings about the commerce surrounding what were ___14___ places of worship.

People had various reactions."I think it takes away from it, I do," says one."I don't,” says another.“I feel that the importance of this place deserves people to watch it, see it, ___15___ it."

1.A.adventure              B.tourism               C.curiosity              D.worship

2.A.imaginary              B.newly-elected       C.honorable            D.original

3.A.a                          B.such                   C.no                      D.another

4.A.wonder                 B.sigh                    C.laugh                  D.agree

5.A.escape                  B.wander                C.stop                    D.hurry

6.A emotionally              B.physically            C.critically              D.artificially

7.A.conflict                 B.agreement            C.surprise               D.difficulty

8.A.destroying             B.changing             C.overdeveloping     D.discovering

9.A.spend                   B.find                     C.waste                  D.spare

10.A.concepts             B.decisions             C.designs               D.findings

11.A.Independent         B.Unexpected          C.Unknown            D.Inaccessible

12.A.use                     B.equip                   C.dot                     D.symbolize

13.A.similar                 B.mixed                  C.strong                 D.changeable

14.A.once                   B.promisingly          C.ever                    D.eventually

15.A.witness               B.love                    C.improve              D.protect

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