题目内容

请根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，词数120.

Global Shortage of Fresh Water

1. 人们认为淡水是取之不尽的(提示：雨水，河水，井水)

2. 实际上淡水是短缺的(提示：人口增加，工业用水增加，污染严重)

3. 我们应当怎么办(提示：节约用水，开发新水源)

 

 

 

 

People often think that water will never be used up. There is plenty of water, such as rain, water from the rivers and wells. It seems as if water is always available around us and we never have to worry about water shortage.

In fact water is rather limited on the earth. With the rapid increase of population and fast development of industries, water is more needed than before. At the same time, a large amount of water has been polluted and wasted every day. Some big cities in China are facing the problem of water shortage already. There, water supply is controlled and industry has been restrained.

What should we do about the water shortage? I think, first, the people should be made aware of the real situation about the water. Everyone should consciously save on water and certain law should be made that no water will be polluted. We have to protect the existing water resources and develop new ones. In this way I believe that our cities will not be thirsty for water in the future.

【解析】

试题分析：考查开放性作文写作,开放性作文给出了一个话题，并有部分的文字提示。给考生自由发挥的余地较大。对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。在完成开放性作文时，首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在你的能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，因为这样你才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体，在发表个人观点的时候，可以使用谚语来提升整个文章的档次和文采，也能增加得高分的可能性。

【亮点说明】范文中出现一些常见的短语used up用光；plenty of许多；In fact事实上；At the same time与此同时；In this way用这种方式；It seems as if water is always available around us and we never have to worry about water shortage.这个句子运用 it seem as if 好象 这个固定句型结构；At the same time, a large amount of water has been polluted and wasted every day.这个句子运用现在完成时的被动语态。We have to protect the existing water resources and develop new ones在这个句子中protect 与develop是并列的，所以形式保持一致；

考点： 提纲类作文

 

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People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”．

Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能)．

Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior.

Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US，for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.

Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

1.This passage is mainly concerned with ________.

A. relation between personality and behavior

B. relation between behavior and environment

C. different accounts of patterns of human behavior

D. different theories of the formation of human behavior

2.The underlined word “proponents” in Paragraph 2 means ________.

A. creators B. advisors C. advocates D. judges

3.In Paragraph 5, the author mainly writes about ________.

A. the considerable influence of the two theories

B. differences between the blacks and whites

C. racial discrimination in the United States

D. different responds to intelligence tests

4.What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A. To call our attention to the changes of human behavior.

B. To urge scientists to do more research in social science.

C. To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.

D. To present an argument in the field of social science.

 

My sister and I were flying from our home in Kansas to a summer camp in Minnesota. Our plane had a two-hour at the airport in Omaha, where I saw a toy airplane that I really . I had $10 and I had no idea what I needed to at camp, but I spent $8 on the airplane anyway.

When we reached the camp, I discovered that there were no showers! , we bathed in a lake every night. I needed to buy soap. Because the regular soap I brought had chemicals that could the fish. The special soap cost $4 at the camp store. After buying the plane, I had $2 left, so I couldn’t buy the soap.

After a few days, I was a . Sally, our camp teacher, asked me if I needed some soap. When I her that I had spent my soap money on a toy airplane, she laughed and said, “You need to budget.” She then explained that a budget was a(n) for spending money to help make sure you save enough for things you — like soap — before you buy fun things — like . Sally gave me her extra soap, which I took.

When I returned home from , I decided to make my budget. Every week I spent time writing down everything I bought, and some weeks, I would have more in my “Money In” account I did odd jobs (零活) around the house.

Budgeting was , especially when my friends bought soda at the store after school and I couldn’t because I had spent all my “Want to Spend” money. But I with it, and by the next summer, I had enough money to buy a Paula Pilot doll at Omaha Airport, as well as at the camp store to Sally!

1.A. restB. tripC. flightD. stop

2.A. madeB. wantedC. leftD. remembered

3.A. learnB. bringC. buyD. do

4.A. BesidesB. HoweverC. InsteadD. Anyhow

5.A. specialB. commonC. smallD. expensive

6.A. catchB. raiseC. hurtD. control

7.A. heroB. messC. starD. failure

8.A. warnedB. toldC. suggestedD. reminded

9.A. planB. ideaC. exampleD. promise

10.A. loseB. gatherC. needD. hate

11.A. chemicalsB. clothesC. billsD. toys

12.A. fortunatelyB. cautiouslyC. unhappilyD. gratefully

13.A. schoolB. airportC. campD. hospital

14.A. dailyB. weeklyC. monthlyD. yearly

15.A. soB. andC. becauseD. until

16.A. hardB. boringC. safeD. fresh

17.A. dealtB. beganC. agreedD. stuck

18.A. receivedB. savedC. earnedD. borrowed

19.A. fishB. waterC. soapD. soda

20.A. apologize forB. call onC. care forD. pay back

 

The first day our professor challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t know. I looked around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady smiling at me.

She said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I’m 87. Can I give you a hug?” I laughed, “Of course you may!” and she gave me a giant squeeze. “Why are you in college at such a young, innocent age?” I asked. She jokingly replied, “I’m here to meet a rich husband, get married, and have a couple of children.” “No seriously,” I said. “I want to realize my dream!” she told me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and everyone liked to listen to this “time machine”.

At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet and I’ll never forget what she taught us. “There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you are 19 and lie in bed for one full year and don’t do one productive thing, you will turn 20. If I am 87 and stay in bed for a year and never do anything I will turn 88. We have less time to live on. Anybody can grow older. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunity in change. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do.”

At the year’s end, Rose finished the college degree she had dreamed about all those years. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep. Over 2,000 students attended her funeral honoring the wonderful woman who taught us such an important message.

1.Rose made herself known to the author in a _____ manner.

A. seriousB. coldC. crazyD. humorous

2.Rose was considered a “time machine” because she _____.

A. always followed a strict time schedule

B. was never late for any of her classes

C. had lived a long and rich life

D. always appeared in time whenever she was needed

3.According to Rose, growing up is different from growing older because _____.

A. growing up doesn’t need as much effort or talent as growing older

B. growing up means young people have enough time to waste

C. there is no need for one to worry about death

D. growing up means one has more chances or time to choose what one likes

4.Rose came to study in college at such an old age for the purpose of _____.

A. challenging her old age

B. realizing her long dream about college education

C. meeting someone rich and attractive

D. not having any regrets in her life

 

Without peace, development and equality of men and women are ______.  

A. out of breathB. out of the questionC. out of touchD. out of question

 

Doctors say anger can be an very harmful emotion unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that angry feelings can lead to heart disease， stomach problems， headaches， emotional problems and possibly cancer.

Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger， losing control of themselves. But other people repress their anger. They cannot or will not express it.

For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person’s health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry， the brain gives off the same hormones（激素）that are produced during tense situations. They speed the heart rate， raise blood pressure， or sugar into the blood and narrow the blood vessels（脉管）to the interstices（空隙）. In general， the person feels excited and ready to act.

Doctors said that repressing these feelings only makes the feelings continue. And this can lead to many medical problems. Doctors thought a person could prevent these problems by letting the anger out by expressing it freely. But recently some doctors held a different view. They said that people who express anger repeatedly and violently did become， in fact， more and not less angry.

They said this，too，can cause medical problems.

Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease， and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.

Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger， and then decide if the cause is serious. If it is， they say： “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably. ”

1.What does the phrase repress anger mean？

A.Forget one’s anger.

B.Express one’s anger openly.

C.Treat one’s anger calmly and reasonably.

D.Keep one’s anger inside.

2.Repressing anger is considered to be dangerous because of all the following except that _____.

A. the heart rate increases         

B. the blood pressure rises

C. the blood contains sugar          

D. some blood vessels become thinner

3.When you get angry，which of the following should you do for the good of health？

A. Repressing the anger.             

B. Expressing the anger.

C. Learning how to make a deal.      

D. Treating the anger properly.

4.What is the central topic of this passage about？

A.The different ways of dealing with anger.

B.The dangers of anger and the solution.

C.New medical discoveries.

D.The argument between the new and old views about anger.

 

He was _______ by his failure to find the job he had been looking forward to.

A.cast down B.kept up

C.turned over D.turned down

 

We laugh at jokes, but seldom _____ about how they work.

A. we think B. think we

C. we do think D. do we think

 

My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling , but I always knew he was . He never criticized us, but used to bring out our best. He’d say, “If you pour water on flowers, they flourish. If you don’t give them water, they die. ” I as a child I said something about somebody, and my father said, “ time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection（反映）of you. ” He explained that if I looked for the best people, I would get the best . From then on I’ve always tried to the principle in my life and later in running my company.

Dad’s also always been very . At 15, I started a magazine. It was a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a : stay in school or leave to work on my magazine. I decided to leave, and Dad tried to get me to change my decision, any good father would. When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “Richard, when I was 23, my dad me to go into law. And I’ve regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, __ I didn’t realize my . You know what you want. Go achieve it. ”

As turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national for young people in the U. K. My wife and I have two children, and I’ d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad me.

1.A. biologistB. managerC. lawyerD. gardener

2.A. strictB. honestC. specialD. learned

3.A. praiseB. courageC. powerD. warmth

4.A. thinkB. imagineC. rememberD. guess

5.A. unnecessaryB. unkindC. unimportantD. unusual

6.A. AnotherB. Some C. AnyD. Other

7.A. onB. inC. atD. about

8.A. in caseB. by turnsC. by chanceD. in return

9.A. processB. setC. reviewD. follow

10.A. understandingB. experiencedC. seriousD. demanding

11.A. taking upB. making upC. picking upD. keeping up

12.A. suggestionB. decisionC. noticeD. choice

13.A. andB. asC. even ifD. as if

14.A. helpedB. allowedC. persuadedD. suggested

15.A. alwaysB. neverC. seldomD. almost

16.A. ratherB. butC. forD. therefore

17.A. promiseB. taskC. beliefD. dream

18.A. thisB. heC. itD. that

19.A. newspaperB. magazineC. programD. project

20.A. controlledB. comfortedC. remindedD. raised

 

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