“To be or not to be”.Outside the Bible, these six words are the most famous in all the literature of the world.They were spoken by Hamlet when he was thinking aloud, and they are the most famous words in Shakespeare because Hamlet was speaking not only for himself but for every thinking man and woman.To be or not to be----to live or not to live, to live richly and abundantly and eagerly, or to live dully and meanly and scarcely.A philosopher(哲学家) once wanted to know whether he was alive or not, which is a good question for everyone to put to himself occasionally.He answered it by saying, “I think, therefore I am.”

       But the best definition of existence I ever saw was one written by another philosopher who said, “To be is to be in relations.” If this is true, then the more relations a living thing has, the more it is alive.To live abundantly means simply to increase the range and intensity (强度)of our relations.Unfortunately, we are so constituted (自作决定的)that we get to love our routine.But other than our regular occupation, how much are we alive? If you are interested only in your regular occupation, you are alive only to that extent.So far as other things are concerned----poetry and prose, music, pictures, sports unselfish friendships, politics, international affairs----you are dead.

       On the contrary, it is true that every time you acquire a new interest----even more, a new accomplishment----you increase your power of life.No one who is deeply interested in different kinds of subjects can remain unhappy.The real pessimist is the person who has lost interest.

       Bacon said that a man dies as often as he loses a friend.But we gain new life by contacts with new friends, and new ideas and thoughts, too.Where your thoughts are, there will be your life also.If your thoughts are limited only to your business, only to your physical welfare, only to your narrow circle of the town in which you live, then you live in a narrow restricted (有限的) life.But if you are interested in the characters of a good novel, then you are living with those highly interested people; if you listen intently to fine music, you are always away from immediate surroundings and living in a world of passion and imagination.

       To be or not to be ---- to live intensely and richly, or merely to exist, that depends on ourselves.Let us widen and intensify our relations.While we live, let us live.

What does the author mainly want to do by this passage?

       A.Argue against an idea.             B.Put forward an idea.

       C.Introduce some famous sayings.     D.Explain some famous sayings.

What does the underlined word “pessimist” most probably mean?

       A.Somebody who always expects the worst to happen.

       B.Somebody who is always interested in making new friends.

       C.Somebody who always lives in a world of passion and imagination.

       D.Somebody who likes to live a rich and abundant life.

Which of the following behaviors is most probably NOT encouraged by the author?

       A.Thinking more than your own business.

       B.Caring only about your physical welfare.

       C.Reading good novels.

       D.Listening to fine music.

What is the main idea of the passage?

       A.To be or not to be, that is a question.     B.I think, therefore I am.

       C.To be is to be in relations.               D.A man dies as often as he loses a friend.

Further education is officially described as the“post-secondary stage of education, comprising all vocational(职业的) and non-vocational provision made for young people who have left school, or for adults”. Further education thus embraces the vast range of university, technical, commercial, and art education and the wide field of adult education. It is this sector of education, which is concerned with education beyond the normal school-leaving ages of 16 or 18, that has experienced the most astonishing growth in the number of students.

In the 19th century the dominance(统治地位) of Oxford and Cambridge was challenged by the rise of the civic(城市的) universities, such as London, Manchester, and Birmingham. Following the lead of the 18th century German universities and responding to a public demand for increased opportunity for higher education, Britain’s new civic universities quickly acquired recognition—not only in technological fields but also in the fine and liberal arts.

Many new post-school technical colleges were founded in the early 20th century. The Fisher Act of 1918 empowered the local authorities to levy(征收) a rate (tax) to finance such colleges. The universities, on the other hand, received funds from the central government through the University Grants Committee, established in 1911 and recognized in 1920, after World War I.

A new type of technical college was established in the 1960s—the polytechnic, which provides mainly technological courses of university level as well as courses of a general kind in the arts and sciences. Polytechnics are chartered to award degrees validated(使有效) by a Council for National Academic Awards.

Thus, the third level in the United Kingdom is made up of colleges of further education, technical colleges, polytechnics, and universities. The colleges offer full-time and part-time courses beyond compulsory-school level. Polytechnics and universities are mainly responsible for degrees and research. The innovative Open University, with its flexible admission policy and study arrangements, opened in 1971. It uses various media to provide highly accessible and flexible higher education for working adults and other part-time students. It serves as an organizational model and provides course-materials for similar institutions in other countries.

Changes in British education in the second half of the 20th century have, without changing the basic values in the system, extended education by population, level, and content. New areas for expansion include immigrant cultural groups and multicultural content, the accommodation of special needs, and the development of tools and content in the expanding fields of microelectronics.

The first paragraph is written to explain      of further education.

A.the development  B.the history

C.the definition     D.the prospects(前景)

The new civic universities in Britain     .

A.replaced the dominance of Oxford and Cambridge

B.provided further education for all the people who need it

C.met the increased demand of the public for higher education

D.immediately followed the establishment of polytechnic colleges

Post-school technical colleges     .

A.were completely free of charge

B.were usually financed by local taxes 

C.depended mainly on students’ tuition(学费)

D.received funds from the central government

Further education is     .

A.only for adult students

B.part-time rather than full-time

C.non-vocational rather than vocational

D.created for both young people and adults

The proper title for this passage should be “    ”.

A.British Further Education

B.Changes in British Education                  

C.Polytechnics and Universities in Britain

D.Less Opportunity for Higher Education

Writer/ Time

Topic: Who’s a better singer, Andy Lau (刘德华) or Jacky Cheung (张学友)?

Jim

8-15-2006

5:25 pm.

Some people say Jacky is the best Chinese singer. I don’t think so! Andy is the best. I went to his concert last year. It was so wonderful, I almost cried! OK, I did cry, but that’s because Andy is so handsome!

Tom

9-3-2006

4:38 pm.

I disagree with Jim. Andy sounds like every other singer. His voice is nothing special. On the other hand, Jacky’s voice is unique, and his songs are so romantic!

Linda

9-10-2006

8:54 pm.

I think they’re about the same. But Andy is a better actor. I’ve seen almost all of his movies. Remember the one where he was an airplane pilot, and his plane crashed near a farm? I love that movie!

John

9-16-2006

10:25 pm.

I also think Jacky is a better singer. I prefer his Cantonese (粤语) songs. Maybe they sound better because Cantonese is his first language.

Tom

10-2-2006

10:12 am.

I agree. Jacky’s Cantonese songs are better than his Mandarin (华语) songs. (Though, I still like all his songs!)

Who likes Andy Lau the best?       .

A. Jim       B. Tom       C. Linda         D. John

Why did Jim cry? Because       .

A. she was sad at a concert.        B. she had a broken heart. 

C. she was angry at Jacky Cheung   D. she thought Andy Lau was very good looking

What’s Linda’s opinion?       .

A. Andy is a better singer.          B. Jacky is a better singer.

C. They both sing equally well.      D. Jacky is a better actor.

Why does John think Jacky’s Cantonese songs sound the best? Because        .

A. Jacky has no experience singing in Mandarin.   

B. it’s his native language

C. his mandarin pronunciation is bad         

D. Jacky’s Mandarin songs are boring.

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