题目内容

5.The expression,"everybody's doing it,"is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure.It is a strong influence of a group,especially of children,on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.It can be positive or negative.Most people experience it in some way during their lives.
People are social creatures by nature,and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others.This instinct (天性) is why the approval of peers,or the fear of disapproval,is such a powerful force in many people's lives.It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work,or to answer"fine"when a stranger asks"how are you?"even if it is not necessarily true.There is a practical aspect to this:it helps society to function efficiently,and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.
For certain individuals,seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire,they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs,or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior.Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to"keep up with the Joneses."
However,peer pressure is not always negative.A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades.Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs,or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.
Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure.They teach kids to stand up and be themselves,and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.Similarly,it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.

71.feeling 72.influences 73.practical 74.unconsciously 75.individuals 76.moral 77.spirit78.habits 79.independent 80.no.

分析 本文讲述了"同伴压力"(peer pressure).
人作为社会人,总要受到他人的评价和认同,他人的评价和认同对人的行为造成很大的影响.这也可以解释--为什么有些人在家里的表现和在外面的表现不一样?在家里可以穿拖鞋很随意,在外面却要西装革履待人接物均符合社会准则.
他人的评价和社会认同影响着人的日常生活,包括因为看到有些人买了车有些人买了房而产生的"攀比心理".家长也普遍存在"攀比心理",把自己的孩子和别人的孩子比较,对自己的孩子施加压力.
同伴的压力会让人失去个体的判断力,丧失道德准则,不辨是非,甚至违法犯罪.
作者建议正确认识"同伴压力"--在学校,学校应该让学生认识到不恰当的同伴竞争的危害,保持独立,做自己,坚持自己的见解,鼓励积极的竞争关系,调整攀比心理.

解答 71.feeling         推理题.根据文章第一段2,3行it is a strong influence of a group,especially of children,on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.peer pressure(同龄人压力)是指同龄人的行为会影响到同一群里另外的年轻人会有相似的行为.也就是说peer pressure会让我们有一种强烈的感觉要做和同伴一样的事情,所以feeling正确.
72.influences      推理题.根据第一段2,3行it is a strong influence of a group,especially of children,on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.it can be positive or negative.可知peer pressure对每个人都会有一些,这种影响可能是积极的,也可能是消极的.本句中的influences与前面的works是并列结构.
73.practical      归纳总结题.根据文章第二段第五行there is a practical aspect to this可知peer pressure会产生很多现实的影响,这些影响都是实际存在的.
74.unconsciously  推理题.根据文章第三段3,4,5行teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs,or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior.mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work可知不管是年轻人还是成年人都在不知不觉中收到同伴的影响.故使用unconsciously表示无意识地.
75.individuals   原词再现.根据第三段第一行for certain individuals可知同伴的压力对个体会产生很大的影响.
76.moral         推理题.根据文章第三段2,3,4行in order to satisfy the desire,they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs,or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior.可知同伴的压力会让人丧失道德准则,不辨是非,甚至违法犯罪.本句中的moral指道德的.
77.spirit        推理题.根据第四段2,3行players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.可知同伴的压力也有积极的影响,为了帮助自己锁在的队伍获胜,他们会养成团队合作精神.故使用名词spirit.
78.habits         原词再现.根据第四段3,4行this type of influence can also get a friend off drugs,or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.可知peer pressure可以帮助人们养成好的习惯并摈弃一些不好的习惯.
79.independent   推理题.根据文章最后一段they teach kids to stand up and be themselves 可知要教会孩子独立,并做真正的自己.
80.no            推理题.根据最后一段encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.可知要鼓励孩子拒绝去做一些他们认为错误的事情.句中的decline拒绝转换成say no to.

点评 议论文类的阅读需要明确文章的中心思想和写作意图,在中心思想和写作意图的指导下,寻找依据.此类文章考查了学生的逻辑推理能力.

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Have a positive friendship with your parents.
Becoming friends with your parents should be a positive experience overall.If you're unsure how to begin,start by expressing your interest in a friendship with them.Hearing you say that you desire this change in your relationship will probably make them feel good.(40)E

A.It is rather difficult to live with parents.
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2.We've considered several ways of paying to cut inline:hiring line standers,buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子),or purchasing line cutting privileges directly from,say,an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).
  Markets and queues-paying and waiting-are two different ways of allocating things,and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue,"First come,first served,"have an egalitarian(平等主义的) appeal.They tell us to ignore privilege,power,and deep pockets.
The principle seems right on play grounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.If I put my house up for sale,I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along,simply because it's the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities,properly governed by different standards.
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 Of course,markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit,others by need,still others by chance.However,the tendency of markets to replace queues,and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we've considered-at airports and amusement parks,in call centers,doctors'offices,and national parks-are recent developments,scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern,but these are not the only places that markets have entered.

58.According to the author,which of the following seems governed by the principle"First come,first served"?A
A.Taking buses.               B.Buying houses.
C.Flying with an airline.     D.Visiting amusement parks.
59.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates.C
A.the necessity of patience in queuing     B.the advantage of modern technology
C.the uncertainty of allocation principle  D.the fairness of telephonic services
60.The passage is meant toB.
A.justify paying for faster services   
B.discuss the morals of allocating things
C.analyze the reason for standing in line                     
D.criticize the behavior of queue jumping.

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