题目内容

【题目】Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown.

As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts.

They are advising all parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks.

Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused shortsightedness in animals.

Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also applies to humans.

A study of almost 300,000 young adults-the largest of its kind-showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January.

Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it was because prolonged illumination(光照) causes the eyeball to lengthen-causing short-sightedness.

Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be.

The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.

In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape.

Sight expert Professor Daniel O’Leary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said “At the moment we don’t know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming shortsighted.”

【1】Melatonin is a kind of material to ___________.

A. prevent the eyes from becoming near-sighted

B. protect the skin from harmful sun rays

C. make our body strong

D. protect babies’ eyes from summer sun

【2】From what Professor Daniel O’Leary says we can conclude that ___________.

A. there is no evidence that shortsightedness is related to exposure to sunlight

B. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further proved

C. he believes that light exposure can cause shortsightedness

D. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight

【答案】

【小题1】B

【小题2】C

【解析】

试题解析：研究表明在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，眼科专家称多达四分之一的近视眼病例是由于在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。

【小题1】B推理判断题。根据倒数第三段The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.得知，褪黑激素是一种可以保护皮肤不受阳光紫外线伤害的色素。故选B 。

【小题2】C推理判断题。根据最后一段得知，剑桥大学的视学专家Daniel O’Leary教授相信暴露在阳光下会导致人们近视眼。故选C。

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【题目】Undoubtedly there are a few positive characters who are able to “rise above” their environment, who are able to impress the people with whom they come in contact in spite of their clothes.

Sometimes we read of some learned woman, who has “made good in her profession,” who says that she has not looked in a mirror for years; but such a woman is a rare exception, and one is not safe in gambling with one’s chances of success by following her. It is not the positive characters with whom we are concerned, however, for they are few and somehow manage to take care of themselves. The vast majority of the race are not so blessed, and we need to observe but little to realize that with them the reaction of clothes is an important factor.

School girls should know that clothes may make a career; happiness and leadership in all the years of high school and college life may be affected by the story a Freshman’s clothes tell. Many a girl with a keen mind, who has a natural disregard for clothes, perhaps, or who has not been trained in the appreciation of beauty in clothes, has lost her opportunities for leadership and self-expression which by right her brain power should have given her.

One of the mental capacities which we all exercise and yet exercise most unconsciously is that of passing judgment on the people we meet. In a majority of cases the judgment is superficial and inaccurate; but the estimate is made. Some people may not get their final judgment till they hear one talk and will judge one by the tone of voice and by what is said as the true index; but the vast majority will form an opinion based largely, if not entirely, on appearance. One tells the world daily of one’s ideals, ambitions or good breeding through dress; and it is told so plainly that “he who runs may read” and, perhaps, he who reads may run.

【1】According to the first two paragraphs, few people _______.

A. care about their appearances

B. understand the art of dressing themselves

C. can catch others’ attention by dressing plainly

D. are able to dress properly without professional directions

【2】Who is the text intended for?

A. Book writers B. Women

C. Men D. Fashion designers

【3】The author thinks it is _______ for most of us to judge the people we meet by what they wear.

A. natural B. foolish C. surprising D. necessary

【4】Which of the following can be the best title?

A. Rise Above Your Environment

B. He Who Runs May Read

C. Dress to Impress

D. Art of Dressing

【题目】

A recent study in the Chronicle of Higher Education said many foreign students report feeling lonely or unwelcome in Australia. Those feelings are among the reasons why Australia is taking a close look at its international education industry. The government has formed an advisory council to help develop a five-year national strategy for the future of international education in Australia.

But wherever international students go, making friends may not always be easy. The Journal of International and Intercultural Communication recently published a study done in the United States.

Elisabeth Gareis of Baruch College in New York surveyed 454 international students. They were attending four-year colleges and graduate schools in the American South and Northeast.

Students from English-speaking countries and from northern and central Europe were more likely to be happy with their friendships. But 38 percent of the international students said they had no close friends in the United States.

And half of the students from East Asia said they were unhappy with the number of American friends they had. Professor Gareis says 30 percent said they wished their friendships could be deeper and more meaningful.

Elisabeth Gareis said, "Students from East Asia have cultures that are different on many levels from the culture in the United States. But then there's also language problems, and maybe some social skills, such as small talk, that are possibly not as important in their native countries, where it's not as important to initiate friendships with small talk."

She says many East Asian students blamed themselves for their limited friendships with Americans.

VOA's Student Union blogger Jessica Stahl did her own survey to find out how American students and foreign students relate to each other. More than 100 students, about half of them American, answered her online questions.

Half of the international students and 60 percent of the Americans said they related as well or better to the other group than to their own group.

Professor Gareis says students who make friends from their host country return home happier with their experience.

【1】 What can be the best title for the passage?

A. International students making friends may not always be easy.

B. Australia judges its strategies for the future of international education.

C. International students were happy with their friendships.

D. Many East Asian students have limited friendships with Americans.

【2】 According to the text, what makes Australia examine its international industry?

A. A recent study in the Chronicle of Higher Education.

B. The feelings of loneliness many foreign students have.

C. A survey made by Professor Gareis.

D. Her own survey done by blogger Jessica Stahl.

【3】 Which may NOT be the reason why many students from East Asia were unhappy with their friendships?

A. Different cultures. B. Language problems.

C. Some social skills. D. Living conditions.

【4】 The word "where" in Paragraph 6 probably refers to __________.

A. students' home countries

B. students' host countries

C. the United States

D. Australia

【5】 Where do you think this article can be seen?

A. Newspaper. B. Journal.

C. Textbook. D. Website.

【题目】In this stable weather conditions, the pollutants in the air are not easy for outward diffusion, so that the pollutants __________ in the atmosphere to make the air worse.

A. accumulate B. accuse C. accomplish D. accompany

【题目】Here’s one number to keep in mind during your next cell phone conversation: 50. A new experiment shows that spending 50 minutes with an active phone pressed up to the ear increases activity in the brain. This brain activity probably doesn't make you smarter. When cell phones are on, they emit (发出) energy in the form of radiation that could be harmful, especially after years of cell phone usage. Scientists don't know yet whether cell phones are bad for the brain. Studies like this one are attempting to find it out.

The 47 participants in the experiment may have looked a little strange. Each one had two Samsung cell phones attached to his or her head — one on each ear. The phone on the left ear was off. The phone on the right ear played a message for 50 minutes, but the participants couldn't hear it because the sound was off.

With this set-up, the scientists could be sure they were studying brain activity from the phone itself, and not brain activity due to listening and talking during a conversation. After 50 minutes with two phones strapped to their heads, the participants were given PET scans.

The PET scan showed that the left side (the side with the phone turned off) of each participant's brain hadn't changed during the experiment. The right side of the brain, however, had used more glucose, which is a type of sugar that provides fuel to brain cells. These right-side brain cells were using almost as much glucose as the brain uses when a person is talking. This suggests that the brain cells there were active ― even without the person hearing anything. That activity, the scientists say, was probably caused by radiation from the phone.

Henry Lai, who works at the University of Washington in Seattle, is uncomfortable with the data related to cell phones. Holding a cell phone to your ear during a conversation is “not really safe,” Lai told Science News. Lai is a bioengineer at the University of Washington in Seattle. He wrote an article about the new study for a journal, but he did not work on the study. Bioengineers bring together ideas from engineering and biology.

For those who don't want to wait to find out for sure whether cell phones are bad for the brain, there are ways to talk more safely. You can have short and sweet conversations, use a speakerphone or keep the phone away from your head.

【1】Which of the following statement is true?

A. Scientists are sure that cell phones are bad for the brain.

B. In the experiment, the left side of the brain used more glucose.

C. Radiation from the phone probably causes the change in the brain.

D. Henry Lai wrote a lot of articles about this new study.

【2】Why weren’t the participants allowed to have a conversation on the phone during the experiment?

A. Because the scientists want to be sure of the accuracy of the experiment.

B. Because they really looked strange and no one wanted to talk to others.

C. Because they were given PET scans and they lost the ability to talk.

D. Because that would be too noisy and bad for the experiment.

【3】What is glucose?

A. A type of sugar that provides vitamin to brain cells.

B. Something that the right side of the brain used.

C. A type of sugar that gives energy to brain cells.

D. Something that makes a human excited.

【4】According to the last two paragraphs, which is the safest way to use a cell phone?

A. Holding the cell phone close to your head.

B. Using a cell phone more than three hours a day.

C. Taking the most powerful cell phone.

D. Keeping the cell phone at a distance.

【5】Where is this article probably taken from?

A. Literature magazine. B. Science News.

C. Story books. D. Art Journal.

【题目】One day a few years ago, a very funny thing happened to a neighbor of mine. He is a teacher at one of London’s medical schools. He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture. He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag, but he had put Rupert, the skeleton(人体骨骼) to be used in his lecture, in a large brown suitcase(箱子). At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper. He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop.

When he got back he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake. He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert.

【1】Who wrote the story?

A. The teacher’s neighbor

B. The neighbor’s teacher

C. A medical school teacher

D. Rupert’s teacher

【2】Which of the following might have happened afterwards?

A. the teacher got back Rupert but not the suitcase

B. the teacher got back neither the suitcase nor Rupert

C. the teacher got back the suitcase but not Rupert

D. the teacher got back both the suitcase and Rupert

【题目】Our team took the lead after he made two three-point shootings, forcing the opposition team to make __________.

A. judgments B. agreements C. adjustments D. movements

【题目】The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of 2 September 1666. In four days it destroyed more than three-quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden and close together. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives.

The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the King's baker in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning.

By eight o'clock three hundred houses were on fire. On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames. Tuesday was the worst day. The fire destroyed many well-known buildings, old St Paul's and the Guildhall among them.

Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire. People threw their things into the river. Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment. Birds fell out of the air because of the heat.

The fire stopped only when the King finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.

After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect, wanted a city with wider streets and fine new houses of stone. In fact, the streets are still narrow; but he did build more than fifty churches, among them was new St Paul's.

The fire caused great pain and loss, but after it London was a better place: a city for the future and not just of the past.

【1】It seems that the writer of the text was most sorry for the fact that ______.

A. many famous buildings were destroyed

B. the birds in the sky were killed by the fire

C. some people lost their lives

D. the King's bakery was burned down

【2】Why did the writer cite (引用)Samuel Pepys’ words?

A. Because Pepys was among those putting out the fire.

B. Because Pepys also wrote about the fire.

C. To give the reader a clearer picture of the fire.

D. To show that poor people suffered most.

【3】Which of the following were reasons for the rapid spread (扩散)of the big fire?

(a) There was a strong wind.

(b) The streets were very narrow.

(c) Many houses were made of wood.

(d) There was not enough water in the city.

(e) People did not discover the fire earlier.

A. (a) and (b)

B. (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e)

C. (a), (b), (c) and (d)

D. (a), (b) and (c)

【题目】Mr. Smith was __________ of the __________ speech, so he began to read a novel.

A. tired; bored

B. tired; boring

C. tiring; boring

D. tiring; bored

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