In the United States, friendships can be close, constant, intense, generous, and real, yet fade away in a short time if circumstances change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christm 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

In the United States, friendships can be close, constant, intense, generous, and real, yet fade away in a short time if circumstances (环境) change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greeting for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while --- then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship where it left off and are delighted.

In the States, you can feel free to visit people’s homes, share their holidays, enjoy their children and their lives without fear that you are taking on a lasting obligation. Do not hesitate to accept hospitality because you cannot give it in return. No one will expect you to do so for they know you are far from home. Americans will enjoy welcoming you and be pleased if you accept their hospitality easily.

Once you arrive there, the welcome will be full and warm and real. Most visitors find themselves readily invited into many homes there. In some countries it is considered inhospitable to entertain at home, offering what is felt as “merely” home cooked food, not “doing something” for your guest. It is felt that restaurant entertaining shows more respect and welcome. Or for various other reasons, such as crowded space, language difficulties, or family custom, outsiders are not invited into homes.

In the United States, both methods are used, but it is often considered more friendly to invite a person to one’s home than to go to a public place, except in purely business relationships. So, if your host or hostess brings you home, do not feel that you are being shown inferior (差的) treatment.

Don’t feel neglected (被忽视) if you do not find flowers awaiting you in your hotel room either. Flowers are very expensive there, hotel delivery (递送，投递) is uncertain, arrival times are delayed, changed, or canceled – so flowers are not customarily (通常) sent as a welcoming touch. Please do not feel unwanted! Outward signs vary in different lands; the inward welcome is what matters, and this will be real.

1.In the United States, you will find friendships __________ if circumstances change.

A．die suddenly B．pass away

C．disappear gradually D．last forever

2.Americans _________ their foreign friends to make a return for their hospitality.

A．ask B．wish C．never allow D．don’t expect

3.In some other countries, giving a dinner party at home is considered _______ than in a restaurant.

A．less formal B．less hospitable

C．more natural D．more popular

4.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A．Flowers are available at all time.

B．Flowers are expensive.

C．Flowers are signs of outward welcome.

D．Flowers are not necessarily sent to guests.

5.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A．American Hospitality B．American Friendships

C．American Invitation D．American Welcome

【答案】

1.C

2.D

3.B

4.A

5.B

【解析】

试题分析：本文主要讲述的就是美国人的友谊观，对待友谊的不同的态度和方式。

1.C 细节题。根据第一段2,3行Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greeting for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while --- then no more. 可知如果环境变化了，容人们的友谊也在慢慢地淡化，故C正确。

2.D 细节题。根据第二段2,3行Do not hesitate to accept hospitality because you cannot give it in return. No one will expect you to do so for they know you are far from home.可知D项正确。

3.B 细节题。根据文章第三段2,3,4行In some countries it is considered inhospitable to entertain at home, offering what is felt as “merely” home cooked food, not “doing something” for your guest.可知在别的国家里邀请客人去家里可能会被认为不够热情。故B正确。

4.A 细节题。根据文章最后一段前3行Don’t feel neglected (被忽视) if you do not find flowers awaiting you in your hotel room either. Flowers are very expensive there, hotel delivery (递送，投递) is uncertain, arrival times are delayed, changed, or canceled – so flowers are not customarily (通常) sent as a welcoming touch.可知A项错误，在美国花是很难在会见客人时看见的。故A项符合要求。

5.B 主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段In the United States, friendships can be close, constant, intense, generous, and real, yet fade away in a short time if circumstances (环境) change.可知本文主要讲述的就是美国人的友谊观。故B正确。

考点：考查文化类短文阅读

点评：本文主要讲述的就是美国人的友谊观，对待友谊的不同的态度和方式。文章基本上是考查细节题，对此类题型考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。

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Yet last week the New York Assembly struck a blow against multitasking, at least behind the wheel, when it approved a bill banning drivers in the state from using handheld cellular phones. Too dangerous, the assembly said, citing research showing that drivers are four times more likely to have a collision when they are talking on a cellphone.
No one can argue against using time effectively. But accompanying the supposed gains are losses. Consider the woman out for an early-morning walk in a suburban neighborhood. She strides briskly, head down, cellphone clamped to her ear, chattering (喋喋不休) away, oblivious of the birds and flowers and glorious sunshine. Did the walk have any value?
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Perhaps, too, the ban on phoning-on-the-road will even spark a move away from other forms of dual activity. Who can tell? It could mark the first step in a welcome reconsideration of what really constitutes productivity and accomplishment.
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A. it helps people to use time effectively
B. it makes people feel they are important
C. it means the ability to do several things at once
D. people worship speed and desire
2. The bill approved by the New York Assembly is mentioned in the second paragraph in order to ________.
A. demonstrate the danger of multitasking
B. show the high efficiency of multitasking
C. introduce the legislation system in America
D. argue against using time effectively
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A. serious                     B. absorbed deeply
C. not noticing                     D. forgetting
4. We learn from the passage that uni-tasking is ________.
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C. created by a retired professor of theology
D. the traditional act of doing one thing at once
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B. should be taken the place of by uni-tasking
C. robs people of time to focus and reflect
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【小题2】It can be inferred from the passage that .

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B．the American Heart Association suggests less than 3 grams of salt a day for everyone

C．Americans ate no more than 5 grams of salt per day in the 1970s

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【小题3】The last paragraph mainly tells us .

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B．Bloomberg is very successful in his career

C．parents must pay great attention to calorie information

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The result：10％ fewer heart attacks. 8％ fewer strokes. 4％ fewer deaths. 11％ fewer new cases of heart disease. And 240 billion dollars in health care savings.

Researchers found it could prevent 10，000 heart attacks and 9。200 deaths every year.

The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo at the University of California San Francisco was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams， or one-half teaspoon，less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford and Columbia Uni versity.

Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodium（钠），which is how foods may list their salt content.

The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The American Heart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the American diet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen seventies， while blood pressures have also risen. Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure.

New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National Salt Reduction Initiative. The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants. Critics call it government interference.

Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas， like requiring fast food places in the city to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children’s Research Institute shows that the calorie information on the menu can influence what parents order for their children.

1.We can tell from the passage that now heart attacks occur in the US every year.

A．240，000

B．900，000

C．100，000

D．92，000

2.It can be inferred from the passage that .

A．all the heart diseases result from eating too much salt

B．the American Heart Association suggests less than 3 grams of salt a day for everyone

C．Americans ate no more than 5 grams of salt per day in the 1970s

D．the less salt one eats， the healthier he will be

3.The last paragraph mainly tells us .

A．Bloomberg has made some other efforts to improve people’s health

B．Bloomberg is very successful in his career

C．parents must pay great attention to calorie information

D．a new study is being done about calorie information

第二部分：阅读理解(共15小题：每小题2分, 满分30分)

阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

The ability to do several things at once has become one of the great measures of self-worth for 21-century Americans. It is called multitasking, and it takes many forms. As one example, why go out to lunch when you can eat at your desk, talk to a client on the phone, scroll through your e-mail, and scan a memo simultaneously? And why simply work out on treadmill (单调的工作) when you could be watching television and talking on a portable phone at the same time? What a feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment --- three activities for the time commitment of one! Ah, such efficiency. No wonder those who turn “to do” lists into a time-management art form tend to boast (自夸): “Look, me, how many things I can accomplish at once. If I’m this busy, I must be important.”

Yet last week the New York Assembly struck a blow against multitasking, at least behind the wheel, when it approved a bill banning drivers in the state from using handheld cellular phones. Too dangerous, the assembly said, citing research showing that drivers are four times more likely to have a collision when they are talking on a cellphone.

No one can argue against using time effectively. But accompanying the supposed gains are losses. Consider the woman out for an early-morning walk in a suburban neighborhood. She strides briskly, head down, cellphone clamped to her ear, chattering (喋喋不休) away, oblivious of the birds and flowers and glorious sunshine. Did the walk have any value?

More than a decade ago, long before multi-tasking became a word in everyday use, a retired professor of theology(神学) in Indiana with whom I corresponded (通信) made a case for what might be called uni-tasking — the old-fashioned practice of doing one thing at a time.

Offering the simplest example, he said, “When you wash the dishes, wash the dishes.” Good advice, I’ve found, whatever the task.

Perhaps, too, the ban on phoning-on-the-road will even spark a move away from other forms of dual activity. Who can tell? It could mark the first step in a welcome reconsideration of what really constitutes productivity and accomplishment.

1. The author thinks that multitasking has become one of the great measures of self-worth because ________.

A. it helps people to use time effectively

B. it makes people feel they are important

C. it means the ability to do several things at once

D. people worship speed and desire

2. The bill approved by the New York Assembly is mentioned in the second paragraph in order to ________.

A. demonstrate the danger of multitasking

B. show the high efficiency of multitasking

C. introduce the legislation system in America

D. argue against using time effectively

3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “oblivious” in the third paragraph?

A. serious B. absorbed deeply

C. not noticing D. forgetting

4. We learn from the passage that uni-tasking is ________.

A. the new fashion for 21-century Americans

B. accepted by most residents in Indiana

C. created by a retired professor of theology

D. the traditional act of doing one thing at once

5. In the eyes of the author, multi-tasking ________.

A. could not be avoided in this fast-changing age

B. should be taken the place of by uni-tasking

C. robs people of time to focus and reflect

D. should not become a word in everyday use

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