题目内容

Winner of the Noble Prize for Literature and one of the America’s leading novelists, Sinclair Lewis was born in Sauk Centre, Minnesota, in 1885. The author graduated from Yale University, and worked as reporter, editor, and free-lane writer before devoting his full time to writing. His literary reputation was made with the publication of Main Street in 1920. Later successes include Babbitt (1922), Arrow smith (1924), Elmer Gantry (1927) and Dog worth (1929). Both Babbitt and Arrow smith are available in Signet edition. Mr. Lewis died in Rome, Italy in 1951.

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To our readers: We welcome your request for our free catalog of Signet and Mentor books. If you dealer does not have the books you want, you may order them by mail, enclosing the list price plus 50 cent a copy to cover mailing in North America while in other districts $1.5 a copy. The New American Library of World Literature, Inc, P.O. Box 2310, Grand Central Station, New York 17, New York. You can check more information on our website here http//www.loa.org.

1.Which of the following statements is true about the author of Main Street?

A. He was awarded the Nobel Prize when he was 35.

B. He did several different jobs before becoming a full time writer.

C. His later works were more successful than his early ones.

D. He wrote a novel every other year in his literary life.

2.What can we know about the novel Main Street from the above passage?

A. It has been one of the most widely accepted historical novels.

B. It is somewhat the real life presentation of its author Sinclair Lewis.

C. It presents a realistic look of the life scene of America at that time.

D. It has a great impact in the process of the twenty-first century literature.

3. How much more should a Chinese reader pay if he orders five copies of the same Signet books than a Canadian reader?

A. $7.5. B. $5. C. $2.5. D. $10.

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For some years the big drugmakers have been worrying about an approaching "patent cliff"—a fall in sales as the patents on their most popular pills expire or are struck down by legal challenges, with few new potential blockbusters to take their place. This week the patent on the best-selling drug in history expired—Lipitor, an anti-cholesterol pill which earned Pfizer nearly $11 billion in revenues last year.In all, pill like Lipitor with a combined $170 billion in annual sales will go off-patent by the end of 2015.

What is supposed to happen now is that lots of copycat firms rush in with "generic" (ie, chemically identical) versions of Lipitor at perhaps one-fifth of its price.Patients and health-care payers should reap the benefit.Pfizer's revenues should suffer. The same story will be repeated many times, as other best-selling drugs march over the patent cliff

But generics makers may face delays getting their cheaper versions to market.Ranbaxy, a Japanese-owned drugmaker, struggled to get regulators' approval for its generic version of Lipitor, and only won it on the day the patent expired.More importantly, research-based drug firms are using a variety of tactics to make the patent cliff slope more gently. Jon Leibowitz, chairman of America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC), is concerned by drugmakers filing additional patents on their products to put off the day when their protection expires.

Another tactic(策略) is "pay-for-delay", in which a drugmaker facing a legal challenge to its patent pays its would-be competitor to put off introducing its cheaper copy. In the year to October the FTC identified what it believes to be 28 such settlements. American and European regulators are looking into these deals. However, legal challenges against them have been delayed, and a bill to ban them is stuck in Congress.

To encourage generics makers to challenge patents on drugs, and introduce cheaper copies,

an American law passed in 1984 says that the first one to do so will get a 180-day exclusivity period,in which no other generics maker can sell versions of the drug in question, as Ranbaxy supposedly won with Lipitor.

However, Pfizer is exploiting a loophole(空子) in the 1984 law, which lets it appoint a second, authorised copycat—in this case, Watson, another American firm.According to BernsteinResearch, under the deal between the two drugmakers Pfizer will receive about 70% of Watson's revenues from its approved copy of Lipitor.More unusual, Pfizer has cut the price of its original version, and will keep marketing it vigorously. So Ranbaxy faces not one, but two competitors.

All this may raise Pfizer's sales by nearly $500m in the last half of 2015 compared with what they would otherwise have been, says Tim Anderson of BernsteinResearch, with revenues then falling after the 180 days are over. Others fear that Pfizer's tactics , if copied, will make the 180-day exclusivity period worth far less, and thus discourage generic firms from challenging patents in the first place.

1.The underlined word “blockbusters” in Paragraph 1 refers to “_______’

A. pills that sell very well

B. new patents to appear

C. drugmakers to compete with Pfizer

D. challenges which Pfizer has to face

2.What is the tactic mentioned in Paragraph 4?

A. Legal challenges against expired patents have been paid for putting off the cheaper copy.

B. Bills to prohibit generic makers have been stuck in Congress.

C. Drugmakers try to spend money delaying filing additional patents on popular pills

D. Patent-holders give possible competitors money to prevent more losses.

3.Pfizer exploit a loophole in the 1984 law mainly by ________.

A.marketing Lipitor more actively

B. making the price of Lipitor go up

C. cooperating with Watson to beat Ranbaxy

D. encouraging Watson to produce cheaper copies

4. How many tactics are adopted by patent-holders in the passage?

A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five

5.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A. Drugmakers’ struggle

B. Generic makers’ dilemma

C. Laws concerning patent protection

D. Popular pills of Pfizer

One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon----it’s already here.

While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customer for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.

Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

1.According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to .

A. withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes

B. obtain more convenient services than other people do

C. enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper

D. cash money where he wishes to

2.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that .

A. in the future all the Americans will use credit cards

B. credit cards are mainly used in the United States today

C. nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash

D. it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before

3.The phrase “ring up sales” most probably means .

A. make an order of goods

B. record sales on a cash register

C. call the sales manager

D. keep track of the goods in stock

4.It can be inferred that .

A. computers will bring disaster

B. computer industry will not develop faster

C. computers will bring about more convenience to people’s life

D. None

Now many young people are traveling around the world on their own, not because they have no one to travel with, but because they prefer to go alone.

Kristina Wegscheider from California first traveled alone when she was at college and believes that it is something everyone should do at least once in their life. “It opens up your mind to new things and pushes you out of your comfort zone.” Wegscheider has visited 46 countries covering all seven continents.

In foreign countries, with no one to help you read a map, look after you if you get ill, or lend you money if your wallet is stolen, it is challenging. This is what drives young people to travel alone. It is seen as character building and a chance to prove that they can make it on their own.

Chris Richardson decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go traveling last year. He set up a website, The Aussie Nomad, to document his adventures. He says he wished he had traveled alone earlier. “The people you meet, the places you visit, or the things you do, everything is up to you and it forces you to grow as a person,” said the 30-year-old man.

Richardson describes traveling alone like “a shot in the arm”, which “makes you a more confident person that is ready to deal with anything”. He said, “The feeling of having overcome something on my own is a major part of what drives me each day when I’m dealing with a difficult task. I walk around with my head up because I know deep down inside that nothing is impossible if you try.”

The great 19th century explorer John Muir once said, “Only by going alone in silence can one truly get into the heart of the wilderness.”

1. Which of the following will Kristina Wegscheider agree with?

A. Traveling alone is a necessary experience for everyone.

B. It is more meaningful to travel in foreign countries.

C. It is comfortable to travel around without a friend.

D. Traveling abroad helps people to find new things.

2.Traveling alone is challenging because ________.

A. you have to make things on your own

B. it is hard for you to prove yourself to others

C. you can only depend on yourself whatever happens

D. it will finally build your character

3.What can we infer about Chris Richardson?

A. He started traveling alone at an early age.

B. He was once shot in the arm.

C. He used to work as a salesman.

D. His website inspires others a lot.

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A. Travel Abroad B. Travel Alone

C. Travel Light D. Travel Wide and Far

Each Indian tribe had a different language.Many Indians never learned any language except their own.Do you know how Indians from different tribes talked to each other? They had two ways to talk without sounD.1.

Sign language is a way of talking by using signs.Indians used sign language when they met strangers.In this way, they could find out whether the stranger was a friend or an enemy.In the Indian sign language, signs were made with the hands.Indians usually used signals when they wanted to send messages to someone far away.To make signals, an Indian might use a pony.2. Or he might use smoke, a mirror or fire arrows.

To signal that he had seen many animals, an Indian rode his pony in a large circle.Sometimes the Indian gave a signal like this and then went away to hide.3.

The blanket signal was visible from far away.An Indian held the corners of a blanket in his hands.Then he began to swing the blanket from side to side in front of him.4.He could also send many signals with a mirror.He usually used the mirror to warn someone of danger.Or he attempted to get the attention of a person far away.But he also used it to send messages in code.5.At night, Indians used fire arrows for signaling.

Now you can see that Indians didn’t need to learn each other’s language.They could talk to one another by using signals or sign language.

A. This meant that there was danger.

B. He might use a blanket.

C. Different things mean different to them.

D. One way was by sign language ; the other way by signals.

E.An Indian could send many different signals with his blanket.

F.But they still can make themselves understooD.

G.Of course, mirrors could be used only when the sun was shining.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。

UGG boots have been a winter-weather fashion for several years now, combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style. What many UGG-enthusiasts don’t know is that their boots are a breeding ground for bacteria and cause foot problems.

Doctors believe the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees.

Dr. Ian Drysdale, head of the British College of Osteopathic Medicine, believes because the foot does not get the proper support on the inside, it will lead to more ankle, knee, hip and back problems. “These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesn’t mean it’s good or right, ” he said, “The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported. It’s a slipper. You wouldn’t normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something that’s indoor. If you decide to wear your pajamas outside all the time, someone will come up and say it’s not a good idea.” Dr. Drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young teenage girls, whose bones are “plastic” and developing when they are growing. “Iw”

Mike O’Neill, a consultant surgeon, said, “As the foot slides around, you get wear and tear (磨损)on the joints on the inside of the foot The ankle is in the wrong position, the thigh bone also changes position, and you get an abnormal movement in the pelvis, which leads to back problems. ”

UGG Australia, who makes the designer version of the boots, told The Daily Mirror that their boots are “comfort” rather than “performance” footwear and consumers should be aware of “knockoffs”(仿制品) which lack reinforced heels in their boots.

1.Teenage girls prefer to wear UGG boots because of the following except______

A. design B. comfort C. quality D. warmth

2.According to Dr. Ian Drysdale, _____

A. there is a possibility that bacteria will multiply in UGG boots

B. wearing UGG boots will lead to more ankle and toe problems

C. it’s not a good idea to wear boots like UGG outside all the time

D. teenage girl’s bones are plastic enough to wear UGG boots

3.The underlined word “deformed” is closest in meaning to_____

A. shaped B. strengthened C. reformed D. damaged

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Potential Harm of UGG Boots

B. The Popularity of UGG Boots

C. The Unique Design of UGG Boots

D. Benefits of UGG Boots

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