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   In cities across the US,police dogs have usually been those trained in Europe,at a cost of tens of thousands of dollars for police departments. But now police can get the same work done for next to nothing by simply turning to the countless future K9s in US shelters. “All they need is a chance to prove themselves and these dogs will work as hard as dogs that we bring in from overseas ,” said Croft,the founder of Universal K9.

   Croft has rescued 60 dogs so far from shelters across the South. The organization has trained the dogs in drug and explosive detection,scent tracking (跟踪气味) and other work. Once they’re fully trained,the dogs are then delivered to local police departments for free. “Right now,we’re on track to save almost 100 dogs this year,” Croft said.

   Universal K9 currently has 15 dogs in its eight-week class. Sadie,a 5-month-old dog,is the class’ —star student. She was picked up off the street by animal control workers. uI found Sadie on the side of the road one day/' said Centeno;an animal control worker in Texas. /'She was just so playful. She had a lot of energy."

   And the dogs aren‘t just joining police departments; they re also becoming members of police families. Cpl. Wesley Keeling,an officer,said he was unwilling to take on K9 partner Remi,a graduate of Universal K9,at the beginning,but quickly he began to love her. They’ve now been together for 2. 5 months. Keeling said Remi was responsible for searching cars and buildings for (麻醉剂) as well as tracking people who may escape or who may go missing. “Remi is a saved dog ,” Keeling said. “She's proud of herself,I'm proud of her. I can't say enough about her. I really can't.”

9. Compared with dogs from Universal K9,traditionally trained police dogs .

   A. are cleverer

   B. can do more tasks 

    C. cost more money

   D. are trained in the US

10. Universal K9 is founded to .

   A. reduce social crimes

   B. make money by training dogs 

    C. save and train homeless dogs   

    D. call on people to care for dogs

11. What do we know about Sadie?

   A. She is a quiet dog.

   B. She is popular in the class.

    C. She was found two months ago.

   D. She is good at smelling danger.

12. The best title for the text would be .

   A. Dogs,human's close friends

   B. The importance of police dogs 

    C. The roles dogs play nowadays

   D. Dogs get a second chance and duty

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             B ★★★★☆ !

    It is 7 am and the alarm is going off. You know you have to get out of bed to catch the school bus. But the strong wish to bury yourself in the bed is ever so strong. Does it sound familiar?

    During adolescence(青春期) ,the body goes through many changes including changes in sleep patterns. Researchers have found that though : adolescents need as much as 9.5 hours of sleep a day they go to bed later and later with each passing year.

    In fact,the sleep cycle shifts later by as much as : 12 to 18 minutes each year between the ages of 10 and 20!So by the time a 10-year-old who sleeps at 8 pm ' grows to be 17 or 18,his body naturally wants to stay up till 10:30 or 11 pm.

    According to researchers,this is because of a hormone called melatonin(褪黑素) that is produced by the pineal gland — a tiny structure deep inside the brain. Melatonin controls a body's natural d?y-night patterns. It causes a person tò become sleepy by lowering his body's (体核温度) .It is produced much later in the evening and continues to increase throughout the night. This makes it difficult for teens to fall asleep earlier as they did in their younger years.

    Sleep is food for the brain. During sleep,important bodily functions and brain activities happen. Not sleeping can be harmful and even deadly 一 especially for those 'who drive. A slow brain makes it difficult to concentrafe. and can affect grades at school.

    The American Association of Pediatrics (AAP) suggests that letting teens sleep in during school days can lead to overall b?peí?ts for them,since children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are more likely to suffer from anxiety,have traffic accidents and perform poorly at schools. In fact,AAP advises that middle and high schools should start later 一 not before 8:30 am. But a later Start time means a later end time too. Will that affect after-school activities?

5. Researchers have found that teens .

   A. should go to bed at 10:00 or 11 pm

   B. will fall asleep later as they grow older 

    C. are unwilling to take the school bus

   D. should sleep more than 9;5 hours one day

6. According to Paragraph 4 ,what causes some teens to be sleepy?

   A. Melatonin. 

    B. After-school activities,

    C. Sleep patterns. 

    D. The core temperature.

7. The AAP believes that .

   A. teens,health is threatened by lack of activities

   B. scho?ls should end earlier than before

    C. lack of sleep affects teens’after-school  activities   

    D. schools should put off their start time

8. The text is mainly concerned with

   A. sleep hours and teenagers' brain

   B. sleep hours and class behavior

    C. effective ways to improve teens’ sleep

   D. a comparison of sleeping more and sleeping less

  Nomads (游牧民族) who live in .the Sa?iara Desert of North Africa rely on a most unique animal for transportation — the (单峰骆驼) .Because it is necessary for desert travel,the dromedary is sometimes called the "ship of the desert ”

  Several (因素) make the dromedary suitable for long desert trips. It can go for long periods 3 GUut food. ?he (驼峰) on a camel's back serves as its food reserve. When it has little to eat,It changes the fat from its hump into energy. The earner’s  hump can weigh up to 80 pounds or more. When the animal has to depend on its reservoir of fat,the hump becomes much smaller. Thus,it is easy to recognize a wcll-fcd camel by the size of Its hump.

  Many people believe that camels store water 1?1 their humps. This is not true. Their ability to go for days without drinking is because of other factors. First,camels are able to drink large quantities of water at one time. Some have been known to drink 53 gallons in one day. Second,the camel sweats very little  and can staAd great body temperatures. As a result,it keeps most of the water it drinks and can travel severaUiundred miles without stopping to drink.

  Other physical characteristics enable the camel to stand unpleasant desert conditions. It can completely :close its nose,thus protecting it from sandstorms. Its;eyes are protected from sand and sun by overhanging lids(眼皮) and long toAes (睫毛) ,and its broad feet keep it from sinking into the soft sand. No other :animal is better equipped for life in the desert than the camel. In fact,camels serve the nomadic peoples of North Africa in many ways.

5. What's the main idea of the text?

   A. The dromedary is the most valuable animal.

   B. The dromedary is well protected by nomads,

    C. The dromedary is best equipped for desert life.

   D. The dromedary's hump is of great importance.

6. According to the text, ? iomedaiy’ s  hump.

   A. can weigh up to 80 kilograms

   B. is usually large when it is well-fed

    C. makes it easier to ride on than other animals   

    D. can absorb the fat from other parts of its body 

7. The dromedary can go for days without drinking  partly because.

   A. its hump can store water

   B. its body temperature is low

    C. it never sweats during desert trips   

    D. it drinks large amounts of water at a time

8. What may be talked about following the last paragraph?

   A. Nomads’ lifestyle.

   B. The dromedary's living habits.

    C. The important roles the dromedary plays in nomads’ life.

   D. The differences between the dromedary and other camels.

   The grizzly bear is found in rocky mountains and remote forests of North America. Grizzly bears are geiierally larger and more heavily b?i?t than other bears. Compared with black bears,they have a unique (隆肉) on their shoulders and longer claws (脚 爪) .The claws are better suited to digging rather than tree climbing. Grizzlies also have very thick fur that keeps them warm in terrible and snowy winters,and that is usually dark brown in color. The name “grizzly” comes from the gray-tipped hairs these bears get as they grow older.

   The average male grizzly bear weighs between 400 and 600 pounds (180 to 270 kg) . In spite of its huge size,the grizzly can move at a speed of up to 35 miles per hour (56 kilometers per hour) over short distances. Like all bears,it is a good swimmer. 

   Grizzly bears sleep through the winter,and need to eat a lot in the summer and fall in order to build up enough fat reserves to survive the winter period.Ninety percent of the grizzly's diet consists of;vegetation such as roots,pine nuts,mushrooms and :berries. It also feeds on mammals,fish and honey.However,though they have obvious physical :advantages,grizzly bears rarely view humans as prey (猎物) .Even so,they can be aggressive to humans if :disturbed. For this reason,campers are warned to :hang food at a height beyond the bears’ reach to avoid attracting them.

5. What is said about older grizzly bears?

   A. They sleep longer.

   B. Their fur gets thicker.

    C. Their hairs change color.

   D. They become more aggressive.

6. How are grizzly bear^nd black bears alike?

   A. They are good climbers.

   B. They are able to swim well,

    C. They are very similar in size.

   D. They have a hump on their backs.

7. According to the text,what does the grizzly bear mainly feed on?

   A. Fish.       B. Honey,

    C. Mammals.     D. Plants.

8. According to the text,what are campers advised to do?

   A. Avoid feeding the bears.

   B. Stay out of sight of the bears.

   C. Keep the campsite clear and clean.

   D. Place food out of the reach of bears.

How to write a short story in a day

June 25,2016 from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm London,United Kingdom

Ticket information

Ticket type

Sales end

Price

How to write

£249.00

a short story

Jun 25,2016

(Including lunch

in a day

and drinks)

Event details 

Write your own story//ww scrí?c/i (从零开始) here with Alba Arikha 

Imagine you could write a great short story? Give it a try at this unique Masterclass with author Alba Arikha. In the space of just one day,you* 11 learn how to find your voice,develop your writing skills and make up a storyline. Then,you’ 11 write your own short story from scratch. .

During this highly interactive (互动的) course,you’ 11 take part in practical exercises and writing,enabling you to develop your skills and build your confidence. Along the way,you* 11 receive help,from making up a storyline to developing characters. Plus,you, 11 have the opportunity to receive feedback (反馈) on your work. By the end of the day,you’ 11 have finished writing a story of at least 500 words in length and have the skills and confidence to continue your writing journey after the class.

Content

  . The key parts of a great short story

  . Writing techniques that can be put into practice immediately

  . How to find your voice as a writer

  . Creating a storyline from scratch

  . Character development

  . Choosing th? point of view that's right for your story 

  . Examples of great short stories

  . Write your own short story during the class 

Course preparation 

Attendees are encouraged to bring in a short' story of their own to be discussed in class.

Tutor profile 

Alba Arikha is an author whose works include Walking on Ice and Muse. Alba is also a highly experienced creative writing teacher,and has written for various publications including The New Republic and Tatler. Find out more on her website.

If you have any questions about the Guardian Masterclass program,please contact US by email at masterclasses@theguardian.com,or by telephone on 0800 088 2586.

13. What can we leam about the “How to write a short story in a day”?

   A. It costs you about $250.

   B. It is hosted by Alba Arikha. 

   C. It lasts about four hours.

   D. It sells its last ticket on June25

14. During the course,you will .

   A. read Alba Arikha’ s books

   B. interact with Alba Arikha

   C. write a story about Alba Arikha   

   D. comment on other learnersJ stories

15. What should you bring in order to attend the course?

A delicious lunch. B. A story of your own. 

   C. Alba Arikha's books. D. Drinks for breaks.

16. If you want to know more about Alba Arikha,you can .

A. read hqr works,        B. send her an email 

C. give her a phone call   D. look through her,website

    The U.S. high school rate (辍学率) has fallen in recent years,with the number of dropouts decreased from 1 million in 2008 to about 750,000 in 2012,according to a study. The number of dropout factories”,high schools in which fewer than 60% of freshmen graduate in four years,decreased greatly during the same period.

   “Clear progress is being made,” said Bob Wise,a former West Virginia governor. “it's not a total success yet. So we shou?dn’ t,take a victory iap. But we can at least st?rt warming up."

    Education Secretary Ame Duncan has said the improving graduation rate serves as evidence that the nation's public schools are making progress. But there* re many reasons that graduation rates can rise. And not all of the reasons have to do with stronger schools preparing more students for life after high school.

    Alabama,for example,made great progress in 2014. Its graduation rate jumped more than six percentage points,the second-biggest increase in the nation. But the increase agreed with a policy change that took in the same year: Alabama students no longer had to pass ? high school exit exam to earn a diploma  (毕业文凭) .

   It also isn’ t  clear how many students are graduating with the skills they need for the workplace or for college. Graduation requirements vary widely across states,and many states offer different levels of diplomas with different requirements.

    Arizona students can earn a standard diploma that requires four courses in math,four in English and three in science. But they also can earn a “Grand Canyon” diploma,which requires just two courses each in math,science and English — less than many colleges’ requ?ement for admission.

9. The good news about a newly released study is that

A.there’ re few dropouts in u.s. high schools   

B. the U.S. high school dropout rate has fallen 

C. the number of “dropout factories” has increased   

D. the number of high school students is increasing

10. The underlined phrase “take a victory lap” in Paragraph 2 means .

A. lose confidence

B. stop working

C. become too excited  

D. get embarrassed

11. Why does the author mention Alabama?

A. fo prove Alabama's education develops very fast.

B. To show graduation rate doesn't mean everything.

C. To advise students to try to get different diplomas.

D. To warn the U.S. education is not successful.

12. What do we know about the “Grand Canyon”

diploma in Arizona? 一

A. Students need to put more efforts into it.

B. It's much required for colleges in Arizona.

C. Students who get it won’t necessarily be admitted by colleges.

D. It's more difficult to get than a standard diploma.

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