题目内容

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

In much of Asia, especially the so-called ＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 1. Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 2. (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3. (create) special designs.

The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4. (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 5. the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.

Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 6. (gradual) turned into chopsticks.

Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7. lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8. (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 9. (be) too violent for use at the table.

Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 10. their hands.

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完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I wouldn't have picked up that dusty card without seeing those big words: DON'T FORGET. I was _________ . Don't forget what? Under the words were three numbered items. l. Snow peas. 2. Shakespeare. 3. Sadira Kirmani. What was my name doing on someone's list?

Yesterday was my first day here. Since our teacher Mrs. Allison_________ me, nobody except the boy with _________ spoke to me and asked if he could have my cake at lunch. I tried to _________attention to the lessons, but my mind went blank. Snow peas, Shakespeare, and me? “Sadira.” I _________when Mrs. Allison called my name. “It's time to line up for _________.” As I moved through the line, I heard a girl with braces（背带） ask, “What's that?”, _________ at a pan. “Snow peas,” the lady answered. “I'll try some snow peas,” the boy behind me _________ . Snow peas! Number l on the list.

After lunch, Mrs. Allison _________ that it was “poem time.” The boy who'd asked for snow peas stood up. “OK, Wyatt.” Mrs. Allison nodded. “To be or not to be…” Wyatt began. When he _________, Mrs. Allison added, “Shakespeare wrote sonnets(十四行诗), a special kind of _________ .” Shakespeare? Number 2 on the list. I started to feel upset, _________ what would happen next.

After school, I sat alone on the bus. It was quite a while before I _________Wyatt. He smiled in a _________way, saying “I wanted to talk to you. I almost forgot.” “Forgot what'?” “You're Number 3 on my list.” So now I _________what was going on. “My mom's _________ . I'm supposed to try three new things every day.” continued Wyatt.

That night, I made my own_________ . l. Try the spinach quiche. 2. Offer my _________to the boy with glasses. 3. Say _________ to the girl with braces. Then I smiled before adding one more _________ : Thank Wyatt.

1.A. terrified B. curious C. grateful D. pleased

2.A. introduced B. encouraged C. helped D. spied

3.A. rags B. glasses C. pearl D. baggage

4.A. bring B. carry C. rely D. pay

5.A. shouted B. wandered C. jumped D. stared

6.A. class B. quiz C. lunch D. scenery

7.A. glaring B. pointing C. cheering D. mixing

8.A. worked out B. blocked out C. put out D. shouted out

9.A. confirmed B. announced C. chatted D. sought

10.A. finished B. managed C. crashed D. floated

11.A. phrase B. passage C. poem D. novel

12.A. expecting B. wondering C. screaming D. existing

13.A. crashed B. bowed C. apologized D. spotted

14.A. friendly B. amazed C. exhausted D. rude

15.A. brought up B. watch out C. found out D. caught sight of

16.A. idea B. tradition C. fault D. religion

17.A. cake B. scene C. poem D. list

18.A. card B. peas C. dessert D. buffet

19.A. thanks B. sorry C. goodbye D. hello

20.A. topic B. person C. item D. system

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Testing the five-second rule

You may have seen a friend drop food on the floor, pick it up, and eat it, while declaring, “Five-second rule! ” It’s said that food dropped on the floor for five seconds or less is still likely to be clean. 1. .

Students at Britain’s Aston University, led by microbiology professor Anthony Hilton, tested the rule and found it to have some scientific basis. The study’s results show that food dropped for five seconds is less likely to contain bacteria than if it sits there for longer, according to Hilton.

The students also found that the type of flooring where the dropped food lands has an effect. 2. Bacteria are most likely to transfer from tiled (铺瓷砖的) surfaces to moist food when the food has stood there for more than five seconds.

3. Therefore, consumers should still be cautious. “However, the findings of this study will bring some light relief to those who have been employing the five-second rule for years, despite a general consensus that it is purely a myth,” professor Hilton said in a statement.

The research team at Aston also surveyed 500 people to find out who employs the five-second rule. Of the people surveyed, 87% said they would eat food dropped on the floor, or have done so in the past. 4. “Our study showed people are also more likely to follow the five-second rule, which our research has shown to be much more than an old wives’ tale,” Hilton says.

Still, scientists say you should be careful about eating food dropped on the floor, especially if you have doubts about the cleanliness of the surface. 5.

A. But is that true?

B. Carpeted surfaces posed the lowest risk.

C. Of those people, the majority were women.

D. We’ve just lost our last excuse to eat food off the floor.

E. Usually people recover from the infection in five to ten days.

F. There is still a risk of infection if certain bacteria are present on the dropped surface.

G. A biologist points out that one in six Americans get sick from food poisoning every year.

The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.

A. rewarded B. were rewarded

C. will reward D. will be rewarded

—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?

—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.

A. waited B. wait

C. would be waiting D. have been waiting

On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Slide cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.

＂Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?＂ the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. ＂I’m from Mississippi too.＂

Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.

＂They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,＂ Welty said. ＂I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.＂

Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).

＂My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’＂ Welty added. ＂And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’＂

Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.

＂I don’t make them up,＂ she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. ＂I don’t have to.＂

Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.

1.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?

A. Two strangers joined her．

B. Her childhood friends came in

C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner．

D. Some people held a party there.

2.The underlined word ＂them＂ in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s _______.

A. readers B. parties

C. friends D. stories

3. What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?

A. They live in big cities.

B. They are mostly women.

C. They come from real life.

D. They are pleasure seekers.

A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.

Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.

The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.

As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.

1.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?

A. They were made last week.

B. They showed undersea sceneries.

C. They were found by a cameraman.

D. They recorded a disastrous adventure.

2.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?

A. Frank Hurley.

B. Ernest Shackleton.

C. Robert Falcon Scott.

D. Caroline Alexander.

3.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?

A. Artistic creation.

B. Scientific research.

C. Money making.

D. Treasure hunting.

Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food.

In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random—he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.

Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate a achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.

The cure of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a ＂we＂, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.

1. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?

A. Chimps seldom care about others’ interests.

B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.

C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food.

D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.

2. Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they _________.

A. have the instinct to help others

B. know how to offer help to adults

C. know the world better than chimps

D. trust adults with their hands full

3.The passage is mainly about _________.

A. the helping behaviors of young children

B. ways to train children’s shared intentionality

C. cooperation as a distinctive human nature

D. the development of intelligence in children

It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your _________.

A. condition B. income

C. credit D. status

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