阅读理解

  Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount(数量) of listening they need before they start speaking, and children who start speaking late are often long listeners. Most children will “obey”(服从) spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” can hardly describe the cooperation(合作) shown by the children. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gestures(手势) and by making noises.

  It is agreed that babies enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two special noises are used by them to show their happiness, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these cannot be said to be a kind of communication, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. From about three months old they play with sounds for enjoyment, and by six months they are able to add new sounds to their store. This self-imitation(自我模仿) leads to deliberate(有意的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises is that can these imitations be considered as speech?

  It is a problem we need not get our teeth into(全身心地做……). The meaning of a word depends on what a special person means by it in a special situation, and what a child means by a word will change as he gets more experience of the world.

  Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I wonder, however, whether anything is gained when parents try to use this ability to teach new sounds.

1.Before children start speaking, ________.

[  ]

A.they need equal amounts of listening

B.they need different amounts of listening

C.they can all cooperate with the adults(成年人) by obeying spoken instructions

D.they can't understand and obey the adults' spoken instructions

2.Children who start speaking late ________.

[  ]

A.may have problems with their hearing

B.probably do not hear enough language spoken around them

C.usually pay close attention to what they hear

D.often take a long time in leaning to listen properly

3.The problem that a baby's imitations can be considered as speech ________.

[  ]

A.is important because words have different meanings for different people

B.is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually

C.is one that can never be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age

D.is one that should be completely ignored because children's use of words is often meaningless

4.Baby's first noises are ________.

[  ]

A.a reflection(映射) of his moods(情绪) and feelings

B.an early form of language

C.a sign that he means to tell you something

D.an imitation of the speech of adults

5.From the last paragraph we know that ________.

[  ]

A.parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds

B.children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak for themselves

C.children who are good at imitating learn new sounds more quickly

D.even after they have learnt to speak children still enjoy imitating

The job of raising children is a tough one. Children don’t come with an instruction manual(说明书). And each child is 36 . So parents sometimes pull their hair out in frustration(挫折), not  37

what to do. But in raising children—as in all of life—what we do is  38  by our culture. Naturally then, American parents teach their children basic American  39 . To Americans, the goal of parents is to help children   40  on their own two feet. From  41  each child may get his or her own room. As children grow, they get more  42  to make their own choices.  43  choose their own forms of entertainment, as well as the friends to  44  them with. When they  45  young adulthood, they choose their own jobs and marriage  46  . Of course, many young adults still  47

their parents’ advice and approval for the choices they make. But once they “leave the  48  ” at around 18 to 21 years old, they want to be on their own , not  49  to their mother’s apron strings (围裙带). The relationship between parents and children in America is very informal. American parents try to  50  their children as individuals—not as extensions of themselves. They allow them to achieve their own   51  . Americans praise and encourage their children to give them the  52  

to succeed. When children become adults, their relationship with their parents becomes more like a (an)  53  among equals.  But  54  to popular belief, most adult Americans don’t make their parents pay for room and board when they come to  55  . Even as adult, they respect and honor their parents.

A. strange           B. different             C. new                 D. unlike

A. noticing         B. remember                    C. knowing            D. deciding

A. influenced          B. made             C. controlled             D. changed

A. services         B. standards                  C. rules                D. values

A. sit                    B. get                C. stand                     D. rise

A. adulthood            B. girlhood                C. boyhood                D. childhood

A. freedom              B. space                 C. time                     D. money

A. Adults          B. Teenagers               C. Americans                     D. Parents

A. help               B. join              C. share                   D. provide

A. gain               B. pass                 C. become                D. reach

A. wives              B. partners            C. husbands               D. couples

A. seek                 B. invite               C. try                    D. choose

A. room               B. house               C. nest                   D. place

A. connected           B. held                 C. stuck                D. tied

A. serve                 B. treat                C. describe                     D. recognize

A. jobs                B. plans             C. dreams                D. hopes

A. dependence          B. trust              C. belief                  D. confidence

A. friendship            B. companion         C. membership         D. association

A. known             B. similar            C. contrary            D. due

A. travel             B. visit              C. see               D. live


第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a teenager, I didn’t get along well with my mother before . She 31 every aspect of my life, leaving me unable to have my 32 space.
About two years ago, I had a 33 with her . I just couldn’t control my bad temper that day . I said something  34  to mum . Mum was hurt, but she went away without saying anything .
When I was  35  at home, I started to recall the happy time we spent together and realized that I should 36  .But when I saw mum, the  37  moments pushed all the thoughts of saying sorry out of my head. I came back to my bedroom, feeling distracted (心烦意乱). That night I didn’t   38 well.
The next day, I got up earlier than usual. And I 39  a letter beside my bed. It was mum! In this letter, mum   40 how she loved me and how she worried about me . The 41  of mum’s love raced through my mind when I read it . I couldn’t help crying. I went out of bedroom and saw mum standing there   42 me.
“I am sorry, mum . Please 43 me !” I said with a guilty conscience(愧疚感) . Then I saw tears of 44 coming into mum’s eyes. We embraced(拥抱) emotionally. That moment was totally in my 45 forever.
From then on,   46 there is argument between us ,we will write our feelings and thoughts to each other. Then we can 47 and soon get along well.
By telling my story, I just want  48 people to know that if you have problems with your parents try to find the  49  . Never think that you have nothing to talk with them.They are the persons who always love you and stand  50  you! Maybe they’ve hurt you before , probably just because they didn’t know how to express love.
31. A. took notice of     B. took care of      C. took hold of      D. took the place of
32. A. private        B. wide   C. empty D. quiet
33. A. talk      B. conflict      C. instruction  D. decision
34. A. cheerful       B. wonderful  C. helpful       D. hurtful
35. A. asleep   B. sleepy C. alone  D. lonely
36. A. complain     B. tolerate      C. change       D. apologize
37. A. unhappy      B. uncertain    C. unfriendly  D. unfamiliar
38. A. eat       B. feel     C. sleep   D. live
39. A. wrote   B. found  C. accepted    D. read
40. A. implied B. explained   C. declared     D. promised
41. A. words   B. stories C. records       D. details
42. A. pointing at   B. staring at   C. waiting for D. looking for
43. A. forgive B. accept       C. forget D. punish
44. A. happiness     B. regret  C. sadness       D. shame
45. A. diary   B. memory    C. imagination       D. life
46. A. because       B. unless C. if       D. although
47. A. understand   B. play   C. think D. relax
48. A. unkind  B. impatient    C. adult D. young
49. A. answers       B. difficulties  C. solutions    D. suggestions
50. A. for      B. by      C. in      D. against

Sometimes children do not do what their parents tell them to do. When this happens, a parent tries to help the child to do the right thing. When this does not work, the parent usually punishes the child.
There are many things that a parent can do. One thing that people have done is to spank (打屁股) the child. When a parent spanks a child, they will use their hand or a hard object to strike them on their bottom. This is meant to show the child that they have done something wrong.
One parent remembers being spanked when he was a child. His parents used a wooden spoon. When he spanked his own children with his hand, he saw that he put a red mark on his child’s leg. He never did that again.
One problem with spanking is that it teaches the child to hit someone when they do not like what the other person is doing. Another problem with spanking is that the parent is usually angry and can hit the child too hard. Sometimes parents will use spanking for everything and not try other ways to get the child to do the right thing.
Many parents are not sure of what to do instead of spanking. Some people think that their religion tells them that spanking is okay. Some think that the law lets them do it. The courts (法院) say that parents have the right to teach their children how to behave.
Other things should be tried before a parent decides to spank a child. Telling the child exactly what is wanted from them can be one thing. Giving a child more than one choice is another thing that can be tried. Getting down to the child’s level and taking a more child-friendly approach (方法) can help as well.
【小题1】According to the passage, when children do something wrong, one thing that parents usually do to punish them is to ________.

A.strike them on the bottomB.try to help them do the right thing
C.teach them what to doD.take them to court
【小题2】 Which of the following is NOT the problem caused by spanking?
A.It teaches the child to hit others when they offend(使人不快) him or her.
B.The parent may get angry and hit the child too hard.
C.Sometimes parents may use spanking for everything.
D.It makes parents try other ways to make the child do right.
【小题3】Which of the following can best describe the writer’s attitude towards spanking?
A.favorableB.indifferentC.interestedD.unfavorable
【小题4】From this passage, we can conclude that ________.
A.Good children always do the right thing.
B.Parents should try their best to avoid spanking their children.
C.Parents have no choice but to spank their children when they do something wrong.
D.Children can have more than one choice to avoid being spanked.

第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

As a teenager, I didn’t get along well with my mother before . She 31 every aspect of my life, leaving me unable to have my 32 space.

About two years ago, I had a 33 with her . I just couldn’t control my bad temper that day . I said something  34  to mum . Mum was hurt, but she went away without saying anything .

When I was  35  at home, I started to recall the happy time we spent together and realized that I should 36  .But when I saw mum, the  37  moments pushed all the thoughts of saying sorry out of my head. I came back to my bedroom, feeling distracted (心烦意乱). That night I didn’t   38 well.

The next day, I got up earlier than usual. And I 39  a letter beside my bed. It was mum! In this letter, mum   40 how she loved me and how she worried about me . The 41  of mum’s love raced through my mind when I read it . I couldn’t help crying. I went out of bedroom and saw mum standing there   42 me.

“I am sorry, mum . Please 43 me !” I said with a guilty conscience(愧疚感) . Then I saw tears of 44 coming into mum’s eyes. We embraced(拥抱) emotionally. That moment was totally in my 45 forever.

From then on,   46 there is argument between us ,we will write our feelings and thoughts to each other. Then we can 47 and soon get along well.

By telling my story, I just want  48 people to know that if you have problems with your parents try to find the  49  . Never think that you have nothing to talk with them.They are the persons who always love you and stand  50  you! Maybe they’ve hurt you before , probably just because they didn’t know how to express love.

31. A. took notice of     B. took care of      C. took hold of      D. took the place of

32. A. private        B. wide   C. empty D. quiet

33. A. talk      B. conflict      C. instruction  D. decision

34. A. cheerful       B. wonderful  C. helpful       D. hurtful

35. A. asleep   B. sleepy C. alone  D. lonely

36. A. complain     B. tolerate      C. change       D. apologize

37. A. unhappy      B. uncertain    C. unfriendly  D. unfamiliar

38. A. eat       B. feel     C. sleep   D. live

39. A. wrote   B. found  C. accepted    D. read

40. A. implied B. explained   C. declared     D. promised

41. A. words   B. stories C. records       D. details

42. A. pointing at   B. staring at   C. waiting for D. looking for

43. A. forgive B. accept       C. forget D. punish

44. A. happiness     B. regret  C. sadness       D. shame

45. A. diary   B. memory    C. imagination       D. life

46. A. because       B. unless C. if       D. although

47. A. understand   B. play   C. think D. relax

48. A. unkind  B. impatient    C. adult D. young

49. A. answers       B. difficulties  C. solutions    D. suggestions

50. A. for      B. by      C. in      D. against

 

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