Film cameras and digital cameras work in a similar way．
Film cameras
After all, a film camera is basically a light－proof(不透光的)box．It has a lens(镜头)system to focus light onto the film at the back of the camera．
Let’s suppose that we are outside on a beautiful summer day trying to take a picture of the family dog．We are using a film camera．We finally get the dog to lie still．You point the camera at him．What happens?Light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter．In other words, nothing happens yet．Now let’s say that the dog looks really cute and you decide to snap a picture．What happens?When you press the button, the shutter opens for a very short period of time．A small amount of light passes through and hits the film at the back of the camera．This creates an upside-down and reversed(反向的)image on the film．
When you finish the roll of the film, you can take it to the photo shop to develop it and you will have a great picture of your dog!
Cameras come with different lens lengths．Why does it matter?Many small cameras have shorter focal lengths, which means that there is a small distance between the lens and the place where the light focuses at the back of the camera．This gives you a large view of the area you are taking a picture of．Lenses with a long focal length show a smaller area but allow you to focus on distant objects and make them bigger．They are often called telephoto lenses．A good example of a long focus lens is one that is used by sports photographers to get photos of football players as if they were standing right beside them．
Digital cameras
In digital cameras, the light falls not on film but onto a sensor(传感器)called a CCD(Charge Coupled Device)．This digitally converts(转变)light and color into a digital information or pixels(象素)．The CCD is the heart of any digital camera and usually the most expensive part－depending on how good it is．
(1)
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
[ ]
A．
Both digital and film cameras focus light onto the film．
B．
All cameras have a sensor．
C．
Digital cameras and film cameras have something in common．
D．
Small cameras usually have longer focal lengths．
(2)
In the“Film cameras”part, you fail to take the picture of the dog because ________．
[ ]
A．
light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter
B．
you haven’t aimed the camera at the dog
C．
the image of the dog is not created
D．
the sensor fails to convert light and color into a digital information
(3)
The main reason that sports photographers can get clear and big photos of players is that ________．
[ ]
A．
they use digital cameras
B．
the lens of their cameras is excellent
C．
their focus lenses are short
D．
their focus lenses are long
(4)
Generally speaking, a digital camera’s price is ________．
The famous director of a big and expensive movie planned to film a beautiful sunset over the ocean(海洋)so that the audiences(or people who watch the film)could see his hero and heroine in front of it at the end of the film as they said goodbye to each other for ever．He sent his camera crew(摄制组)out one evening to film the sunset for him．
The next morning he said to the men, “Have you provided me with that sunset?”
“No, sir．” the men answered．
The director was angry．“Why not?” he asked．
“Well, sir,” one of the men answered．“We’re on the east coast here, and the sun sets in the west．We can get you a sunrise over the sea if necessary, but not a sunset．”
“But I want a sunset!” the director shouted．“Go to the airport, take the next flight to the west coast, and get one．”
But then a young secretary had an idea．“Why don’t you photograph a sunrise,” she suggested, “and then play it backwards?Then it’ll look like a sunset．”
The camera crew went out early the next morning and filmed a bright sunrise over the beach in the middle of a beautiful bay(海湾)．Then at nine o’clock they took it to the director．“Here it is, sir!” they said, and gave it to him．He was very pleased．
They all went into the studio．“All right,” the director explained．“now our hero and heroine are going to say good-bye．Run the film backwards so that we can see the ‘sunset behind them．’”
The “sunset” began, but after a quarter of a minute, the director suddenly put his face in his hands and shouted to the camera crew to stop．
The birds in the film were flying backwards and the waves on the sea were going away from the beach(海滩)．
(1)
One evening, the director sent his camera crew out ________．
[ ]
A．
to watch a beautiful sunset
B．
to find an actor and an actress
C．
to film a scene on the sea
D．
to meet the audience
(2)
Why did the director want to send his crew to the west coast?
[ ]
A．
Because he changed his mind about getting a sunset．
B．
Because he was angry with his crew．
C．
Because it was his secretary’s suggestion．
D．
Because he wanted to get a scene of sunset．
(3)
Which of the following is NOT true?
[ ]
A．
The crew had to follow the secretary’s advice．
B．
If you want to see a sunrise, the east coast is the place to go to．
C．
The camera crew wasn’t able to film the scene the first day．
D．
The director ordered his crew to stop filming the “sunset”．
(4)
The director wanted to film a sunset over the ocean because ________．
[ ]
A．
it went well with the separation of the hero and the heroine
B．
when they arrived at the beach it was already in the evening
C．
it was more moving than a sunrise
D．
the ocean looked more beautiful at sunset
(5)
After the “sunset” began, the director suddenly put his face in his hands ________．
[ ]
A．
because he was moved to tears
B．
as he saw everything in the film moving backwards
C．
as the sunrise did not look as beautiful as he had imagined
D．
because he was disappointed with the performance of the hero and heroine
阅读理解
阅读理解。
Today, ultrasonic(超声的)waves are being put to work in laboratories and factories．If an ultrasound generator is placed in a liquid, the waves move the liquid back and forthhundreds of thousands of times each second．This causes materials to mix quickly or to dissolve(使分解，使溶解)in liquids．Paint manufacturers(制造商)use ultrasound to do a better job of blending colors．The companies that make film for your camera find that mixing chemicals by the use of sound waves will produce a more sensitive film．
The new lightweight(轻量的)type of washing machine uses ultrasonic waves to get clothes clean．Its special ultrasound generator is put into a pail of soapy water containing the soiled clothes．The sound waves drive the soapy water back and forth through the cloth so fast that everything is soon clean．There is also a new kind of dishwasher that works in much the same way．
Ultrasonic waves can shake a liquid so fast that tiny holes form all through it．The liquid is actually torn apart by this action．Almost as soon as these holes are made, they fall together again．The result is a powerful pounding action．In the dairy industry this is used for the double purpose of making homogenized(使均匀，使匀质)milk and sterilizing(使无菌)it at the same time．If you look at some raw milk with a microscope, you find that it is made up of little drops of butter fat floating around in a watery liquid．In order to make milk easier to digest, these fat droplets(微粒)may be broken up by forcing the milk through very small openings．The result is called homogenized milk．When the ultrasonic method is used, the sound waves not only break up the droplets but also kill the germs in the milk by pounding them to pieces．
(1)
Why does a paint manufacturer use ultrasound to do a better job of blending colors?
[ ]
A．
Because it is cheap to use ultrasound to blend colors．
B．
Because the waves move the liquid so quickly that it can make materials mix quickly or dissolve in liquids．
C．
Because they can mix chemicals by the use of sound waves．
D．
Because the waves can clean the paint．
(2)
What properties does ultrasound wave have?
[ ]
A．
Homogenizes and sterilizes the milk．
B．
Mix materials and break droplets．
C．
Kill germs and sterilize milk．
D．
Move liquids quickly．
(3)
What exists in the raw milk?
[ ]
A．
Little drops of butter fat．
B．
Small holes．
C．
Fat droplets and germs．
D．
Chemicals．
(4)
Where is ultrasound wave not used?
[ ]
A．
In the paint manufacture．
B．
In the shop mixing bread flour．
C．
In the film-making company．
D．
In the dairy industry．
阅读理解：
Movies in the theater get their recognition at awards ceremonies, such as the Oscars．But how about movies for phones? They are getting their turn at MoFilm-the first mobile film festival．
The first MoFilm competition received 250 entries from more than 100 countries．Entries were restricted to films that were five minutes or less in length-ideal for viewing and sharing on mobile phones．An independent jury then selected a shortlist of five film-makers．The winner was chosen from the shortlist by an audience voting using their phones．
New Platforms
The awards highlight the increasing impact that mobile phones are making in the entertainment industry．Many grassroots filmmakers start out with short films．They are thwarted by the lack of opportunities to screen their work．Therefore, mobile phones are increasingly being seen as a new platform for these short works．
It is a good place for anyone who wants to express themselves and find a way to have that expression be seen by a wide audience．Just think about how many people have mobile phones in the world!
New Technology Advances
MoFilm is pioneering content for mobile and online services that is a world away from Hollywood．The majority of films made for mobiles are now short in length, taking into account the screen size．However this could be overcome as technology advances．
In the near future, longer films will likely be seen on the mobile phone．And there are mobile companies creating phones where users can watch movies at higher quality．
Wherever you see movies, one thing is certain：the quality of work, the simple ability at story telling, and the thing that inspires someone to tell a story can really come from anywhere．
(1)
At the first MoFilm,________．
[ ]
A．
movies in the theater got their recognition
B．
more than 100 countries took part in the competition
C．
ideal films were five minutes or less in length
D．
the winner was chosen by experts' voting
(2)
They are thwarted by the lack of opportunities to screen their work．The underlined word means “________ ”．
[ ]
A．
disappointed
B．
surprised
C．
frightened
D．
encouraged
(3)
Nowadays the majority of films made for mobiles are short in length because of ________．
[ ]
A．
online services
B．
the mobile phone
C．
technology advances
D．
the screen size
(4)
What's the best title for the passage?
[ ]
A．
Putting Movies on Mobiles
B．
Introduction of Latest Mobile Phones
C．
Mobile Phones' Ceremonies
D．
Film Awards Broadcast on Mobile Phones
(5)
Which statement is NOT true?
[ ]
A．
MoFilm is not a part of Hollywood．
B．
Mobile phones are considered to be a new platform for short films．
中考解读考点精练系列答案