题目内容

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the learned in the early days of the history, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become popular.

One should be careful, however, of supposing that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction(分散注意力)to others. Examination of reasons connected with the historical development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

The last century saw a gradual increase in literacy(读写能力)and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of listeners dropped, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the popularity of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, trains and offices, where reading aloud would disturb other readers in a way. 

Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its advantages are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.

By the end of the century students were being advised to have some new ideas of books and to use skills in reading them which were not proper, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological developments in the century had greatly changed what the term “reading” referred to.

1.Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?

A. Because silent reading had not been discovered.

B. Because there were few places for private reading.

C. Because few people could read for themselves.

D. Because people depended on reading for enjoyment.

2.The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century showed_______.

A. a change in the position of literate people

B. a change in the nature of reading

C. an increase in the number of books

D. an increase in the average age of readers

3.Educationalists are still arguing about__________.

A. the importance of silent reading

B. the amount of information provided by books and newspapers

C. the effects of reading on health

D. the value of different types of reading material

 

【答案】

 

1.C

2.B

3.D

【解析】

试题分析:本文主要介绍了默读在历史上的发展演变过程,突出了它产生的原因和背景。第一段是总述,指出默读是一种几乎不为古代学者所知的现代行为。中世纪时期阅读是指大声朗读,一直到19世纪默读才比较流行。文中介绍了上个世纪阅读的发展,以及20世纪末期阅读发展成为默读。

1.细节理解题。根据Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the learned in the early days of the history, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud.因为很少的人是为自己而读的,故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.表明了读的一个变化,故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening.不同的阅读材料的价值,故选D。

考点:历史文化类短文阅读。

点评:细节理解题是阅读理解题中必考的一种题型,其解题依据主要在阅读材料中找。笔者发现,这种题型可以用“重现”的方法来解答。所谓“重现”,就是指某一个单词或短语的同义、反义、上下义、同根词或原词在文中重复出现的现象。这种方法常用于解答完形填空,但用来解答阅读理解细节题也同样管用。细节理解题的重现指的是:正确答案选项语句中的单词或短语与阅读材料中的单词或短语构成一种重复出现的关系。

 

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In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched (发起)the "If All of Seattle Read the Same Book " project in 1998. Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to Hongkong.
In Chicago, the mayor(市长)appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the "One Book, One Chicago" program. As a result, reading clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city. Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.
The only problem arose in New York , where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity(一致)can be achieved .Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all their energy
And passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.
Ultimately, as Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process, or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.
【小题1】What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy?

A.To invite authors to guide readers.
B.To encourage people to read and share.
C.To involve people in community service.
D.To promote the friendship between cities.
【小题2】Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?
A.They had little interest in reading.
B.They were too busy to read a book.
C.They came from many different backgrounds
D.T hey lacked support from the local government
【小题3】According to the passage, where would the project be more easily carried out?
A.In large communities with little sense of unity
B.In large cities where libraries are far from home
C.In medium-sized cities with a diverse population
D.In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached
【小题4】 The underlined words “shared a word” in Paragraph 5 probably mean     
A.exchanged ideas with each other
B.discussed the meaning of a word
C.gained life experience
D.used the same language
【小题5】 According to Nancy, the degree of students of the project is judged by________
A.the careful selection of a proper book
B.the growing popularity of the writers
C.the number of people who benefit from reading.
D.the number of books that each person reads.

Lisa Reid lost her sight(视力) because of cancer ten years ago, but a knock on the head has given it back. The 24-year-old lady has    36   part of her sight after being knocked on the head. Eleven days ago, Miss Reid    37   down to kiss her guide dog good night, but accidentally(意外地) hit her head on a coffee table.    38   she woke up the next morning, she could see for the first time in 10 years.

“I could    39   believe it. It’s amazing,” she said. The cancer that stole Miss Reid’s sight was diagnosed(诊断) 13 years ago. Doctors gave her a five percent    40   of survival after discovering she had brain cancer. An operation(手术) to excide the tumor(切除肿瘤) was    41  , but it damaged her eyes and had a bad effect    42   her sight.

Miss Reid was blind at 14, and her eyes were only able to notice    43   and dark.. “I had lost hope and thought that everything was against me,” she said.

Now Miss Reid has recovered 80 percent of the sight in her left eye, but her color vision(色觉) is    44  . The eye expert has no    45   for her recovery because he has never seen a similar case(病例).

After Miss Reid recovered her sight on November 17, she    46   it a secret at the beginning, but later in the day she called her    47   and over the telephone read the health warning on a cigarette package(盒) to her mum. “Lisa    48   me and said‘there’s been a change; listen to this’,” said Louise Reid, Miss Reid’s mother. “Then she started reading to me. I was surprised.” Unsure whether her sight would last(持续), Miss Reid waited    49   the next day before    49   her walking stick and spreading the good news. She couldn’t wait to celebrate it with her family and friends.

1.

A.returned

B.recovered

C.damaged

D.examined

 

2.

A .bent

B. stood

C. lay

D. jumped

3.

A.Before

B.While

C.When

D.Since

4.

A. always

B .almost

C. hardly

D. simply

5.

A .danger

B .chance

C. ability

D. sign

6.

A.wrong

B.successful

C.difficult

D.expensive

7.

A.on

B.up

C.to

D.of

8.

A.light

B.color

C.night

D.white

9.

A.wild

B.weak

C.wrong

D.sick

10.

A.explanation

B.description

C.purpose

D.excuse

11.

A.allowed

B.hid

C.kept

D.protected

12.

A.doctor

B.mother

C.friend

D.boss

13.

A.emailed

B.warned

C.showed

D.rang

14.

A.till

B.on

C.in

D.off

15.

A.throwing away

B.sending away

C.handing out

D.running out

 

 

You can not see any object unless light from that object gets into your eyes. Some of the things you see give off light of their own. The sun, the stars, a lighted lamp are examples that can be seen by their own light. Such things are luminous. Most of the things you see are not giving off light of their own. They are simply reflecting light that falls on them from the sun or some other luminous bodies. The moon, for example, does not give off any light of its own. It is non-luminous. You see it because sunlight falls on it and some of it reflects in our direction. So moon light is only second hand sunlight.

When you look at a book, it sends to your eyes some of the light which falls on it, and you see the book. If light could be kept out from where you are so that there would be no light for the book to reflect, then you could not see the book even with your eyes wide open.

Light travels so fast that the time in which it travels from the book you are reading to your eyes is so short as if there were no time at all. Light reaches us from the moon, which is about 380 000 kilometers away, in only a little more than a second.

1.You can see the book because_______.

A.your eyes are close to it

B.it reflects some of the sunlight

C.it has light of its own

D.your eyesight can get to it

2.The underlined word “luminous” means_______.

A.visible

B.all colors

C.giving off light

D.sunlight

3.________ have light of their own.

A.The sun and the moon

B.The stars and the earth

C.The sun and the stars

D.The moon and the earth

4.Which of the following is true?

A.All the things you can see give off light.

B.Light from the book is much shorter than that from the moon.

C.The moment you open your eyes the light from the book travels to your eyes.

D.Light travels so fast that there is no time for you to read.

 

How to use speed reading to go through newspapers or magazines? 1. You will not only save time, but also your focus will increase and you will have fun reading even the  uninteresting reports.

  2.  This plays to the advantage of the tired reader who wants to stay current but has very little time to read. Often all you need to understand a news piece is the first paragraph. Here the reporter will tell you what’s happening, who it’s happening to and where it’s happening.

Sometimes you don’t even need to read the entire paragraph because the first sentence or the first couple of sentences give you all the information. If you still have more time you can move on to step two.   3.Read the last paragraph. Some news pieces are follow-ups of events that were earlier reported. In such a situation, the first paragraph may not give you all the information you need.  4.  It’s usually in the last paragraph that the user is given the background information that leads to the story.

Read the “quotes” after you’ve read the first and last paragraphs and you still feel you need more information or have more time to play with, you can come into middle of the piece by reading the direct speech of the sources of the news item. In all forms of writing where quotations are used, the writer leads the reader into the quotes and then leads the reader out. This takes too much space and therefore, robs the reader out of some precious time.

   5. 

A. Read the first paragraph.[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K]

B. But the last paragraph will do the job.

C. The first paragraph may be not important at all.

D. Otherwise, you can stop reading.

E. Here are three techniques you can use.

F. So glide directly to the quotation marks and read what’s within them.

G. If you follow these steps, it’ s possible to get about 80 percent of a news piece.

 

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