The 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded jointly to PaulC.Lauterbur(USA)and Peter Mansfielf(UK), for their discoveries concerning”Magnetic resonance imaging(磁共振成像技术)”.Imaging of human internal organs with exact and non-invasive(非侵入人体的)methods is very important for medical diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2003 to Shirin Ebadi(Iran),”for her efforts for democracy and human rights.”She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children.Her principal arena is the struggle for basic human rights, and she believes no society deserves to be labeled civilized unless the rights of women and children are respected.In an era for violence, she has consistently supported nonviolence.It is fundamental to her view that the supreme political power in a community must be built on democratic elections.She favors the methods of dialogue and freeing the public from ignorance as the best path to changing attitudes and resolving conflict.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided that the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, 2003, is to be shared between Robert F.Engle(USA),”for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying changeability, and Clive W.J.Granger(UK),”for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends.”
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2003 jointly to AlexeiA.Abrikosov(USA), Vitaly L.Ginzburg(Russia)and Anthony J.Leggett(USA).The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2003 has been awarded with one half jointly to Peter Agre(USA), and the other half to Roderick Mackinnon(USA).
(1)
PaulC.Lauterber(USA)and Peter Mansfielf’s discoveries may likely deal with the following ________.
[ ]
A.
the skin disease
B.
the mad-cow disease
C.
the lung disease
D.
the common cold
(2)
The Nobel Peace Prize for 2003 was rewarded to Shirin Ebadi, because she made a special contribution to ________.
[ ]
A.
fighting against racism
B.
fighting against the Iranian government
C.
avoiding the Iraqi war
D.
fighting for the basic human rights
(3)
The following Nobel Prizes for 2003 were jointly shared between the two persons EXCEPT in the field of ________.