About 100 years ago, Ira Remsen, the Chairperson of the Chemistry Department at Johns Hopkins University and one of the pioneers of chemical education in America, wrote the following:
While reading a textbook of chemistry, I came upon the statement “nitric acid(硝酸) acts upon copper(铜)．” I was getting tired of reading such absurd stuff and I decided to see what this meant．Copper was more or less familiar to me, for copper cents were then in use．I had seen a bottle marked “nitric acid” on a table in the doctor's office．I did not know its characteristic, but I was getting on and likely to learn．The spirit of adventure was upon me．Having nitric acid and copper, I had only to learn what the words “act upon” meant．Then the statement that nitric acid acts upon copper would be something more than mere words．
All was still．In the interest of knowledge I was even willing to give up one of the few copper cents then in my possession．I put one of them on the table; opened the bottle marked “nitric acid;” poured some of the liquid on the copper; and prepared to make an observation．
Do you know what I saw? The cent has already changed greatly．A greenish-blue liquid foamed(起泡沫)and fumed(冒烟) over the cent and over the table．The air in the neighborhood of the performance became dark red．A great colored cloud arose．How should I stop this? I tried to get rid of the mess by picking it up and throwing it out of the window, which I had opened．I learned another fact －nitric acid not only acts upon copper but it acts upon fingers．The pain led to another experiment．I drew my fingers across my trousers and another fact was discovered．Nitric acid also acts upon trousers．
Ira Remsen also recognized the importance of the laboratory experience in chemistry．However, I was very fortunate that this particular experiment did not have terrible results．Can you suggest some safer approaches to finding out what was the meaning of the words “acts upon”?
(1)
The purpose of this passage is to tell us ________．
[ ]
A．
the safety of a lesson in the chemistry laboratory
B．
the reaction of “nitric acid acts upon copper”
C．
an interesting experience of Ira Remsen
D．
a story about Ira Remsen
(2)
The underlined phrase “act upon” in the second paragraph most probably means ________．
[ ]
A．
affect
B．
react
C．
influence
D．
observe
(3)
Which of the following is NOT true?
[ ]
A．
Nitric acid can act upon copper．
B．
Nitric acid can act upon finger．
C．
Nitric acid can act upon trousers．
D．
The great experiment made big losses．
(4)
According to the text, the correct order is ________．
①Put one cent on the table and pour some of “nitric acid” on the copper．
②Pick the mess up and throw it out of the window．
③The air in the neighborhood of the experiment became dark red and a great colored cloud arose．
④A greenish-blue liquid foamed and fumed over the cent and over the table．
When you donate blood, a small amount is usually taken in advance to test your blood type．If you are O＋, the O is your ABO type and the＋is your Rh type．It is possible to be A,B,AB, or O as well as Rh＋or Rh-．
The ABO system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in the early 1900s．He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his achievements．There are four basic types of blood in the ABO system：A,B,AB and O．Everybody is born with one of these four types of blood．We get blood type, just like hair color and height from parents．Because of the substances(物质)contained in each type, the four groups must be transfused carefully．If two different blood types are mixed together, it may put a person into an extremely dangerous situation．Basically, A and B cannot be mixed．A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B．In an emergency, type O blood can be given because it is most likely to be accepted by all blood types，so it is often called the universal donor．However，there is still a risk．For the opposite reason，AB is sometimes called the universal receiver．However，because there can be so many reactions in transfusions，patients usually receive only salt until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible in the blood bank of the hospital．
There is a relationship between your blood type and your nationality．Among the Europeans, about 45 percent have type O while 42 percent have type A．The rarest is type AB．Other races have different percentage．For example, some American Indian groups have nearly 100 percent type out of 100 donors in the world．
(1)
Which of the following shown the correct relationships in blood transfusions?
[ ]
A．
B．
C．
D．
(2)
The underlined word “transfuse” most probably means ________．
[ ]
A．
to put the blood into a container
B．
to move the blood from one place to another
C．
to put the blood of one person into the body of another
D．
to give power to another person
(3)
The text mainly tells us ________．
[ ]
A．
about the basic types of human blood
B．
what kind of blood is the most common
C．
about Karl Landsteiner who won the Nobel Prize
D．
the relationship between blood type and nationality
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