One reason Americans eat so many calories is that we tend to eat large portions(分量). Studies find that hamburgers and fries are generally offered in serving sizes two to five times larger than the appropriate meal size. Researchers find we usually clean our plates no matter how high they're piled, even if we already feel satisfied. See the suggestions below to further master the fine art of sizing up(估量) your snacks and suppers.

Extremely large portions are one possible reason Americans continue getting fatter even as the percentage of our total calories from fat has gone down in recent years. Fortunately, portions are relatively simple to control because it's easier to count cookies than calories or grams of fat.

Pre-picture portions. Use familiar objects to picture how much you should eat of a food before you pick up your fork or spoon. For example, a half cup of low-fat granola is about the size of your fist. A half cup of low-fat ice cream equals half an orange.

     Use a smaller dish. This tip might sound ridiculous, but it works. First and most obvious is that you can't put as much food on, say, a salad plate. But psychologically, you're just not as prone to eat as heartily and quickly if your plate will be empty in 45 seconds.

     Have raw vegetables at every meal. Raw cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, and peppers have few calories and lots of nutrients. A plate of them in the middle of the table almost always gets eaten up, cutting down appetite for the more calorie-dense meat.

   Start your meal with soup. Studies show that a bowl of soup at the start of the meal reduces overall meal consumption, since they are lowest in calories and highest in nutrients.

   Manage your fork. After every bite of food, put your fork down. Don't pick it up until you have thoroughly chewed and swallowed the previous bite. The goal is both to slow down your eating and to eat less. Remember: Your body needs 20 minutes of digestion before it sends signals to your brain that you are no longer hungry.

Helpful hints on how to get a handle on the how-much factor

Facts

Hamburgers and fries served in restaurants are generally two to five times the______of the proper ones.

Americans usually clean their plates ______high they're piled, even if they are already satisfied

Effects

Americans continue getting fatter even as they have

 eaten______calories from fat in recent years.

______          

a. Use______objects to imagine how much you should eat of a food before a meal.

b. Use a smaller dish and thus eat _____.

c. Have raw vegetables at every meal to cut down ______    for the more calorie-dense meat.

d. Start your meal with ______to reduce meal consumption.

e. Put down your fork at______to make sure your brain receives______that you’re full.


How hard we have all prayed(祈祷) to grow up quickly, and looked forward to the happy days of being a grown-up and enjoying the many interests that a youth should have. ?
At last, you have grown up. At least you are no longer a child. They call you “young lady”. You then enjoy the pleasure of being a young lady. You are proud of being a grown-up teenager. People welcome you-this young lady-heartily. You are glad that your prayer has been answered. ?
But there is always something that troubles you a lot. You say; “Papa and Mama, give me some money please. My pocket money is all gone already. ”?
“No”, they say, “your age is a dangerous age. If you have too much money to spend, it won’t do you any good. ” Then you have to stay at home because you dare not go out with an empty pocket.
Another time you tell your grandma, “Grandma, see, I am a grown-up now. ”?
“Good, now, you can sit here and knit (编织) this for me while I go and have a rest. ” To show that you are no more a child, you have to sit there the whole afternoon doing the work, which only a grown-up can do. After an hour, you find it hard to do, and give the knitting basket back to your grandma. Your grandma criticizes your work. You hear what she says, “Such a big girl can’t do such easy work. ” You wish then you were a child again. ?
But the fact is, you are growing up, and you can’t help it. That’s the way it goes!
67. The passage is told about _______ problems.
A. a growing-up boy’s    B. a teenage girl’s   C. an old woman’s       D. a grown-up’s
68. It is clear that the writer, as a teenager, ________.
A. is pleased with the present life   B. is unhappy about growing up
C. doesn’t think her, present life happy enough   D. knows happy life will come to her soon
69. How does she know her prayer has been answered?
A. People treat her as a young lady.    B. She is no longer a kid.
C. People begin to call her teenager.   D. She can join women in all kinds of activities.
70. From what her parents say, we know _________.
A. they don’t believe she is already a teenager   B. it’s dangerous for a girl to spend money
C. they love her more than before            D. they still regard her as a child

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