题目内容


For better eyesight, doctors advise limiting the hours of screen time and encourage having enough eye resting time.
However, another study shows that sitting in front of computer or TV screens for long hours is not the only reason for myopia（近视）. An Australian research team studied young children in Sydney and Singapore to find the reasons for myopia.
The research team found that the prevalence（流行）of myopia among children in Sydney was lower than children in Singapore, even though they spent more time in front of computer and TV screens. The major finding is that children in Sydney spend longer hours on outdoor activities than those in Singapore.
Indoor and outdoor sports activities both make the eyes focus on more distant objects, which prevents the eyes from changing shape. But outdoor activities may better help avoid myopia than indoor sports activities.
Jane Gwiazda, who does research in sight problems, says: “Natural light is good for eye growth. And extra vitamin D from the sun might contribute to eye growth.”
Many doctors suggest that every child get its first eye test done when he/she is about two and half years old, and even if his/her sight seems perfect.
It is necessary for myopic children to wear glasses to prevent headaches, trouble reading or injuries. It is also important that schools invite doctors to test their students’ eyes.
If that is not possible, school teachers should at least encourage parents and children to have regular eye examinations and wear glasses. And parents should remember not only to limit the total screen time for their children, but also to encourage them to spend time outdoors.
【小题1】What’s the aim of the study by the Australian research team ?

A．To find the reasons for myopia.
B．To find the ways to treat myopia.
C．To prove the bad effects of myopia.
D．To prove the prevalence of myopia.
【小题2】Why are there fewer children with myopia in Sydney than in Singapore ?
A．Because Sydney children watch less TV.
B．Because Sydney children have more eye resting time.
C．Because Sydney children use computers less.
D．Because Sydney children do more outdoor sports.
【小题3】What conclusion can we draw from the passage ?
A．Sydney children don’t study hard.
B．Singapore children do few exercises.
C．Outdoor activities do more good to eyes.
D．Room light does harm to children’s eyes.
【小题4】Which of the following statements is TRUE ?
A．Children should have eye tests as soon as they reach school age.
B．Doing outdoor activities with no glasses is good for myopia children.
C．Focusing on distant objects can help the eyes keep their original shape.
D．Children should limit their time in the sun in order to protect their eyes.


【小题1】A
【小题2】D
【小题3】C
【小题4】C

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Narayana Hrudayalaya, a complex of health centers based in southern India, offers low-cost, high-quality specialty care in a largely poor country of 1.2 billion people. By thinking differently about everything from the unusually high number of patients it treats to the millions for whom it provides insurance, the hospital group is able to continually reduce costs. Narayana Hrudayalaya’s operations include the world’s largest and most productive cardiac (心脏病的) hospital, where the average open-heart surgery runs less than $2,000, a third or less what it costs elsewhere in India.

Narayana Hrudayalaya’s origins date back to 2001, when it built its massive cardiac center on the outskirts （市郊）of Bangalore. But it has expanded since then into what founder Dr. Devi Shetty calls a "health city," a series of centers specializing in eye, trauma, and cancer care. Narayana Hrudayalaya now manages or owns hospitals in 14 other Indian cities.

Expanding access is paired with a ongoing focus on efficiency. Typically, says Shetty, private hospitals in India focus on patients who can easily afford treatment. "We did it the other way around," he says. "This hospital is for poor people, but we also treat some rich people. We don’t look at people who are sgabbily dressed and have trouble paying as outsiders. "  Narayana Hrudayalaya’s flagship hospital has 3,000 beds and negotiates for better prices and buys directly from manufacturers, cutting out distributors.

In addition to cost-cutting, Narayana Hrudayalaya finds creative ways to make the economics work. The company started a micro-insurance program backed by the government that enables 3 million farmers to have coverage for as little as 22 cents a month in premiums（保险费）. Patients who pay discounted rates are in effect compensated by those who pay full price

Doing something--doing more, actually--is the point. By 2017, Shetty, 58, plans to expand from 5,000 beds throughout India to 30,000. Before becoming one of India’s best-known health-care entrepreneurs, Shetty was its best-known heart surgeon. He was interrupted in surgery one day during the 1990s by a request to make a house call. "I said, 'I don’t make home visits,'?" Shetty says, "and the caller said, 'If you see this patient, the experience may transform your life.'?" The request was from Mother Teresa. Inspired by the her work with the poor, he then set out to create a hospital to deliver care based on need, not wealth.  "One lesson she taught me," he says, quoting a saying he keeps framed in his office, "is 'Hands that sew are holier than lips that pray.'?"

1.Narayana Hrudayalayastarted a micro-insurance to _______.

A．cut down on the cost of the treatment       B．get the support of the government

C．make the company run smoothly            D．attract more people to its hospital

2.We can infer from the passage that _______.

A．the cost of medicine care in India is very low

B．Shetty wouldn’t have succeeded without Mother Teresa

C．Shetty and his colleagues are likely to make home visits now

D．Shetty has expanded his hospitals to most of other cities in India

3.Why did Shetty build the massive cardiac center in 2001?

A．He wanted to build a health city.

B．He was motivated and decided to help more people.

C．He intended to develop his career in different areas.

D．He meant to help more poor people get free treatment.

4.How would you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph ?

A．It’s doing something and doing more that really matters.

B．It’s not easy to take positive action to contribute to society.

C．Healthcare workers are the holiest persons in the world.

D．Praying alone is of no significance in face of difficult situation.

 

The Museum: The Charles Dickens Museum in London is the world’s most important collection of material relating to the great Victorian novelist and social commentator（时事评论员）.The only surviving London home of Dickens (from 1837 until 1839) was opened as a museum in 1925 and is still welcoming visitors from all over the world. On four floors, visitors can see paintings, rare editions, manuscripts（手稿）, original furniture and many items relating to the life of one of the most popular and beloved personalities of the Victorian age.

Opening Hours

The Museum is open from Mondays to Saturdays 10:00—17:00; Sundays 11:00—17:00.

Last admission is 30 minutes before closing time.

Special opening times can be arranged for groups, who may wish to book a private view.

Admission Charges: Adults: £5.00; Students: £4.00; Seniors: £4.00; Children: £3.00; Families: £14.00

(2 adults & up to five children)

Group Rates: For a group of 10 or more, a special group rate of £4.00 each applies. Children will still be admitted for £3.00 each.

Access: We are constantly working to improve access to the Museum and its collection. Our current projects involve the fitting of a wheelchair ramp（波道）for better access, a customer care kit and an audio tour for visitors with impaired (受损的)vision. Our Handling Sessions are also suitable for the visually（视觉上地）impaired. The Museum has developed an online virtual（虚拟的）tour through the Museum. Click here to visit all the rooms in the Museum online.

Hire the Museum: The Museum can be hired for private functions, performances soirees (社交晚会) and many other social occasions.

Find Us: The Museum may be reached by using the following buses: 7,17, 19, 38, 45, 46, 55, 243. And by these underground services: Piccadilly Line; Central Line. For a map, please click here. The British Museum and the Foundling Museum are within walking distance.

1.The passage is probably from a(n)________.

A．book

B．website

C．newspaper

D．announcement

2.If a family with two adults and five children go to the Museum together, they will save ______ compared to going there separately.

A．£25.00

B．£ 14.00

C．£ 9.00

D．£11.00

3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．In any case people cannot visit the Museum after 17:00.

B．Visitors with poor vision cannot enjoy the Museum.

C．The Museum is not very far from the British Museum.

D．Anyone cannot hire the Museum for other uses.

4.The passage is written to _______.

A．persuade readers to visit the Charles Dickens Museum.

B．inform readers about the history of the Charles Dickens Museum.

C．offer readers some information about the Charles Dickens Museum.

D．tell readers how to make use of the Charles Dickens Museum.

 

C.

Here are two letters from our readers expressing their concern about school assessment (评价):

(l)

Students should be allowed to study without worrying about grades (学习成绩). Fortunately, most educators realize that students have different interests and abilities. However, grade-based assessment is still very common. Grades often hold back creativity. Competing for better grades causes many students to turn down opportunities to go in for music, drama and sports. Grades are also an unfair measure of a student’s ability. I do not demand, as some extremists do, that grades should no longer be recorded. However, I do believe that less importance should be placed on. grades. I hope that someday grades will become optional(可选择的) at Village High School.

Magdalena Smith, President

Drama Club

(2)

Let’s face the facts about grades. Grades perform three basic functions( 功能). First, grades get students to work at their highest level of competence  (能力 ). Second, they act as an encouragement for hard-working students and as a warming to those who are not. Finally, grades are an effective standard by which to measure students' achievement. Good grades help students to get jobs and to get into university.

I've spoken with a number of students who have jobs, and most of them say that they were hired mainly because of their grades. My grades helped me get a part-time job and will help me into university next year. I think grades are extremely important at Village High School.

Simon Harper, Member,

Science Club

64. Simon Harper writes from the viewpoint of someone who      

A. insists grades should become optional in the near future

B. believe in the advantages of assessment based on grades

C. is concerned about improving students' creativity

D. supports using students' interests to measure their abilities

65. Magdalena Smith thinks it is important for       .

A. educators to assess the students by grades

B. educators to pay more attention to grades

C. students to compete for better grades

D. students to take part in music, drama, and sports

66. According to the letters, which of the following is TRUE about Village High School?

A. Grades are effective in every way.    

B. Grades hold back students' creativity. .

C. Grades bring about unnecessary worries.

D. Grades are still in use at present.    .

67. What are the two letters mainly about?

A. The role that grades should play in assessing students.

B. The importance of art and music in students' life.

C. The need to have a standard measure for students' success.

D. The reasons why grades shouldn't be used to assess students.

 

The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money.

Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of

bread was offered to dieters (节食者) with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.

　　On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.

　　Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.

56. Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _________.

　 A. stressing their high quality

　 B. convincing him of their low price

　 C. maintaining a balance between quality and price

　 D. appealing to his buying motives

57. The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ________.

　 A. thin slices of bread could contain more calories

　 B. the loaf was cut into regular slices

　 C. the bread was not genuine bread

　 D. the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same

58. The passage tells us that _______.

　 A. sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs

　 B. advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t need

　 C. the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements

　 D. fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment

59. It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should ________.

　 A. think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisements

　 B. guard against the deceiving nature of advertisements

　 C. be familiar with various advertising strategies

　 D. avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal

60. The passage is mainly about ________.

　 A. how to make a wise buying decision

　 B. ways to protect the interests of the consumer

　 C. the positive and negative aspects of advertising

　 D. the function of advertisements in promoting sales

 

Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

    Psychologists have known that one person’s perception (知觉) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping (打败) evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses (假定), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.

1. In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to _______.

　　A. evaluate someone’s personality

　　B. write down their hypotheses

　　C. fill out a personal information form

　　D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

2.We can infer from the passage that _______.

　　A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

　　B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

　　C. physical temperature affects how we see others

　　D. capable persons are often cold to others

3.What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships

　　B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation

　　C. Developing Better Drinking Habits

　　D. Physical Sensations and Emotions

 

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