题目内容

A recent online poll (民意调查) asked kids what they hated most about school. “Classes are boring” came in first. “Too much homework” was a close second. Since all activities remain interesting for only so long, too much homework can lead to ennui. So, why are some kids getting homework overload? Teachers give two reasons. First, they say, the government now requires schools to meet higher-than-ever achievement goals for students. If students don’ t succeed, the school faces punishment. Second, many parents want their children to be able to get into the best colleges and universities. These parents believe homework is a way to ensure that students are learning as much as possible.
People who favor homework argue that it can have many beneficial effects. They claim it can help students develop good study habits. Homework can help students recognize that learning can occur at home as well as at school. It can help develop their independent learning and responsible character traits(性格特征).
But studies show that middle school students doing 60 to 90 minutes of homework a night are doing just as well in school as those doing more than 90 minutes. And homework can have negative effects. Homework can deny students access to leisure(休闲) activities that also teach important skills. For example, sports teams teach cooperation and leadership, in addition to helping kids stay physically active. Another problem with too much homework is that parents can get too involved. They can put too much pressure on their kids.
So what should be done? Good homework assignments in the proper amount will have positive effects. Too much homework, however, will have negative effects. The bottom line: Students in grades three through six should do no more than 30 to 60 minutes of homework each night.
【小题1】The underline word “ennui” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “______” .

A．relaxationB．fancyC．boredomD．intelligence
【小题2】 According to Paragraph 1, the kids are given much homework because ________.
A．schools are evaluated in terms of students’ achievement.
B．the government doesn’t take the problem seriously
C．it is a good way to improve the students’ ability
D．time will be made full use of in this way
【小题3】Those who are in favor of homework think that _______.
A．homework helps students to succeed
B．it’s good for kids to help each other in learning
C．parents are a great help when kids do homework at home
D．homework helps children to learn independently
【小题4】 Which of the following is NOT a negative effect of too much homework?
A．Kids have little time to do leisure activities.
B．There is a lack of sleeping time.
C．The chances of learning other skills are lost.
D．Kids are under pressure from their parents.
【小题5】 The author’s purpose in writing the passage is _______.
A．to criticize the school teachers
B．to attract public attention to kids’ study
C．to offer more help to today’s kids
D．to call for proper amounts of homework


【小题1】C
【小题2】A
【小题3】D
【小题4】B
【小题5】D

解析【小题1】根据前文描述在学生最恨得事物中大量作业排在第二位，故这个词应是表示负面的含义，选C，厌倦的，无聊的。
【小题2】根据the government now requires schools to meet higher-than-ever achievement goals for students. If students don’ t succeed, the school faces punishment.描述可知选A。以学生成绩评价学校。
【小题3】根据It can help develop their independent learning 描述可知选D。
【小题4】根据短文第二段描述可知选B，缺乏睡眠时间不是大量作业的负面影响。
【小题5】根据Good homework assignments in the proper amount will have positive effects.可知选D，呼吁留适量作业。

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Working Wives

　　Last week, we published an article about modern marriage．A recent survey showed that in England 51 percent of married women go out to work．People were asked what they thought of “working wives”．The results were as follows：

　　We asked readers to write and tell us their opinions．Here are some of the hundreds of letters we received．?

　　I’m a(woman)photographer．I make plenty of money, travel a lot, and meet a lot of people．I enjoy my work, and would hate to stay at home．I would never marry a man who wanted me to give up my work．

　　O’Leary

　　At present there are over 1,000,000 unemployed men in Britain．If a woman gets a job, she puts one more man out of work．Perhaps that man has a wife and twelve children to support．Let women stay at home where they belong to．

　　Ted Stubbs

　　I am a mother of twelve children．When I go to work, my husband looks after the children．He is very good with the children and enjoys staying at home with them．And I enjoy my job as a bus driver．

　　Boot Battersea

　　We are twin sisters, who both got married recently．One of us(Doreen)kept her job．The other(Doris)gave up her jobs．But Doris gets bored staying at home, and Doreen gets bored going out to work．So now Doreen works for a week, while Doris stays at home．Then Doris does Doreen’s job for a week, while Doreen stays at home．At work, they never know if it’s Doreen who’s working today!

　　Doris & Doreen Bean Hendon

(1)

Last week we published an article about _________．

[　　]

A．

marriage nowadays

B．

working women

C．

working wives

D．

a strange marriage

(2)

The woman photographer would not marry a man who _________．

[　　]

A．

has less money than her

B．

likes staying at home

C．

is not very gentle

D．

wants her to stay at home

(3)

Ted Stubbs thought that women going out to work _________．

[　　]

A．

would make men lose chances for work

B．

would be better than men

C．

would weaken the right of the husband at home

D．

would be meaningless

(4)

When the bus driver goes to work, _________．

[　　]

A．

her children take care of themselves

B．

a nurse looks after her children instead of her

C．

her husband looks after the children

D．

she has to have everything ready for the children

The bedroom door opened and a light went on, signaling an end to nap time．The toddle（初学走路的婴儿）, sleepy-eyed, clambered to a swinging stand in his crib．He smiled, reached out to his father, and uttered what is fast becoming the cry of his generation: "iPhone!"

         Just as adults have a hard time putting down their iPhones, so the device is now the Toy of Choice for many 1-, 2- and 3-year-olds．The phenomenon is attracting the attention and concern of some childhood development specialists．

Natasha Sykes, a mother of two in Atlanta, remembers the first time her daughter, Kelsey, now 3 but then barely 2 years old, held her husband's iPhone．"She pressed the button and it lit up．I just remember her eyes．It was like 'Whoa!' "The parents were charmed by their daughter's fascination．But then, said Ms．Sykes （herself a Black Berry user）, "She got serious about the phone．" Kelsey would ask for it．Then she'd cry for it．"It was like she'd always want the phone," Ms．Sykes said．

Apple, the iPhone's designer and manufacturer, has built its success on machines so user-friendly that even technologically blinded adults can figure out how to work them, so it makes sense that sophisticated children would follow．Tap a picture on the screen and something happens．What could be more fun?

The sleepy-eyed toddler who called for the iPhone is one of hundreds of iPhone-loving toddlers whose parents are often proud of their offspring's ability to slide fat fingers across the gadget's screen and pull up photographs of their choice．

Many iPhone apps on the market are aimed directly at preschoolers, many of them labeled "educational," such as Toddler Teasers: Shapes, which asks the child to tap a circle or square or triangle; and Pocket Zoo, which streams live video of animals at zoos around the world．

Along with fears about dropping and damage, however, many parents sharing iPhones with their young ones feel guilty．They wonder whether it is indeed an educational tool, or a passive amusement like television．The American Academy of Pediatrics is continually reassessing its guidelines to address new forms of "screen time．" Dr．Gwenn Schurgin O'Keeffe, a member of the academy's council, said, "We always try to throw in the latest technology, but the cellphone industry is becoming so complex that we always come back to the table and wonder- Should we have a specific guideline for them?"

Tovah P. Klein, the director of a research center for Toddler Development worries that fixation on the iPhone screen every time a child is out with parents will limit the child's ability to experience the wider world.

As with TV in earlier generations, the world is increasingly divided into those parents who do allow iPhone use and those who don't. A recent post on UrbanBaby.com, asked if anyone had found that their child was more interested in playing with their iPhone than with real toys. The Don't mothers said on the Website: "We don't let our toddler touch our iPhones ... it takes away from creative play." "Please ... just say no. It is not too hard to distract a toddler with, say ... a book."

Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, a psychology professor who specializes in early language development, sides with the Don'ts. Research shows that children learn best through activities that help them adapt to the particular situation at hand and interacting with a screen doesn't qualify, she said.

Still, Dr. Hirsh-Pasek, struck on a recent visit to New York City by how many parents were handing over their iPhones to their little children in the subway, said she understands the impulse (冲动). "This is a magical phone," she said. "I must admit I'm addicted to this phone."

1.The first paragraph in the passage intends to ______.

A．get us to know a cute sleepy-eyed child in a family

B．show us how harmful the iPhone is

C．lead us to the topic of the toddlers' iPhone-addict

D．explain how iPhone appeals to toddlers

2.According to the author, iPhones are popular with both adults and young kids because they are______.

A．easy to use                                 B．beautiful in appearance

C．cheap in price                                        D． powerful in battery volume

3.The underlined word "them" in the seventh paragraph refers to ______.

A．televisions  B．cellphones           C．iPhones          D．screens

4.The tone of the author towards parents sharing iPhones with their children is ______.

A．negative            B．subjective            C．objective          D．supportive

5.The passage mainly tells us ______.

A．children's iPhone addict is becoming a concern

B．iPhone is winning the hearts of the toddlers

C．Apple is developing more user-friendly products

D．ways to avoid children's being addicted to iPhone games

 

If you are having trouble falling asleep, you are in good company. About 65% of Americans said they have sleeping problems a few nights each week, according to a recent study by the National Sleep Foundation. Sleeping too little can lead to a higher risk of becoming fat and getting depressed(沮丧的). But before you go to a doctor for advice, it is worth examining your sleeping habits one more time. Some of your favorite evening habits may have something to do with the sleeping problems.

Setting a Bright Alarm Clock

The light of your bright alarm clock can prevent you from falling asleep. You can make your room as dark as possible. Cover the bright numbers with a book or consider buying a small travel clock. Your cellphone alarm may also do the trick.

Counting Sheep

When you just can’t  fall asleep, it’s useless to stay in bed to count sheep. If you’ve been trying to fall asleep for more than 30 minutes, the National Sleep Foundation suggests you get up to do some reading or watch TV for a while. Such activities will make you sleepy. Before you know it, you’ll be going back to bed really tired.

Exercising Late at Night?

Daytime workouts(锻炼) will keep you full of energy for hours. That’s why you don’t want to exercise within three hours of hitting the sack. Fierce(剧烈的)  physical activity raise your body temperature and pumps your energy level—both are bad for a good night’s sleep.

1.What can we learn from the first sentence of the passage?

A．It’s not good to fail to fall asleep at night.

B．People in a good company often have sleeping problems.

C．There are many people who have sleeping problems.

D．You should find someone to talk to if you can’t fall asleep.

2.The underlined part “hitting the sack” in the last paragraph means “______”.

A．going back home                        B．going to bed

C．going to the gym                        D．falling asleep

3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A．The bad results o f getting too little sleep.

B．Why the bright alarm clock keeps you awake.

C．What to do if you can’t fall asleep after 30 minutes.

D．Why watching TV and reading books make people sleepy.

4.By writing the passage, the writer mainly wants to tell us _______.

A．why so many people can’t sleep well at night

B．how to enjoy a good night’s sleep

C．that sleeping problems are troubling more and more people

D．that people may solve their sleeping problems by some habits

 

Researchers in over 80 nations are taking part in a project to conduct a decade-long census(统计) of sea life. Scientists presented some of their findings at a recent conference as the project neared its completion.

In deep icy waters under Antarctica, scientists found bulbous tunicates, an underground animal, and many newly-discovered creatures believed to be related to starfish (海星) and other marine(海洋的）creatures.

Elsewhere in the world’s oceans, they have recently discovered many kinds of underwater life forms new to science. It is all part of a research effort called the Census of Marine Life.

“There are about 2,000 scientists worldwide involved,” said Bob Gagosian, President, CEO of the Consortium for Ocean Leadership. Gagosian helps manage the project. “Everywhere they’ve gone they’ve found new things,” he says. “The ocean basically is unexplored from the point of view of marine living things.”

Researchers have placed small markers on hundreds of fish and marine animals to track by satellite their migration(迁移）routes and to discover places where sea life gathers.

According to Ron O’Dor, a senior scientist with the Census of Marine Life, knowledge of life on the ocean floor is especially limited. “90% of all the information we have is from the top hundred meters of the ocean,” O’Dor states.

And he says the sea floor is, on average, at a depth of 4, 000 meters. And so, as some machines dive far below what people have previously seen, scientists are discovering new species of plants, animals and living things.

Since the census project began, more than 5,300 new marine animals have been found. Ocean researchers say they hope to catalogue 230,000 species during the census —which some say is only a small part of all the creatures living in the sea.

1.Why do the researchers place small markers on many marine creatures?

A．To catch them.

B．To research them.

C．To kill them.

D．To protect them.

2.From what Ron O’Dor says, we can conclude that        .

A．human beings only know a little about marine life

B．the oceans don’t need to be further explored

C．he considers exploring the ocean a dangerous thing

D．the marine creatures mainly live on the top of the ocean

3.What can we learn from the passage?

A．About 2,000 scientists from America are involved in the project.

B．The census of sea life will last for ten years.

C．230,000 new marine animals have been found.

D．The sea floor is at a depth of 400 meters.

4.Why does the author write the passage?

A．To tell the news that new marine creatures are being discovered

B．To encourage people to find new marine creatures

C．To prove the importance of marine creatures

D．To introduce the newly-discovered creatures.

 

For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

In 1867 the United States faced the task of rebuilding after the destruction of the Civil War, so it looked westward for the raw materials needed to fuel industrial growth. Geological surveys and mapping journeys were set forth to explore this        1 territory. These groups, in turn, hired mapmakers, scientists, cooks, drivers, and doctors. They also hired painters and photographers as part of the teams. Painters needed few supplies, making it relatively easy for them to travel in the wilderness, ____2____ photographers were not so lucky; they had to transport a fully stocked darkroom on the __3____.

Until the late 1870s, most photographers used the __4___ wet-collodion process. The first step was to wash a clean sheet of glass with a sticky mixture of collodion and chemicals, (collodion or "gun-cotton" was a recent medical discovery used to cover wounds because the viscous (粘性的) solution turned into a protective film when dry.) After it was washed, the plate went into another bath that the picture was __5___ getting darker; Finally, the glass negative (底片) was washed clean with fresh water. __6__ a photograph from the negative had to wait until the photographer went back to the studio. The ___7___ of the negative depended on the size of the camera. Some negatives could be as large as 20 by 24 inches.

Imagine the __8____ of taking photographs in the 1860s and 1870s in the remote western wilderness! Photographers went over Rocky Mountains and through rushing rivers. They were __9____ in the terrible desert heat, with cameras, sheets of glass, and vats of chemicals. Bad weather, equipment failures, and accidents were frequent problems. They persevered, but success in creating a negative did not ___10___ the production of a photograph; plates still had to be ___11___ transported back to the studio before the image could be printed on paper. A photographer could carry 120 pounds of many miles to         ____12____ a magnificent view only to have the easily broken plate        ___13___ in transportation.

__14___, once photographers were successful, the results were superb and much admired. Photographs were put on exhibition, and people bought albums filled with pictures by Timothy O'Sullivan, Carleton Watkins, and William Henry Jackson. Jackson's photographs of Yellowstone's

natural wonders, along with the paintings of fellow Thomas Moran, even helped ___15___ Congress to preserve thousands of acres of this land in 1872 as the nation's first national park.

 

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