题目内容


Have you ever walked outside thinking it was one temperature but quickly discovered it felt colder? That is because of the “wind chill” effect.
Wind chill is how cold people and animals feel when they are outside, not the actual temperature on the thermometer(温度计). It is based on how quickly your body loses heat when it is exposed to wind and cold. When the wind is strong, your body quickly loses heat, making the temperature of your skin drop.
When scientists first started calculating wind chill, they used research conducted in 1945 by explorers to Antarctica who measured how quickly water froze outside.
But water freezes faster than exposed skin, so the wind chill index based on that data wasn’t accurate.
In 2001, the US government began to measure wind chill more precisely by testing how quickly people’s skin froze.
Twelve volunteers were placed in a chilled wind tunnel. Equipment was stuck to their faces to measure the heat flow from their cheeks, forehead, nose and chin while they walked three miles per hour on a treadmill(跑步机).
The experiment revealed how quickly exposed skin can be damaged, particularly unprotected areas like your fingers, toes, the tip of your nose and your ear lobes. In fact, 40 percent of your body heat can be lost through your head! Signs you might have frostbite(冻疮) are when the skin turns white or pale and you lose feeling in that area.
The information collected from the volunteers helped scientists work out the math to compute wind chill. It involves wind speed and air temperature.
If, for example, the temperature outside is zero degrees Fahrenheit and the wind is blowing at 15 miles per hour, the wind chill is calculated at 19 degrees below zero. At that wind chill temperature, exposed skin can freeze in 30 minutes.
You can find a calculation table at www.nws.noaa.gov/om/windchill/index.shtml.
Experts advise in cold weather that you wear loose-fitting, lightweight, warm clothing, worn on top of each other. Air caught between the clothes will keep you warm. The best cold-weather coats have head coverings made of woven material that keep out water. So next time the temperature drops and you want to play outside, listen to your parents when they tell you to wrap up warm!
小题1: According to the text, wind chill _______.
A．means how fast exposed skin freezes
B．doesn’t affect your head as much as other body parts
C．changes according to the temperature on the thermometer
D．changes from person to person depending on their health
小题2: When might a person have frostbite according to the passage?
A．When his skin turns red and he loses feeling in that area.
B．When he is running faster and he is losing strength quickly.
C．When his face is exposed and quickly loses heat even indoors.
D．When his skin turns pale and he has no feeling in that area.
小题3: What factors influence wind chill?
A．A person’s body temperature and will speed.
B．Wind speed and a person’s strength.
C．Air temperature and wind speed.
D．The location and air temperature.
小题4: What can we conclude from the passage?
A．It was in 1945 that scientists first began to calculate wind chill.
B．Compared with water, people’s exposed skin freezes more slowly.
C．The wind chill index based on Antarctica data is considered a standard.
D．With the development of technology, many previous researches have been proven wrong.

小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:B
文章讲述了“wind chill”现象，阐明了原理并介绍了相关的实验情况。
小题1:细节题。根据文章第二段内容可知答案为A。
小题2:推理题。根据文章第七段内容可知当裸露皮肤变白，该部分丧失知觉后就容易出现冻疮。
小题3:细节题。根据文章倒数第四段It involves wind speed and air temperature.可知C为正确答案。
小题4:细节题。根据文章第四段第一行But water freezes faster than exposed skin可知B为正确答案。
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Autumn and winter are cold and flu seasons. Will the old advice about dressing warmly help prevent a cold, or if you get sick, should you follow the old saying, “feed a cold and starve a fever?” And what about that fever? Should you take medicine to reduce your temperature, or is it better to let the body treat the fever itself? Everyone seems to have an answer. But is popular wisdom valuable?
Doctor Nelson knows a lot about cold and flu seasons. Nelson says research may be just starting to provide proofs for long-held beliefs. For example, scientists for years were against the idea that getting cold and wet might cause colds or flu. But recent studies have shown that cold temperatures cause stress on the body, and that stress can create conditions more inviting to viruses. So maybe it does make sense to wrap up warmly before going outside.
And what about feeding a cold and starving a fever? Nelson says if you have a cold and are hungry, you should eat. But a fever, especially a high one, suggests a more serious problem. He says people are usually not hungry when they have a high fever. Eating might even make a person sick. But drinking enough water is important. A fever easily makes the body lose water.
Finally, when should you treat a fever? Nelson says a fever should be treated if it stays at
40℃ or above for a day or more. A high temperature can damage brain cells. The doctor also believes in treating a fever if it prevents a person from sleeping.
Medicine like aspirin, for example, can be used to reduce pain and fever. But aspirin should not be given to children because it can cause serious problems.
小题1:We can learn from the passage that Doctor Nelson________.
A．doesn’t believe in the old advice about preventing colds
B．is now trying his best to provide proofs for long-held beliefs.
C．doesn’t think it necessary to see a doctor immediately if a person has a temperature of 40℃
D．doesn’t think it necessary to treat a fever even if it prevents someone from sleeping.
小题2:According to Doctor Nelson, if someone catches a fever, he should________.
A．bathe in cold waterB．drink enough water
C．try to eat somethingD．take some exercise outside
小题3:Which of the following is Not mentioned in the passage?
A．When people should treat a fever
B．Whether the old advice about preventing a cold is valuable.
C．What the medicine , aspirin, is used for.
D．Why people should eat when having a cold.
小题4:The passage suggests that_______.
A．aspirin can damage train cells if an adult takes too much of it.
B．it is easier for people to catch colds when their bodies are stressed.
C．some old advice about preventing colds doesn’t make any sense.
D．the idea that getting cold can cause flu was proved true years ago.

On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.
Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us where we are.
There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.
Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple（枫树）makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.
The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that.
The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars’（杨树）putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local steam as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.
小题1:What can be learned from Paragraph 2?
A．The scenes are colorful and changeable.
B．There are many windows in the wooden house.
C．The views remind us that we are in a wooden house.
D．The lakes outside the windows are quite different in color.
小题2:By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that ______ .
A．the kids like playing in trees
B．the kids are very familiar with trees
C．the kids have learned much knowledge
D．the kids find trees useful learning tools
小题3:What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．The change of seasons is easily felt.
B．The seasons make the scenes change.
C．The weather often changes in the forest.
D．The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.
小题4:What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
A．To describe the beauty of the scene around the house.
B．To introduce her children’s happy life in the forest.
C．To show that living in the forest is healthful.
D．To share the joy of living in the nature.

One potential problem with allowances is that children’s responsible behavior can become about earning the allowance rather than the intrinsic(固有的)value of their family responsibilities. For example, if you pay your children for taking out the rubbish, they see this chore (家务事) as a job that they should be rewarded for instead of a responsibility they must fulfill as part of the family. But giving children an allowance for weekly chores is not necessarily bad. You are rewarding them for fulfilling their family responsibilities, but it is not for a specific act. It is an appreciation of their commitment to your family values. You are also conveying another important message that their actions have consequences: if they do good things, good things happen. They also learn a lesson about the market economy, namely that work is rewarded.
Allowances can also be used as punishment and to teach children lessons about family values. For example, if your children join a group of kids smashing (砸碎) pumpkins on Halloween, a part of a reasonable punishment might be to require them to pay the families out of their allowance to replace the pumpkins. Thus, your children learn that bad behavior has financial consequences. Meanwhile, by relating the punishment to the misdeed, you ensure that your children see the connection and learn the value lesson.
How much allowance should you pay your children? The precise amount depends on your family’s financial situation, the cost of living and your children’s needs. Children can start to earn a weekly allowance as early as 5 years of age. An increase of $ 1 per week for each year of your children’s lives is realistic until they reach their mid-teens. When they begin to drive and date, you can calculate their expenses and establish a reasonable allowance that covers their needs.
小题1:The first paragraph mainly tells us that giving allowance to children may____________.
A．lead to children’s preference for money rather than anything else
B．lead to children’s preference for earning money on their own
C．cause the problem that children value money more than responsibilities
D．cause children to earn money instead of going to school
小题2:When your children join a group of kids smashing pumpkins on Halloween, ___________.
A．you should give them some allowances to pay for the pumpkins
B．they should be rid of their opportunity to celebrate Halloween
C．you should ensure your children see the connection with their lessons
D．they should face the consequence of losing their own money
小题3:It can be inferred from the passage that_____________.
A．the author doesn’t want to give any tips on the allowance amount
B．allowances given to children of different ages may vary
C．children under 6 can’t be given any allowance
D．the allowance amount grows depending on the amount other children receive

Idioms are phrases and sentences that do not mean exactly what they say. Even if you know the meaning of each word you see or hear, you may not understand the idiom because you don't understand the culture behind it.
　　 For example, if an American boy asks his mother what's for dinner tomorrow, she may say "I'll play it by ear", that means she doesn't have plans for dinner and she will decide later. "Play by ear" used to mean playing music using the sheet music, but now people often use it when they're not talking about music.
　　 There're many idioms in English. If you learn to use them, your English will be more vivid and colorful. English idioms are more common in spoken English. They can be difficult to remember sometimes. Next time when you hear somebody saying to you, "Give me a hand", you don't necessarily stretch out your hand to him/her, but you do need to be helpful. And when the situation is out of hand, you usually can do very little to manage all that. What about a green hand? It's not about the color of your hand! You're a green hand when you are very new at your work and don't have much experience. If you and your partner always work together hand in glove, you two definitely work together very well.
　　 Can you guess the meanings of some common English idioms to do with parts of your body?
小题1:An idiom is _______.
A．a phrase or a sentence that means exactly what the words say
B．a phrase or a sentence that doesn't mean exactly what every word says
C．so difficult that nobody can understand
D．something to do with parts of your body
小题2:If a mother says "I'll play it by ear" to talk about the dinner, she means _______.
A．she will cook dinner while listening to music at the same time
B．she doesn't hear what others are talking about.
C．she will play music using the sheet music instead of cooking dinner
D．She doesn't have plans for dinner and will decide later
小题3:When one says "Can you give me a hand?", he means _______.
A．he needs to hold your hand.
B．he works well with you
C．he needs your help
D．he is a new comer and can't help with the situation
小题4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．People use English idioms more in spoken English than in written English.
B．To understand the culture behind an idiom is important in understanding the idiom.
C．Idioms make your English more vivid and colorful so they are easy to remember.
D．You may not understand an idiom even though you know the meaning of each word.
小题5:Here are 4 common English idioms to do with parts of your body and their meanings. Can you match them?
　　1) to learn something by heart a. to depend on oneself
　　2) to have sticky fingers b. to know something very well
　　3) to stand on one's own feet c. to do something secretly
　　4) to go behind someone's back d. to have the habit of stealing
A．badc B．bdac C．cbad D．cdba

I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a splendid, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more lasting emotion.
Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells“happiness”. But in memoir（回忆录）after memoir, they reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism ,drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage, if he’s honest, and he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out whenever they want and sleep as late as they can. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating（解放性的）realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
小题1:We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．fun creates long-lasting satisfaction
B．fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness
C．happiness is lasting whereas fun is short-lived
D．fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness
小题2:To the author, the role Hollywood stars play is to ________.
A．write memoir after memoir about their happiness
B．tell the public that happiness has nothing to do with fun
C．teach people how to enjoy their lives
D．bring happiness to the public instead of going to parties
小题3:In the author’s opinion, marriage ________ .
A．affords greater funB．leads to raising children
C．indicates duty and devotionD．usually ends up in pain
小题4:Which of the following is the best example of“painful happiness”?
A．Winning lottery by accident
B．A bachelor resisting marriage
C．Raising children
D．Buying some fancy clothes
小题5:If one gets the true sense of happiness, he will ________.
A．stop playing games and joking with othersB．keep himself with his family
C．give a free hand to moneyD．use his time to increase happiness

Sometimes doing something for yourself - even shopping--can give others a lift. That's the case at charity shops and non-profit stores such as Ten Thousand Villages which helps provide skilled workmen with money in developing countries.
Their handicrafts(手工艺品) are sold throughout North America in 180 stores, 95 of them operated by Ten Thousand Villages.
"People come into the store because we have a lot of interesting things, but then they're drawn to us by the mission(慈善的行动) ," says organization spokeswoman Juanita Fox.
"It just feels good to be making a difference when you're buying something."
In the Alexandria, Virginia shop, generals display windows draw you in. They are filled with practical, attractive home furnishings in blue and white, all international in mood.
Once inside though, it's clear that this isn't just another import store. On the wall behind the cash register is the following note:
"Ten Thousand Villagers provides necessary, fair income to Third World people by marketing their handicrafts and telling their stories in North America. Your Buying Makes a Difference. "
The store was opened in 1994 as part of a network of shops across the USA run by the Mennonite Church, which is based in Akron, Pennsylvania.
Currently, 60,000 skilled workmen from 32 countries provide goods to the stores, with all proceeds (收益) re-invested in the organization.
Management of the Alexandria shop is overseen by an all-volunteer board of directors. More than 40 additional volunteers help doing everything from working the register to unpacking stock.
Maria Yannopoulos got involved after visiting a store and getting to know another volunteer. "Since we are non-profit, we are really looking for value because the more we sell, the more jobs we can create. Giving someone job rather than charity helps in so many ways. "
小题1:The underlined part "give others a lift" in the first paragraph means ______.
A．offer other a ride in a car
B．take others up and down in another floor
C．make others think of plans
D．make others more pleased
小题2:A large number of people visit Ten Thousand Villagers because _______.
A．they are fond of traveling around
B．they can find something interesting
C．they can enjoy the wonderful foods
D．they want to learn how to farm in the fields
小题3:What can we learn from the note mentioned in this passage?
A. Goods sold at Ten Thousand Villages are expensive.
B. Stories about Ten Thousand Villages are interesting.
C. What the purpose of the shop is.
D. Goods from the Third World are better than those from the USA.
小题4:From the last paragraph we can learn that ________.
A．American volunteers like to run shops
B．American shops are mostly operated by volunteers
C．Volunteers often offer goods to their friends as presents
D．Shopping can also be a kind of charity

“Where is the bus?” I asked myself. I was going to be late and the manager wasn’t going to be pleased. Thank God, here it is! The bus__1__round the corner and I got on. Ten minutes later I was walking into the__2__ where I work. “Twenty-five past nine. I__3__ the manager doesn’t notice.” But no __4__luck! “Smith!” shouted the manager. “Late again. What’s your__5__ this time?”. “ I’m afraid the bus was late, Mr. Brown.” “Get up earlier tomorrow! Anyway, go to your__6__ at the counter, we’ll be opening in a few minutes.”
My first customer was a pretty girl wearing a red dress. Behind her was a young man of about 25. He seemed very__7__, and every few seconds he looked __8__the main entrance. The girl__9__about opening a bank account. I gave her the necessary __10__and she walked out. __11__, I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something__12__with brown paper. Turning to my next customer, I was terrified to see a gun__13__ out of his coat. The moment a loud noise __14__ my ears. Everything went black. I was falling…. After__15__seemed a very long time, I opened my eyes and found in bed! __16__shaking from the memory of this terrible dream, I got dressed and ran out of the house. As usual, the bus wasn’t on time, and I got to the bank at 9:25.
“Smith!” the manager cried out in a voice like thunder. “__17__of your excuse! Go start work at once!” To my__18__, the first customer was a girl __19__ a red dress and behind her stood a man carrying something wrapped in brown paper. The __20__! Wasn’t that the surprise of my life?
小题1:
A．ranB．cameC．rodeD．drove
小题2:
A．hotelB．shopC．bankD．restaurant
小题3:
A．believeB．expectC．guessD．hope
小题4:
A．muchB．suchC．moreD．this
小题5:
A．excuseB．ideaC．causeD．answer
小题6:
A．businessB．jobC．placeD．spot
小题7:
A．nervousB．shyC．calmD．angry
小题8:
A．downB．forC．towardsD．through
小题9:
A．caredB．talkedC．askedD．worried
小题10:
A．informationB．offerC．instructionD．support
小题11:
A．AgainB．ThenC．ThusD．However
小题12:
A．hiddenB．rolledC．filledD．covered
小题13:
A．gettingB．aimingC．appearingD．sticking
小题14:
A．tookB．shookC．filledD．covered
小题15:
A．whatB．whenC．thatD．it
小题16:
A．EvenB．StillC．JustD．Ever
小题17:
A．LessB．PlentyC．MoreD．None
小题18:
A．beliefB．surpriseC．joyD．regret
小题19:
A．ofB．withC．onD．in
小题20:
A．dreamB．storyC．affairD．accident
“Where is the bus? Why is it always late?” I asked myself. I was going to be late  _31___the manager wasn’t going to be pleased. “Thank God, here it is!” The bus came round the corner and I got on. Ten minutes later I was walking into the __32___where I work. “Twenty-five past nine. I   hope the manager doesn’t notice.” But I was not   _33___.
“Smith!” shouted the manager. “Late again. What’s your   _34___ this time?” “I am afraid the bus was late, Mr. Brown.” “ Get up earlier tomorrow! Anyway, go to your place at the counter(柜台). We’ll be opening in a few minutes.”
My first customer was a pretty girl wearing a red dress.  _35___ her was a young man of about 23.He seemed very ____36____, and every few seconds he looked towards the main entrance. The girl drew some money and __37___about opening an account. I gave her necessary   38__and she went out. Then I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something ___39_ _with brown paper. Turning to my next customer, I was frightened to see a gun sticking out of his coat. The next moment a loud noise ___40 __my ears. Everything went black. I was falling… It seemed to be a long time ___41___ I opened my eyes and I found myself in bed! Still shaking from the memory of this terrible dream, I got dressed and ran out of the house. ___42___ the bus wasn’t on time, and I got to the bank at 9:25.
“Smith!” the manager cried out in a voice like thunder. “__43___of your excuses! Start work at once!” To my ___44__ the first customer was a girl ___45__ a red dress and behind her stood a man carrying something wrapped in brown paper. The Dream! Sometimes life is full of coincidences (巧合)!
小题1:
A．asB．butC．andD．or
小题2:
A．hotelB．shopC．bankD．restaurant
小题3:
A．luckyB．happyC．sorryD．angry
小题4:
A．excuseB．ideaC．causeD．answer
小题5:
A．BeforeB．BehindC．BeyondD．Against
小题6:
A．nervousB．shyC．calmD．angry
小题7:
A．caredB．talkedC．askedD．worried
小题8:
A．informationB．offerC．introductionD．support
小题9:
A．hiddenB．filledC．decoratedD．covered
小题10:
A．tookB．filledC．closedD．came
小题11:
A．whenB．afterC．beforeD．that
小题12:
A．As usualB．For one thingC．In factD．In general
小题13:
A．LessB．PlentyC．MoreD．None
小题14:
A．pleasureB．surpriseC．joyD．regret
小题15:
A．ofB．withC．onD．in

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