Let children learn to judge their own work．A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time：if corrected too much, he will stop talking．He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use．Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's．In the same way, children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught-to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle-compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes．But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone(更不用说)correct them．We do it all for him．We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless he was made to．Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher．Let him do it himself．Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not．
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book．Let him correct his own papers．Why should we teachers waste time on such routine(常规的)work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer．Let's end all this nonsense of grades, exams and marks．Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn：how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know．
Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible(合情理的)to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it．The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense(无意义的)in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours．Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential(基本的), something they will need to get on in the world?” Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learnt it．
(1)
What does the writer think is the best way for children to think?
[ ]
A．
By listening to their parents' instructions．
B．
By asking a great many questions．
C．
By making mistakes and having them corrected．
D．
By copying what other people do．
(2)
What does the writer think teachers should NOT do?
[ ]
A．
Give children correct answers．
B．
Point out children's mistakes to them．
C．
Allow children to mark their own work．
D．
Encourage children to copy one another．
(3)
According to the passage, learning to speak and learning to ride a bike are ________．
[ ]
A．
the most important skills．
B．
the basic skills children should master
C．
almost the same as learning other skills
D．
much different from learning other skills．
(4)
The writer is afraid that children will grow up into adults who are ________．
The repairman told me, “No charge, Professor Pan! We’re friends．”
“I’d rather pay, ” I replied．“If it’s free, I can’t afford it!”
Chinese often refuse payment for professional services, insisting, “We’re friends now!” But then they show up later to ask me to tutor them in English, or get them into an American university, and I wish I’d have just paid the 30 yuan I owed them in the first place!
According to the Americans, “There is no free lunch．”, means that there’s a price for everything．And I’m always looking around to figure out what this means．
Many of our neighbours have given us fruit or flowers or costly teas, never asking anything in return．For years, a bicycle repairman has repeatedly refused to let me pay him．“Wait until you have something major to fix!” he insists．
I mentioned to a peasant friend that I wished I had a stone mill to grind(磨)flour for bread．A month later he showed up with a beautiful mill that he’d had his uncle in the countryside carve from a solid block of granite(花岗石)．
Chinese generosity(慷慨)is a real education for Americans like me, who would rather avoid social entanglements(纠纷)and just hand over the money．But cash can’t compensate(补偿)for the greatest gift－friendship．
When an American saw some of my friends sitting on bamboo stools under the trees, sipping(呷)tea, he said, “They must have nothing better to do．” “Actually,” I said, “they are professors, with plenty to do．But probably you are right in saying that, at this moment, they have nothing better to do．And neither do I!”?
And I joined the group．When chatted about tea and Chinese cooking and how much my boys have grown since we arrived．One man said, “They were pocket-sized when you came here．Now they’re taller than you．How time flies!”
How life flies．And Chinese are smart enough to share what they know they cannot keep．They freely give off their time, never too busy to help a friend．And they are teaching me, slowly, to both give and receive．So the next time someone says, “No charge．We’re friends!” I will thank them heartily．But if they show up later asking me to tutor them in English, I’ll make sure they tutor my son in Chinese as well, because there’s still no free lunch．
(1)
Why did the author insist paying the repairman while he was offered free repairs?
[ ]
A．
Because he was an upright man．
B．
Because he didn’t know the repair man．
C．
Because he thought it natural to pay for other’s service．
D．
Because he didn’t want to help others in return．
(2)
Generally, the author thinks that ________．
[ ]
A．
Chinese are generous and always ready to help their friends
B．
Chinese are good at exchange of equal values
C．
Chinese are free enough to drink and chat with their friends
D．
Chinese are helpful but don’t treasure time
(3)
The best title for the passage should be “________”．
[ ]
A．
Still No Free Lunch
B．
A Good Lesson From Chinese
C．
True Help Or Not
D．
Learn To Both Give And Receive
(4)
Which of the following is TRUE?
[ ]
A．
All the Chinese that once gave the author help have asked him to tutor them in English．
B．
When a peasant knew the author needed a mill, he made one for the author himself．
C．
The author thinks that Chinese are wise enough to enjoy the limited life．
D．
The author is not used to the Chinese ways to make friends．
阅读理解
Mianzi(literally “face”)has long been observed by most Chinese．As a famous saying goes, “Men live for face as trees grow for bark．”
In a recent survey conducted by China Youth Daily, over 93 percent of the polled(接受测试的)people(1150)said they pay much attention to their mianzi, which concerns people’s decency, personality, and dignity．
When asked what the most humiliating(不光彩的)thing is, a heavy number accounting for 74.9 percent of the total chose public gaffes(失态)with the failed fulfillment of one’s promise coming in as second．More than a half of the people feel ashamed of being shown as ignorant before others．A total 47.5 percent of the polled considered it a loss of face to have no enough money on them when treating friends out to a dinner．
What would enhance one’s face then? In a ranking on this question, the survey revealed that doing what others cannot do topped the list, taking up a high proportion of 83.7 percent．Following at the second, with 53.9 percent, was being praised in public．Being outstandingly knowledgeable was third on the list for sharpening one’s mianzi, accounting for 51.7 percent．
According to the survey, face usually comes at a price．To pay or not to pay, it’s a problem．Deeply troubled with the face concept, many “fight” each other for the chance to foot the bill despite a barren pocket．Some 80.7 percent of those taking the poll thought it a tough life to always hold the face concept．Surprisingly, only 8.7 percent of the polled insisted that it tarnish(损害)a man’s authority and face in a family where the wife is the major breadwinner．
Armed to the teeth with the luxury name brand clothes, a limited 7.7 percent among all the polled prefer pricey cloths in order to gain more face．
Taking the social status into consideration, 82.9 percent of the polled nod at the opinion that those holding a superior position care far more than the general public about face．In another comparison, the manual labors pay less attention to face than brainworkers．The survey also revealed that men focus more on face than women and the senior more than the young．
While most people hold a neutral viewpoint about those who value mianzi a lot, nearly 80 percent of all the polled are willing to make friends with them．
(1)
According to the survey, which of the following most enhances one’s face?
[ ]
A．
Having enough money to treat friends out to a dinner．
B．
Being praised by others in public．
C．
Doing what others can’t．
D．
Affording to buy luxury name brand clothes．
(2)
You didn’t lose face when ________．
[ ]
A．
you broke your word after you offered to help your friends
B．
you made a big mistake in your speech to the public
C．
you let out that you know little about what your friends are talking about
D．
you managed to get your friend’s car started
(3)
Who cares most about face?
[ ]
A．
A young brainworker．
B．
A senior manual laborer．
C．
A person in high position．
D．
A senior woman brainworker．
(4)
The writer’s purpose in writing the article is to ________．
[ ]
A．
show how the Chinese care about face
B．
report on the findings of the survey
C．
give information about how to prevent losing face
D．
teach people how to enhance face
阅读理解
Your first term is sure to be manic(躁狂的)，but there’s no need to panic．Read the following suggestions on how to make your first months unforgetable．
Wake up
You’ve just finished spending the long summer holiday and now is the time to wake up and ready to work hard．
Eat properly
Eat fruit and vegetables every day, eat breakfast and avoid(避免)fatty, salty food; they all lead to a happier and healthier you．
Check stock
Make sure you’ve got everything you need, such as textbooks, pens, pencils, paper and anything else that’s specific to your lessons．
Question everything
Don’t be in a “Why am I here?” way, but try to get your head around anything you’ve not sure of．For example, if you don’t understand something that has come up in a textbook, ask your teachers．
Write stuff
Early on it’s worth making even more notes than you might usually, just to make sure you don’t miss anything that you will need later．As you progress you’ll get a better idea of how many notes you need to make．
Compare notes
Once you have made those notes, why not discuss them with your classmates? It’s a good way to get to know them better and make sure you haven’t missed anything in the process．
Get involved(参与)
When you sign up for all those clubs, don’t forget to go along to them! This is a chance to meet new people and learn new things．
__________
Let friends and relatives know how you’re getting on, while it’s also good to hear from the people you love．However, don’t go home on your first weekend if you live at the school; settle in your new surroundings first．
(1)
The underlined word “panic” in Paragragh 1 can be replaced by “__________”
[ ]
A．
be enthusiastic
B．
be disappointed
C．
be amazing
D．
be afraid and anxious
(2)
What’s the writer’s purpose of giving suggestions to the new students?
[ ]
A．
to make them eat properly．
B．
to make them make as many notes as possible．
C．
to make their first term memorable and colorful．
D．
to tell them to campare notes with their classmates．
(3)
What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
[ ]
A．
to get to know your lessons better．
B．
to discuss your notes with your classmates．
C．
to make sure you have’t missed anything in the process．
D．
to make your notes．
(4)
Which of the following can be filled in the blank of Paragragh 9?
[ ]
A．
Phone home．
B．
Eat out．
C．
Go home．
D．
Make friends．
阅读理解
A few days ago I asked my son's governess(女家庭教师)Julia to come into my study．“Be seated, Julia,”I said, “Let's settle our accounts．I guess you most likely need some money, but maybe you're too polite to mention it．Now then, we agreed on thirty dollars a month…”
“Forty．”
“No, thirty．I made a note of it．I always pay our governess thirty．Well, um, you've been here two months, so…”
“Two months and five days．”
“Exactly two months．I made a special note of it．That means you have sixty dollars coming to you．Take off nine Sundays…you know you didn't work with Tom on Sundays, you only took walks．And three holidays…”Julia was biting her finger nail nervously, her face red, but－not a word．
“Three holidays, therefore take off twelve dollars．Four days Tom was sick and there were no lessons, as you were occupied(从事)only with Dick．Three days you had a toothache and my wife gave you permission not to work after lunch．Twelve and seven-nineteen．Take nineteen off…that leaves…hmm…forty one dollars．Correct?”
Julia's left eye reddened with tears welling up．Her chin trembled; she coughed nervously and blew her nose, but－still not a word．
“Around New Year's Day you broke a teacup and a saucer; take off two dollars．The cup cost more, it was a treasure of the family, but － forget it．When didn't I take a loss! Then, due to your neglect(疏忽), Tom climbed a tree and tore his jacket; take away ten．Also due to your carelessness the maid stole Dick's shoes．You ought to watch everything! You get paid for it．So, that means five more dollars off．The tenth of January I gave ten dollars．”
“You didn't．” sobbed Julia．
“But I made a note of it．”
“Well…if you say so．”
“Take twenty seven from forty one－that leaves fourteen．”
Both her eyes were filled with tears．Beads of sweat stood on the thin pretty little nose．Poor girl!
“Only once was I given any money,” she whispered, her voice trembling, “and that was by your wife．Three dollars, nothing more．”
“Really? You see now, and I didn't know that! Take three from fourteen－that leaves eleven．Here's your money, my dear．Three, three, three, one and one．Here it is!”
I handed her eleven dollars．She took them and pocketed them．
“Merci(法语：谢谢),”she whispered．
I jumped to my feet and started pacing the room．I was overcome with anger．“For what, this ‘merci'?” I asked．
“For the money．”
“But you know I've cheated you－robbed you! I have actually stolen from you! Why this ‘merci'?”
“In my other places they didn't give me anything at all．”
“They didn't give you anything? No wonder! I played a little joke on you, a cruel lesson, just to teach you．．．I m going to give you all the eighty dollars! Here they are in the envelope all ready for you．．．Is it really possible to be so spineless(懦弱)?Why didn't you protest? Why were you silent? Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws(爪)－to be such a fool?”
Embarrassed, she smiled．And I could read her expression, “It is possible．”
I asked her pardon for the cruel lesson and, to her great surprise, gave her the eighty dollars．She murmured her little “merci” several times and went out．I looked after her and thought, “How easy it is to crush(压榨)the weak in this world !”
(1)
What shocked the writer was Julia's ________．
[ ]
A．
nervousness in front of her boss
B．
acceptance of injustice(不公平)
C．
shyness when talking about money
D．
unwilling to express herself
(2)
The writer said, “Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws?” He was actually telling the governess ________．
[ ]
A．
to be more aggressive(侵略的)
B．
to be more careful in her work
C．
to protect her right
D．
to live independently
(3)
At the end of the story, the writer said, “How easy it is to crush the weak in this world!” to show ________．
[ ]
A．
his understanding of Julia's anxiety
B．
his worry about Julia's future
C．
his concern on the living condition of working - class people
D．
his sympathy(同情)for the mental state of the weak
(4)
From the story, we can tell that Julia's employer was ________．
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